介词用法大全课件.ppt
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1、Grammar介词和介词短语介词和介词短语1介词是高考中的一个重要考点,在连续六年的广东高考中都有专门考查介词的,占语法填空的五分之一。主要考点有:考点解密考点解密2the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _a guest in their house.(2007NMET)思路分析:句意是“把我作为客人接待”,表示“当作,作为”用介词as。as3I wanted to reward the old woman _the troub
2、le I had caused her.(2007NMET)思路分析:句意是“我想酬谢我给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。”表示“因 而酬谢/报答某人”,是reward sb.for sth,即用for引出原因,故填for。类似的还有thank you sb.for sth;praise sb.for sth.;punish sb.for sth.for4He was very tired _ doing this for a He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.(2008NMET广东)思路分析:累了必定是在干了一整天活之后,故填afte
3、r;另外,表示“因 而累”,be tired from也是固定短语,故也可填from。Be tired of 对 厌倦I am tired of living abroad.我对生活在国外感到厌倦了。after/fromafter/from5Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life._ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.(2008NMET广东)思路分析:因these proverbs是名词,且不是
4、作主语、宾语、表语等,前面很可能是填介词;句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”,表示“在背后”,用介词behind。Behind/In6Jane stopped where a small crowd of menhad gathered.She found some goodquality pipes _ sale.(2009)因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配。onWhen Jane got home,with her small but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents were already _ table h
5、aving supper.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane _(inform).(2009NMET广东)atwas informed7His teacher took a deep drink,smiled_(warm),and thanked hisstudent very much for the sweet water.The young man went home_a happy heart.(2010广东)We understand this lesson bes
6、t _ we receive gifts of love from children.Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace,the proper response is appreciation.We love the idea withinthe gift rather than the thing.warmlywithwhen8I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him_ 23_his own either.(2011广
7、东).the new boy looked at the teacher _ 23_ a few seconds.(2012广东)onfor91.什么情况下可能是填介词?我们首先必须知道两点:(1)介词必须要接宾语,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词,或者what从句;(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。因此,我们在解答语法填空时,若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时,且他们不是在句中作主语,也不是在动词后作宾语时,这个格空就很可能是填介词。解题技巧102.应该填哪个介词?应该填哪个介词?在判断可能填介词之后,要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词,特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来
8、选择一个恰当的介词。11第一类:和时间有关的介词第一类:和时间有关的介词121.in at on1)_ the day 2)_ the evening 3)_ daybreak 4)_ midnight5)_ six oclock 6)_ dusk7)_ a cold day 8)_ a summer evening9)_ Sunday 10)_ December 12th2009早、晚 都要用inat 黎明、午、夜、点与分on在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上等ininatatatatonononon13注:1)_ weekends 2)_ Christmas/Easter3)_ May
9、 4)_ a week 5)_ the fall6)He will come back _ ten days7)_ arriving,we started to work.8)He jumped with joy_ hearing the news.在周末和泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节等前用at说到星期,月份,季节,世纪等较长的时间时,要用in在将来时中,in加一段时间表示多久以后on+doing“一就.”=on+该动词的名词形式atatininininonOn142.before/after ;ago/later1)_ supper 2)_1970 3)_ coming to college4
10、)A week _ 5)a minute _6)Ten days _before,after表时间点;ago,later表时间段注:1)He had studied French for four years _ he came here.2)He fell ill three days _before可接完成时,ago过去时有限before/afterbefore/afterbefore/afterago/laterago/laterago/laterbeforeago153.to till/until1)They worked from five _ ten2)Lets start now
11、 and work _ dark3)He usually pays me on Friday but last week he didnt pay me _ the fol-lowing Monday4)Well stay here _ it stops rainingfrom.to till/until not.untiltotill/untiltill/untiltill/until164.from,since,for1)She is singing_ morning to night.2)He has been here_ Monday3)He left school in 1983I
12、havent seen him _ then4)I havent seen Tom _ two years.5)He travelled in the desert _ six monthsfrom和to不可分;since只用完成时,从句常是一般过去时for常接一段时间fromsincesinceforfor175.by+时间“在这一时刻或者是在这一时刻之前”,且常常可以和完成时连用火车6点10分发车,所以你最好在6点之前到达火车站。The train starts at 610,so you had better be at the station by 600.到7月底我将已把那些书全读完
13、了。By the end of July Ill have read all those books186.during in within1)I learned a lot _ the holiday/my stay there.2)She was born _ 1997.3)Mr Black visited our school _ 2009,not 20084)They worked hard.They finished the work _ 2 days at last.During和in两者在一般情况下可以相互替换,但是强调动作的延续性时候常用during,而强调动作发生在段时间中的
14、某一点时候常用in,同时,当表示对比的时候,常用in。within强调的是不超过.,在之内Duringininwithin197.over+时间时间 强调强调“过完过完”,有时表示,有时表示“一边边一边”他的孙儿孙女们将在这过完周末。His grandchildren will stay over the weekends.他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。They chatted over a cup of coffee.8.throughout强调强调“从头至尾”,“至始至至始至终”整个会议过程中他一句话都没有说。He kept silent throughout the meeting.209.t
15、owards+时间 表示“接近,快到”快到半夜了他们才离开。They left towards midnight.注:1)Our teacher is very patient towards us.2)The little boy ran towards his mother.towards 还可表示对待(某人)和(朝)方向相当于to212.in+时间段 在之后(内),多用于将来时after+时间段 在之后,多用于过去时1.Mr Brown has gone to Canada.He willbe back _ two weeks.A.for B.after C.in2.Our manage
16、r came back _ an hour.A.in B.after C.at3.They have been here _ an hour.A.for B.after C.in22第二类第二类 表示方位的介词表示方位的介词231.in at1)He lives _ a great city while his parents live _ a village.2)There is a shop _the corner of the street.3)He hid the book _ the corner of the desk.4).He was swimming _ the lake.5
17、).They were walking _ the lake.小地方at,大地方in;at表附近,in表里注意:at seainininatatat242.in into1)I poured the beer _ the cup.2)He put his hands _ his pockets.3)Someone must have broken _.into常常表示进入.;而in一般无此用3.in to on1)Taiwan lies _ the east of China 2)Taiwan is _ the southeast of Fujian.3)China faces the Pac
18、ific _ the east.in内to外,on表接壤intointoinintoon254.on above over;below under1)There is a lake_ the village,further down the valley.2)Theres a bridge _ the river.3)Theres a bag _ the desk.above,below斜上/下方,over,under垂直上/下方,on是一般要接触They are children abovesix years old.In the company,Dick ranks aboveTom He
19、 considered himself abovedoing such things.above还可表年龄、职位和不屑The car is underrepair.under还可以表示正在之中under discussion/constructionbelowoveron265.beneath太阳此刻落到地平线下了。The sun is now beneath the horizonbeneath 可以代替underHe is beneath his brother intellectually.He considered that job beneath him beneath也可表抽象和比
20、喻“低于”“不适合”276.through,across,over,by1)He went _ the forest by himself.2)He walked _ me without speaking.3)You must be careful when you walk _ the road.4)He jumped _ the wall?across(从物体表面)跨越,越过?through(从物体中间)穿透,穿越?over (从物体上面)跃过?by 在.旁边throughbyacrossover28across(从物体表面)跨越,越过through(从物体中间)穿透,穿越over (从
21、物体上面)跃过297.to at1)He shouted _ me with anger.2)He shouted _ me so that I could hear him.at 侧重是攻击,to一般是善意come to/at talk to/atpresent(a knife)to/atatto308.between,among1).The girl sits _ Jane and Mary.2).The teacher is standing _ the students.between 是两,among 是大于等于三注:1)She takes some medicine _ three
22、 meals.三者以上事物,把这些事物分别看待,强调两两之间的时候仍用between2)I am _ the top students.among还可表示包括在其中=be included inbetweenamong319.beyond 在的那一边山那边是一片浓密的森林。Beyond the mountains is a thick forest.注:1)Its benefits go beyond this.2)Dont stay there beyond the visiting hours.3)The road continues beyond the village upinto t
23、he hill.beyond还可以表示超出.范围beyond the ordinary/the age of 20/ones reach/ones description/ones grasp3210.against 表示靠着,依着他的办公桌靠墙放着。His desk lies against the wall.注:1)We bought some warm clothes against the coming winter 2)The little red house looks so beautiful againstthe green woods.3)She has said nothi
24、ng against you.4)It is against the school rules to speak in class.against还可以表示预防,以为背景,不利于,违反等意思3311.along 沿着,顺着沿着长平路一直往前走,穿过两个十字路口后你就会发现沃尔玛超市在你的左手边.WalkalongChangping Road and go acrosstwo crossings.And then you will find the Wal-Mart Market is onyour left.注:1).Come alongwith us.2).Get alongwell wit
25、h others.along还可以表示“和.一起”3412.off (从从上上)移开、落下、离开see/take/set/fall.off在(离岸边不远的)海面;与相距islands off the coastThe ship sank off the harbor.注:注:1)My hometown is more than 1,000 off.2)The day for CEE is about 200 days off.空间或时间上的相距3)I will be off tomorrow.离开或休假4)The electricity is off.断电断电5)He offered to t
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