2019版高考英语大一轮复习 语法突破篇 12 构词法课件.ppt

1、第十二讲 构词法,01,02,05,针对训练,03,04,转化法,英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。,一、 转化法,一、 转化法,动词转化为名词,1,(1)很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化。Lets go out for a walk. 我们到外面去散散步吧。(2)有时意思有一定变化。He is a man of strong build. 他是一个体格健壮的人。(3)有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作。Lets have a swim. 咱们游泳吧。,一、 转化法,名词转化为动词,2

2、,Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗？Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。,一、 转化法,形容词转化为动词,3,We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。,一、 转化法,形容词转化为名词,4,(1)表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词。You should be dressed in black at the funeral.

3、你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。(2)某些形容词如old，young，poor，rich，wounded，injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数。The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。,派生法,二、派生法,在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，很少引起词义的变化。,二、派生法,前缀,(1)表示否定意义的前缀常见的有dis，un-，im-，in-，il，ir，mis，non 等，在

4、单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现 disappear消失correct正确的 incorrect不正确的lead带领 mislead误导stop停下 nonstop直达的,1,二、派生法,前缀,(2)表示其他意义的前缀常见的有a-(多构成表语形容词)，anti- (反对；抵抗)，auto- (自动)，co (共同)，en- (使)，inter (互相)，re- (再；又)，sub (下面的；次；小)，tele (强调距离)等。alone单独的antigas防毒气的cooperate合作 enlarge 扩大Internet互联网 reuse再用subway地铁

5、telephone电话,1,二、派生法,后缀,(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有ence，(e)r/or (从事某事的人)，-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ful (一)，-ian(精通的人)，-ist (专业人员)，ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如：differ不同于 difference区别write写 writer作家Japan日本 Japanese日本人act表演 actress女演员mouth口 mouthful一口music音乐 musician音乐家,2,二、派生法,后缀,(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有en (多用于形容词

6、之后)，fy (使化)，ize (使成为)。例如：wide widen加宽beauty beautify美化pure purify提纯real realize意识到organ organize组织,2,二、派生法,后缀,(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有al，-able (有能力的)，-an(某国人的)，en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，ern (方向的)，ese(某国人的)，ful，-(ic)al，ish，ive，less (表示否定)，-like (像的)，ly，ous，some，y等。nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的America美国Ameri

7、can美国的China中国Chinese中国人的gold金子golden金的east东eastern东方的child孩子childish孩子气的snow雪snowy有雪的,2,二、派生法,后缀,(4)构成副词的常用后缀有ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry生气的angrily生气地to到towards朝，向east东方eastward向东,2,二、派生法,后缀,(5)构成数词的后缀有teen (十几)，ty (几十)，th (构成序数词)。six六sixteen十六sixteenth第十六four四forty四十forti

8、eth第四十,2,合成法,三、合成法,合成名词,1,三、合成法,合成名词,1,三、合成法,合成形容词,2,三、合成法,合成形容词,2,三、合成法,合成形容词,2,三、合成法,合成动词,3,三、合成法,合成副词,4,其他法,三、其他法,截短法,1,截短法又称缩略法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1截头telephonephoneaeroplaneplane2去尾mathematicsmath examinationexamkilogramkilo laboratorylab3截头去尾influenzaflu refrigeratorfridge,三、其他法,

9、混合法,2,混合法又叫混成法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。news broadcast newscast新闻广播smoke and fog smog烟雾,三、其他法,首字母缩略法,3,首字母缩略法，即用两个或两个以上的单词的首字母组成一个新词。very important person VIP要人；大人物television TV电视Testing of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL托福,. 单句语法填空,1Recent studies show that we are far more produc

10、tive at work if we take short breaks _ (regular)(2016全国卷)2In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015全国卷)3The river was so polluted that it _ (actual) caught fire and burned.(2014全国卷)4

11、There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint)(2014全国卷)5_ (obvious)，the story is not true，but the festival is interesting.,regularly,ability,actually,disappointed,Obviously,. 单句语法填空,6When Bob was still young，his parents _ (marry) ended in divor

12、ce.7Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the _ (advantage) in finding jobs.8 _ (thank)，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.9Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it _ (intend)10The Great Wall is more than 6,000 li in _ (long),marriage,disa

13、dvantages,Thankfully,intentionally,length,. 单句语法填空,11The black people were against slavery and fought for their _ (free) bravely.12What you said sounded _ (reason) but in fact it was untrue.13We have to learn _ (advance) technology from other countries.14Youd better give up smoking if you want to ke

14、ep _ (health)15Without _ (hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.,freedom,reasonable,advanced,healthy,hesitation,. 单句语法填空,16My English improved a lot；more importantly，I gained much _ (confident)17Do you want to get to the classroom earlier to make some _ (prepare)?18

15、Several days later，out of my _ (expect)，I saw it quietly stand in a corner of the house where I worked. I was extremely glad to regain it.19Not only the teachers but also the students find the website _ (benefit)20It snowed _ (heavy) last night and now the streets are covered with snow.,confidence,p

16、reparations,expectation,beneficial,heavily,. 单句改错,1In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday，I took driving lessons. (2017全国卷)2Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 3The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teach

17、ers but also our friends. 4The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste. 5We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost！,eighteenth,serious,helpful,tasty,wonderful,. 单句改错,6It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them repeated. 7Her disappointing look showed that she failed the exam again. 8The child looked sad at his brother who was badly wounded. 9I must be getting fatI can hard do my trousers up. 10The five-yearsold boy can sing the song very well.,repeatedly,disappointed,sadly,hardly,five-year-old,本文档仅为全套资料之一，欢迎点击下方按钮链接，下载全套资料！,请点此到下载本文全套资料,. 翻