初三英语语法讲解课件.pptx

1、初三英语语法讲解课件初三英语语法讲解课件谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.He works.He takes care of the baby.He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.You are students.You look smart.单谓语或动词单谓语或动词短语短语情态动词情态动词/助助动词动词+v.系动词系动词+表语表语非谓语：主要包括不定式（非谓语：主

2、要包括不定式（to do），），ving形式以及形式以及过去分词过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.He works.He wants to work here.He is working now.He has done his work.You are students,so you dont work in the factory.Being students,you dont work in the factory.过去分词过去分词不定式不定式V.-ing V.-i

3、ng 形式形式非谓语动词高考题高考题巩固巩固 题题1 1巩固巩固 题题2 2 Revision:The function of V-ing 1.Learning a foreign language is very useful.2.I enjoy learning English.3.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language.4.The music sounds exciting.5.My job is teaching.6.There is a swimmi

4、ng pool in our school.7.The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.8.W watch the children diving into the water from the top board.9.Hearing a sound,the baby stopped crying.(adverbial)(subject)(object)(predicative)(attribute)(object complement)(attribute)(predicative)(object)V-ing as Adverbial1.H

5、earing a sound,the baby stopped crying.2.He cut off the electricity,preventing an accident.3.Having been told her daughter was sick,she hurried to the school to take her home.(not)V-ing(not)having done(not)having been done4.Having cut off the electricity,he prevented an accident.5.Having lived in th

6、e country for many years,she knows how to grow vegetables.6.Not having received any news from home for a long time,she is becoming more and more homesick.V-ing 的形式 Revision（一）动词不定式（一）动词不定式 to do 作用作用（The function of“to do”）1.What does it mean to be a scientist?(subject)2.Nothing in life is to be fea

7、red(predicative)3.People who listen to Hawkings lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him.(object)4.The doctor told him that he might not have more than twelve months to live.(attribute)5.He travelled around the world to give lectures.(adverbial)6.He rushed to school only to find there

8、was nobody there.(adverbial)7.The teacher asked us to write a composition about a famous scientist.(object complement)7.Nor did he let the disease stop him from living(object compement)1.John stepped forward so as to be introduced to the visitors.2.Anne stepped forward so as to introduce the visitor

9、s to us.3.They seem to have met each other before.Didnt you notice that.4.They seem to know each other.5.When mother came into my room,I pretended to be reading a letter.6.Ill write down your name and address so as not to forget them.（二）不定式的形式、时态与语（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态态小结(not)to do(not)to be done(not)to h

10、ave(been)done(not)to be doing过去分词过去分词 done若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。如：a broken glass=a glass which has been broken a fallen tree=a tree which has fallen(down)1.形式与含义形式与含义2.成分 1)作表语作表语 eg She is interested in the job.All the audiences are moved.2)作定语作定语 eg.Tigers and lions are

11、animals which are endangered.All the people who are invited to the meeting are VIP.Tigers and lions are endangered animals.We can see a lot of leaves which have fallen on the ground.All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.3）作宾补作宾补 eg Speak louder

12、 so that you can make yourself heard.We have our classroom cleaned every day.4)作状语作状语（比较：When we saw from the top of the mountain,we found the viilage very small.=Seeing from the top of the mountain,we found the village very small.）eg.If it is seen from the top of the mountain,the village looks very

13、 small.Seen from the top of the mountain,the village looks very small.eg.The teacher entered the room and he was followed by some students.The teacher entered the room,followed by some students.判断下列句子中过去分词（判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分：的成分：1.Folded in his pocket,the letter wasnt found until twenty years late

14、r.2.No matter how hard he tried,he couldnt make himself believed.3.We can see excited expression on her face.3.When heated,ice will be changed into water.4.She had her bike repaired yesterday.5.We were all inspired by her inspiring speech.6.Given an apple,the child stopped crying.7.The boy named Tom

15、 is an orphan.adverbialObject complementattributeadverbialObject complementpredicativeadverbialattribute例4 As there was nobody，he had to go alone.There _ nobody,he had to go alone.If time permits,I will go to see you.Time_,I will go to see you.As the worked had been finished,he went to bed.The work_

16、,he went to bed.being permitting当存在不同主语时，可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构。finished不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例1._ makes me happy to find the key.A.That B.It C.What D.WhetherB解析：不定式做主语，常用“it”作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有it is adj.(for sb.)to do sth.但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是 改 for 为 of.e.g.It is nice of you to say so.It 也可充当形式宾语使用。不定式不定式例2

17、NMET 2000 第19题Ive work with children before,so I know what _ in my job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expectsB解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain不定式的不定式的作用作用不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例3:You are the third one _ the room.A.to enter

18、B.entering C.entered A解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词 way/chance/opportunity等 或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。注意：I need a pen to write with.(不及物动词要加介词)例4 NMET 1999 第21题The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make.

19、B不定式不定式解析：因为主语是the purpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选B。不定式的不定式的作用作用不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用 在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,look at；三使役make,let,have;二听listen to,hear等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。例5:You are not allowed _ the

20、books out.A.taking B.to taken C.take D.to takeD解析：allow 的用法可见allow sb.to do和 allow doing sth.当被改为被动态时，为sb.be allowed to do.不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例6：I got up early to catch the bus.He went out never to return.He is too young to go to school.I am happy to meet you.A.Adverbial of purpose B.Adverbial of res

21、ult C.Adverbial of reasonABCB例例7 NMET 1997第第12题题I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have goneD不定式不定式解析：解析：该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。would love(like)to 是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Would love+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。不

22、定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态例例8 NMET 2002 第第14题题Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(2002)A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen 例如：It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers.The question to be discussed at the next meeting

23、 will be rather difficult.B解析解析：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系词的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动被动关系用被动.不定式不定式例例9 NMET 1996年年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operationThe patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatA.to eat not B.eatin

24、g not C.not to eat D.not eatC 解析解析：该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，warn sb.not to do sth.warn sb.against doing sth.该题应该用结构另外，not 应放在to之前。不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式V.-ing 形式形式例例 NMET1998 European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to makeAv.-ing 形式

25、主要考查其在句子中作状语和定语的用法Making it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析His parents died,leaving him an orphan.He rushed to the post office only to find it was closedV.-ing 形式形式例例2 a sleeping baby a sleeping bagVing 做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。boiling water boiled

26、 water an exciting game an excited man ving做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词V.-ing 形式形式例3.I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition.A.to sign,to writing B.to sign,writing C.signing,writing有些动词后接to do为宾语，而有些则接ving，比如finish,suggest,mind,practise等，但要注意一下动词forget，remember,regret,try，mean等既可以加to d

27、o也可加doing，但是意义不同。B过去分词过去分词1.作状语例例1 NMET1996第第23题题_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To loseC解析：1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.2.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法，A.Lose oneself in A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,thought B.be lost

28、 in thought,按句子提供的语境可按句子提供的语境可用结构用结构B.B.（比较：比较：Losing Losing himself in thought,he himself in thought,he almost ranalmost ran）过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。过去分词过去分词2.作定语例例2 NMET1997第第17题题The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C，did not include women players until 1912.A.first played B.to be first played C.first

29、 playing D.to be first playingA 过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.解析过去分词过去分词3.作表语例例3 NMET1998第第23题题Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to payC解析：该题考查

30、分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb.by the hour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt,get hurt,get wounded.过去分词过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。the plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。see sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have 和make)sth.done.例例4 NMET2000第第22题题The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next yea

31、r.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry outC解析历年高考题 1.Friendship is like money：easier made than _(03上海春)Akept Bto be kept Ckeeping Dbeing kept 2._ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragementAThe president will attend BThe president to attend(03上海春)CThe president attende

32、d DThe presidents attending 3.Unless _ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference Ainvited Binviting Cbeing invited Dhaving invited(03上春)4.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live (03上海春)Ato have played Bto play Cto b

33、e played Dto be playing ADAB5.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?(MET93 17)A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking 6._ down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room.(MET93 24)A.Turning B.To turn C.Turned D.Turn 7.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 3

34、4)A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented 8.-I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.(MET94 21)A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you know9.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.(NMET94 22)A.rid

35、e;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding 10.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25)A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play 11.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET94 34)A.having written B.to be written

36、C.being written D.written 12.-You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.(NMET95 26)A.to do b.to be doing C.to have done D.having done 13.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him_.(NMET95 35)A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.d

37、o not to 14.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_ her new bicycle.(97上海 13)A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing 15.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.(97 上海上海12)A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned 16.She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-li

38、ned garden.(95 上海上海20)A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in 17.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.(96上海14)A.to pursue B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 18.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more diffic

39、ult.(NMET99 21)A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make 19.A computer does only what thinking people _.(99上海19)A.have it do B.have it done C.have done it D.having it done20.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you;will call later.”(NMET99 25)A.read B.re

40、ads C.to read D.reading5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice 4.Our

41、 father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learn2.It s a pay day，and they are waiting_.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paid3.-A letter may be too slow.-Why not _ a telegram.A.try se

42、nding B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send巩固练习巩固练习C CDABAD1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.When and where to build the new power station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary

43、to change trains at Beijing?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine_that wit

44、h such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.workingNon-infinitive 14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned15.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied16.To master a foreign

45、language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practiceC.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice17._a reply,he decided to write a sixth letter.A.Not receiving B.Not to receive C.Not having received D.Having not received18.Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening

46、.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking19.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read20.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned7.She reached the top of the hil

47、l and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments?A.there B.it C.this D.that9.Im thirsty.Would you please give me something_.A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking10.There was a te

48、rrible noise_the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow13.Believe it or not,he was seen_upstairs just now.A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go