2019版高考英语大一轮复习 语法突破篇 5 特殊句式课件.ppt

1、第五讲 特殊句式,01,02,06,针对训练,03,04,05,强调句,一、强调句型,强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。,It was Marie Curie and her husband who discovered radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。,1,一、强调句型,It is in this bend

2、 that accidents often happen.Accidents often happen in this bend.这个拐弯处事故频发。(是强调句型),名师指津(1)判断句子是否为强调句型可以将It is/was和that/who去掉，如果剩余部分的结构依然完整，则该句为强调句型，否则则不是。,(2)在强调时间状语时，不能用when替换that；同样在强调地点状语时，也不能用where替换that。,It was in the factory that I got to know him.()It was in the factory where I got to know hi

3、m.()正是在那家工厂里我开始认识了他。,一、强调句型,强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分？,Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？,2,一、强调句型,强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子其他部分？,When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这一门课程的？,3,名师指津强调句型的疑问句式也可用于宾语从句中，但注意语序要用陈述句语序。I reall

4、y dont know why it was that he refused to accept the position.我真的不知道到底为什么他拒绝接受这个职位。,一、强调句型,not.until句型的强调句型结构：It is/was not until.that句子其他部分。,It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这里我才意识到这个地方出名不仅仅是因为它的美丽还因为它的气候。,4,二、强调谓语动

5、词,用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于强调祈使句。,Do be careful next time when youre driving a car.当你下次开车的时候务必小心。She did tell me about her address，but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。,倒装句,一、部分倒装,将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no mea

6、ns，no longer，hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.，not until，nowhere，neither.nor.等。,Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.她以前从没见过打网球打得和罗伯特一样好的人。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子睡着，母亲才离开房间。,1,一、部分倒装,“only状语/状语从句”置于句

7、首时，主句要进行部分倒装。,Only in this way can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.只有这样病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.只有当他病的非常严重时，他才呆在床上。,2,一、部分倒装,so/such.that.结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。,So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole fam

8、ily were at a great loss.他突然患病，全家人全然不知所措。,3,一、部分倒装,表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。,Since my return to China，I havent seen my host mother in America，nor/neither have I heard from her.自从我回到中国之后，就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。,4,一、部分倒装,as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导

9、的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词as主语谓语的其他部分”的形式。,Hard as he tried, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.尽管他尽力了，但他似乎还是没能满意地做好这项工作。,5,二、全部倒装,全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：,二、全部倒装,here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run。,There goes

10、the bell.铃响了。For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.什么都没发生只持续了片刻。接下来便传来了一起喊叫的声音。,1,二、全部倒装,表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语为表示运动的动词。,Out rushed a boy from under the bridge.从桥下跑出来了一个男孩。Just in front of the bus lies an injured man，all covered with blood.公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。,2,二、全部倒

11、装,若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。,Present at the meeting were some scientists from all over the world.许多来自世界各地的科学家出席了会议。,3,名师指津主语是代词时不倒装。 Here he comes.他来了。,省略,省略,不定式符号to后面省去前面提到的动词(短语)。,Jack didnt pass the driving test，but he still hopes to. (to后省去了pass the driving test)杰克没有通过驾驶证考试，但他仍希望能通过。,1,省略,so

12、，not省略词代替前面提到的事，分别表示肯定与否定。,英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在Im afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe等开头的答句中；条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法，如if so/if not等。,2,Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?你认为周末会下雨吗？I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/我想会的。If so，I hope you will have a wonderful time.如果是这样，我希望你

13、度过美好的时光。,省略,状语从句的省略。,在用as if，if，though，when，where，while，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。,3,While (I was) on the street，I came across a friend of mine.当我在街上的时候，我碰到了我的一个朋友。If (you are) offered help，never forget to say “Thank you！”如果别人帮助了你，一定不要忘了说声“谢谢

14、”。If (it is) possible，I would like to go there tomorrow.如果可能的话，我明天去那里。,there be句型,一、there be句型的基本结构,There be结构是英语中陈述事物客观存在的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”，there 作为引导词，本身没有意义，其基本结构为：There be名词(短语) 地点。,There is a great Italian deli across the street.街道对面有一家大的意大利熟食店。,二、there be 结构中的主谓一致,当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时

15、，be 应该用单数；当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be应该用复数。,1,There is some apple juice in the bottle.瓶子里有一些苹果汁。There are some strangers in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。,二、there be 结构中的主谓一致,如果there be后面是几个并列名词作主语时，动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。,2,There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf.There are two bottles and an ashtray on t

16、he shelf.架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。,三、there be结构中的时态,There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。,1,There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.去年春天，山上有极美的野花。There will be a lecture given by Mr. Smith tomorrow.明天将有史密斯先生做的讲座。,三、there be结构中的时态,There be 句型可以和情态动词连用。,2,He felt that there must be something

17、wrong.他感到一定是出了错儿。,四、there be 结构的变体,There be句型和seem to，appear to，used to，be likely to，happen to等连用。,1,There is likely to be a storm tonight.今晚可能有一场暴雨。There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。,四、there be 结构的变体,there be 结构中除可以用be 外，还可以用其他动词。如：come，exist，follow，live，occur，remain，stand 等。,2,Once upon

18、a time there lived a king in that country.从前在那个国家有一个国王。,五、there be结构的非谓语动词形式,There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。,I expect there to be no argument about this.我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。(expect与to do搭配)I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。(of是介词，后用v.ing形式)There being nothing else to do，we went home.因为没有其他事可做，我们就回家了。(there be句型的独立主格结构),感叹句和祈使句,一、感叹句,What(a/an)形容词名词(主语谓语)!,1,What beautiful flowers these are!How beautiful these flowers are!这些花多美啊！,一、感叹句,Whata/an形容词可数名词单数(主语谓语)！How形容词a/an可数名词单数(主语谓语)!,2,What a strange pl