2019版高考英语大一轮复习 语法突破篇 3 定语从句课件.ppt

1、第三讲 定语从句,01,02,04,针对训练,03,定语从句的几个问题,定语从句的种类,在复合句中， 修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。,1限制性定语从句,它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。,Do you know the girl who just came in?你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？Shanghai is a city (that)Ive alwa

2、ys wanted to visit.上海是我一直想参观的城市。The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult period of my life.我第一次遇见怀特先生是我一生中非常困难的时期。,2非限制性定语从句,它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。,The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。Be

3、ijing, which is the capital city of China,is a very beautiful city.中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。,关系词的用法,1关系代词的用法,1关系代词的用法,How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday?你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样？He worked out the most difficult problem that I had ever seen.他解答出了我所见过最难的题目。Children who are not active or whose di

4、et is high in fat will gain weight quickly.不爱活动或饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。He has moved into a house whose window looks out over the sea.他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。,1关系代词的用法,Henry is the most energetic young man that I have ever come across.亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。,在限制性定语从句中指代物时，which 和that 一般可通用。但要注意以下几种情况：,只用that而不用which 的

5、情况,?先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,?先行词有序数词修饰时,This is the third time that they have met.这是他们第三次见面。,1关系代词的用法,He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。,只用that而不用which 的情况,?先行词既有人又有物时,?先行词为all，much，few，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none 等不定代词时,Id like to tell you somet

6、hing that might make you surprised.我想告诉你一件可能会让你吃惊的事情。,?先行词前面有the very，the only，the same，any，few，little，no，all，one of 等词修饰时,This is the very room that I slept in that evening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。,1关系代词的用法,I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，which my classmates recommended to me.我

7、上周从图书馆借了夏洛克福尔摩斯这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。,只用which 而不用that 的情况,?引导非限制定语从句时,?在定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时,I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.我被置之于我不得不接受我不重要的境地。,2关系副词的用法,2关系副词的用法,We will put off the picnic until next Sunday when the weather may be better.We will put off the picnic until n

8、ext Sunday on which the weather may be better.我们把野餐推迟到下周日，那时天气可能会变好。,When I arrived，he took me to see the house where I would be staying.When I arrived，he took me to see the house in which I would be staying.当我到达时，他带我去看了我将要住的房子。,The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.The reason

9、for which I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。,2关系副词的用法,名师指津where引导定语从句时，不仅仅修饰具体的地点，还可以修饰抽象的地点，此时先行词常为situation，case，point等抽象名词。He got into a situation where it was hard to decide what was right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。,3关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句的区别,正确区分关系代词和关系副词，关键是要弄清楚它们在定语从句中担当什么成

10、分，而不仅仅取决于先行词是什么。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。试比较：,This is the college (that/ which) I visited. This is the college where I studied three years ago.,Ill never forget the day (that/ which) we spent together.Ill never forget the day when I got married.,4“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,4“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,

11、Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？(on与the day 搭配)Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to为固定搭配)John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是家人。,

12、4“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,名师指津whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构，个别情况下也可以用“介词when/where”。I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会取得这么大的成就。She climbed up to the top of the hill，from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风

13、光。,5as引导的定语从句及其与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,Its the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.我们昨天要找的是同一个人。Such girls as he knows are good at English.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。,其主要结构有：the same.as.，such.as.，as/so.as.等。主句中出现the same，as，such，so修饰先行词，需选择as作关系

14、代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。,5as引导的定语从句及其与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,名师指津the same，such，so引导限制性定语从句和结果状语从句的区别the same，such，so可以与as或that搭配。as引导的是定语从句，在从句中充当成分；而that引导的是结果状语从句，从句结构完整。It is so breathtaking a park that everyone wants to visit it.(结果状语从句)It is so breathtaking a park as everyone wants to visit.(定语从句),5as引导的定语

15、从句及其与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,as与which引导非限制性定语从句时都可以代指整个主句内容，其主要区别如下：,5as引导的定语从句及其与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,As everyone knows，China is a beautiful country with a long history.每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。,名师指津当非限制性定语从句的谓语为被动式谓语时，常用as引导。as be

16、announced，as be expected，as be known，as be reported，as be said，as be shownThe air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的那样，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。,定语从句的几个问题,1定语从句中的主谓一致,He is the man who/that wants to see you.The pictures that/which look beautif

17、ul were drawn by him.,Liquid water changes to vapor，which is called evaporation(蒸发)As is usual，Hans came to school late this morning.,2非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别,区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and，but等并列连词或分号等的存在，若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。,In our class there are 46 students，of whom half wear glasses.(定语从

18、句)In our class there are 46 students，and half of them wear glasses.(并列句),3定语从句与地点状语从句的区别,where可以引导定语从句，也可以引导地点状语从句，二者的区别主要看有无先行词。,Rice grows well in the place where there is enough water.(定语从句)Rice grows well where there is enough water.(地点状语从句),. 单句语法填空,1Like anything, it is possible to have too mu

19、ch of fat and salt，_ is not good for the health.(2017全国卷)2Sarah， _ has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国卷)3My eldest son， _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.(2017天津卷)4The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京卷)5In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purp