高考英语(5年高考-3年模拟)-省一等奖课件：专题-名词与冠词.pptx

1、专题一名词与冠词考点一名词及名词辨析考点一名词及名词辨析1.(2018天津夏,6)The that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A.adviceB.orderC.possibilityD.invitation五年高考答案答案 C句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命,这一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。考查名词辨析。根据句意可知选possibility可能性。advice建议;order命令;invitation邀请。

2、2.(2018天津春,9)Can we stop the of the worlds deserts and save the land that man depends so much on?A.lossB.heatC.spreadD.defence答案答案 C句意:我们能阻止世界荒漠的蔓延并且保护人类赖以生存的土地吗?考查名词辨析。由句意可知此处意为“蔓延”,故选spread。loss损失,丢失;heat热,温度,高温;defence辩护,防御。3.(2018江苏,32)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting

3、 on the youve made.A.assignmentB.associationC.acquisitionD.assumption答案答案 D句意:努力去弄明白实际上正在发生的事,而不是根据自己的假设采取行动。考查名词辨析。assumption 假定,假设;符合语境。assignment 任务;作业。association 协会;联合。acquisition(知识、技能等的)获得;得到。4.(2017天津春,7)The newspaper gave an accurate of what happened the night before last.A.exampleB.display

4、C.signalD.account答案答案 D句意:报纸对前天晚上发生的事情进行了准确的报道。give an account of sth.对进行描述,对进行报道。5.(2016天津,10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight of rain later tonight.A.effectB.senseC.changeD.chance答案答案 D句意:天气预报说今夜晚些时候天气将转阴,降雨的可能性不大。考查名词辨析。chance可能性;effect效果;sense意识;change变化。6.(2016浙江,4)It i

5、s important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect your .A.conditionB.incomeC.creditD.status答案答案 C句意:按时交电费很重要,因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。考查名词辨析。credit信用,信誉;condition条件,状况;income收入;status地位,身份。7.(2016江苏,24)Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?Living every day to the full,

6、definitely.A.recipe B.recordC.rangeD.receipt答案答案 A句意:你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗?确切地说,就是充实地度过每一天。考查名词辨析。recipe秘诀,诀窍;record记录;range范围;receipt收据。8.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.A.productionB.stressC.energyD.power答案答案 B句意:减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈

7、谈感受。本题考查名词词义辨析。A:产量,生产;B:压力;C:能源,精力;D:力量,权力。根据句意可知答案选B。9.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to make in agreement with the national soccer re-form.A.judgmentsB.adjustmentsC.comments D.achievements答案答案 B句意:有些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。本题考查名词词义辨析。adjustment调整;judgment评判;comment评论;achievement成就。根据句意可知选B项。1

8、0.(2015江苏,35)Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my .A.requestsB.excusesC.apologiesD.regrets答案答案 C句意:Dave,去向你妈妈道歉。我想去,但是恐怕她对我的道歉并不会感到满意。本题考查名词词义辨析。request要求;excuse借口;apology道歉;regret后悔,遗憾。根据句意可知选C。11.(2015湖北,22)He gave himself a new name to hide his when

9、 he went to carry out the se-cret task.A.emotionB.talentC.identityD.treasure答案答案 C句意:在去执行秘密任务的时候,为隐藏自己的身份,他给自己取了一个新名字。考查名词辨析。emotion情感;talent天才;identity身份;treasure珍宝,宝物。根据语境可知答案为C项。12.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some and then let me know.A.thoughtB.supportC.protect

10、ionD.authority答案答案 A句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案,思考一下然后再让我知道。本题考查名词辨析。A:思考;B:支持;C:保护;D:权威。故选A项。13.(2015福建,24)The failure was a big to him,but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A.blowB.issueC.excuseD.factor答案答案 A句意:这次失败对他来说是个很大的打击,但他并未气馁,很快他就又像以前一样充满了热情。本题考查名词辨析。A:打击;B:问题;C:借口;D:因素。故选A。14

11、.(2014天津,3)Wind is now the worlds fastest growing of power.A.sourceB.senseC.resultD.root答案答案 A句意:风能是当今世界上增长最快的能源。本题考查名词辨析。A:来源,根源;B:感官,意识;C:结果;D:根部。根据句意可知,本题答案为A。15.(2014湖北,21)Her for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher educa-tion.A.talentB.motivationC.qualificationD.technique答

12、案答案 B句意:她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。考查名词辨析。tal-ent天赋;motivation动机;qualification资格,限定条件;technique技术,技巧。B项符合句意。16.(2014湖北,22)When Richard said,“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”Joans face turned red at the unexpected .A.contributionB.complimentC.comparisonD.command答案答案 B句意:当Richard说“你现在更讨人喜欢,

13、更漂亮了”的时候,Joan的脸由于这意想不到的称赞变红了。考查名词辨析。contribution贡献;compliment称赞,恭维;comparison比较,对比;command命令,要求。B项符合句意。17.(2014安徽,29)Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good .A.sayingB.questionC.suggestionD.account答案答案 C句意:如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手车呢?那是个不错的建议。考查名词

14、辨析。A:格言,谚语;B:问题;C:建议;D:账户。根据句意可知选C。18.(2014江苏,27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in last years election.A.symbolB.portraitC.identityD.statue答案答案 A句意:两年前她被软禁,但是在去年的选举中她仍然是一位影响力强大的代表人物。本题考查名词辨析。symbol:someone or something that represents a particular quality or ide

15、a(某一特性或思想的)代表,代表性的人(或物),符合语境。B:肖像;C:身份;D:雕像。19.(2014浙江,6)We most prefer to say yes to the of someone we know and like.A.attemptsB.requestsC.doubtsD.promises答案答案 B句意:我们大多数情况下更喜欢答应我们所认识并喜欢的人的请求。此题考查名词辨析。根据句意可知选B,request请求。A:尝试;C:怀疑;D:承诺,均不符合句意。20.(2014福建,26)Could you tell me the of making such tasty c

16、akes?Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick答案答案 D句意:你能告诉我做这么好吃的蛋糕的诀窍吗?哦,我只不过是按照烹饪书里的说明做的。本题考查名词辨析。feature特征;plan 计划;cost费用;trick诀窍。根据句意可知答案为D项。考点二冠词考点二冠词1.(2016浙江,2)prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris.A.The;不填B.A;不填C.A;theD.The

17、;a答案答案 D 句意:比赛获胜者的奖励是在巴黎度假两周。考查冠词。prize被介词短语for the winner of the competition所限定,表示特指,故第一空应用the;第二空表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。2.(2015重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.A.the;/B.a;/C.the;aD.a;the答案答案 C句意:我刚听说Dora工作的那家银行遭到了一名戴面具的持枪人抢劫。考查冠词。第一个空后的名词特指Dora工作的那家银行,应该用定冠词the;第二个

18、空表示泛指,应该用不定冠词a。故选C项。3.(2015浙江,2)Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.A.a;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.a;the答案答案 D句意:多年以来,简的外祖母本来想写一本儿童读物,但是这样或那样的事情总是阻碍她的计划。本题考查冠词。第一空表泛指,用不定冠词a;第二空是冠词在固定搭配中的应用,in the way意为“妨碍”。故答案选D。4.(2014天津,8)Life i

19、s like ocean:Only strong-willed can reach the other shore.A.an;theB.the;aC.the;/D./;a答案答案 A句意:生活就像一片海洋,只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。本题考查冠词。第一空考查可数名词单数与不定冠词连用表泛指。“the+形容词”表示一类人,所以第二空用定冠词。5.(2014重庆,6)I cant tell you way to the Wilsons because we dont have Wilson here in the village.A.the;aB.a;/C.a;theD.the;/答案答案

20、A句意:我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路,因为我们村里没有姓威尔逊的。本题考查冠词。第一个空表示特指,故用定冠词;第二个空的不定冠词用于某人姓名前,泛指“一个姓/叫的人”。6.(2014浙江,2)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days week,often long into night.A.a;theB.the;不填C.a;aD.不填;the答案答案 A句意:论文下个月就要上交了。我现在每周工作七天,经常工作到深夜。此题考查冠词的用法。第一空的不定冠词相当于one;第二空是冠词的固定搭配long into the night。

21、A A组组 2016201820162018年高考模拟年高考模拟基础题组基础题组时间:14分钟分值:21分1.(2018天津河西区三模,4)More than one thousand high school students practised yoga in the school playground to relieve of the coming exam.A.pressure B.disagreement C.courage D.emotion答案答案 A句意:一千多名高中生在学校操场上练习瑜伽以缓解即将到来的考试的压力。考查名词辨析。pressure“压力”符合句意。disagre

22、ement分歧,意见不合,不一致;courage勇气;emotion情感。三年模拟2.(2018天津河西区二模,2)No matter what you do,you should put your into it.A.mindB.heartC.brainD.thought答案答案 B句意:不管你做什么,你都应该全身心投入。put ones heart into全身心投入,故选B。3.(2018天津和平区一模,2)Jims car crashed yesterday.Yes,but he had the good to escape injury when it happened.A.memo

23、ryB.conditionC.impressionD.fortune答案答案 D句意:吉姆的车昨天撞了。是的,但他很幸运在碰撞过程中没有受伤。考查名词辨析。fortune幸运;memory记忆;condition状态,状况;impression印象。4.(2018天津部分区高三质调一,2)The police recognized the criminal from his typical facial a scar on the forehead.A.expressionB.featureC.outlineD.gesture答案答案 B句意:警察从罪犯典型的面部特征认出了他。他前额上有一道伤

24、疤。考查名词辨析。feature特征,特点;expression表情;outline轮廓;gesture手势,姿势,姿态。5.(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联,6)Jane realized her to become the first woman to run the 10,000 metres within 30 minutes.A.achievementB.commitmentC.competitionD.ambition答案答案 D句意:简实现了她成为第一个在30分钟内跑完10,000米的女性的理想。考查名词辨析。ambition追求,夙愿,理想;achievement成就;co

25、mmitment承诺,投入;competition竞争,比赛。6.(2018天津南开中学4月月考,1)Our city has area of 20,000 square kilometers,sec-ond only to the largest city in our province.A.a;theB.the;/C.an;/D./;the答案答案 C句意:我市面积20,000平方千米,仅次于我省最大的城市。have an area of“拥有的面积”为习惯搭配;second only to“仅次于”为固定搭配。故选C。7.(2018天津市第一中学下学期第四次月考,2)My cousin

26、has decided to pursue career in music after his college graduation though his parents dont agree with decision.A./;theB.a;theC.a;aD.a;/答案答案 B句意:我表哥决定大学毕业后从事音乐事业,尽管他的父母不同意这个决定。考查冠词。第一空处泛指“一项事业”,且career是以辅音音素开头的词,故用不定冠词a;第二空特指“大学毕业后从事音乐事业”这一决定,故用定冠词the。8.(2018天津市第一中学五月月考,1)What about the party last ni

27、ght?It was great success.I think its great pity that you didnt attend it.A./;theB.a;aC./;aD.a;the答案答案 B句意:昨晚的聚会怎么样?它办得很成功。我觉得你没参加很遗憾。考查冠词。a success为抽象名词具体化,意为“一件成功的事/一个成功的人”;Its a great pity that.“很遗憾”为固定句式;故答案为B。9.(2017天津红桥区二模,2)I often have chat with my friends on phone in my spare time.A.a;the B.

28、the;/C.the;theD.a;/答案答案 A句意:业余时间我经常和朋友们在电话里聊天。考查冠词。第一空have a chat with sb.为习惯搭配;第二空on the phone也为习惯搭配,故答案为A。10.(2017天津十二所重点中学一模,5)Health care workers are at the risk of getting infectious dis-eases because of their to patients.A.exposureB.discriminationC.guidanceD.response答案答案 A句意:医护人员因接触病人而有被感染疾病的风

29、险。考查名词辨析。exposure暴露;discrimination歧视;guidance指导,引导;response反应,回答,答复。11.(2017天津和平区一模,2)If you want to see a doctor,you fix a date with him ahead of time.That is a common in the USA.A.viewB.exerciseC.practiceD.reality答案答案 C句意:如果你想去看医生,你要提前和他约定日期。那在美国是一种惯例。common practice“普遍的做法,惯例”。12.(2017天津河东区一模,6)In

30、 2013,Beijing adopted an emergency program for air pollu-tion.A.behaviorB.actionC.responseD.situation答案答案 C句意:在2013年,北京通过了空气污染应急响应计划。emergency response应急响应。13.(2017天津河西区一模,2)Usually the Player of the Year title is given to a big name from the best team.But this time there is a(n).A.breakB.improvemen

31、tC.exceptionD.tradition答案答案 C句意:通常情况下“年度最佳球员”这一头衔会给最好球队中的大牌球员,但是这一次却是个例外。由Usually及But可知选C。exception一般情况以外的人(或事物),例外。14.(2016天津河西区三调,2)When the captain found the ship was rapidly sinking,he ordered his men to send out a for help.A.signalB.sign C.symbolD.signature答案答案 A句意:当船长发现船在迅速下沉时,他命令手下发出求救信号。考查名词

32、辨析。signal信号,符合语境。sign符号,手势;symbol象征;signature签名,签字,署名。15.(2016天津十二区县一联,10)Our class held a fierce as to whether to reduce the amount of homework or not.A.bargainB.contestC.debateD.campaign答案答案 C句意:我们班就是否要减少作业量这一问题展开了激烈的辩论。考查名词。debate“辩论”符合语境。bargain交易;contest竞赛;campaign战役,运动。16.(2016天津十二区县二联,2)You r

33、eally ought to make most of the opportunity,because you wont get second chance.A.the;aB./;aC./;theD.the;the答案答案 A句意:你确实应该充分利用这一次机会,因为你将不会再有第二次机会了。考查冠词。第一空:make the most of“充分利用”为固定短语;第二空:在序数词前加不定冠词,表“又一,再一”之意。17.(2016江苏淮安高三信息卷,31)The job market has changed and our to finding work must change as well

34、.A.assumptionB.methodC.approachD.situation答案答案 C句意:就业市场已经发生了改变,我们找工作的方法也必须改变。考查名词辨析。approach“方法”,常与to搭配,符合语境。method方法,措施,常与of搭配;assumption假设;situa-tion情况,形势。18.(2016 浙江高考压轴卷,4)The factories are staying open all the weekend to try to meet the cus-tomers for this product.A.principleB.standardC.pressur

35、eD.demand答案答案 D句意:为了满足顾客对这种产品的需求,这些工厂整个周末都开着。考查名词辨析。meet ones demand for sth.“满足某人对某物的需求”,故选D。19.(2016浙江杭州学军中学五月模拟,17)When you talk about a persons ,you are refer-ring to the country,race,or social class of their parents or ancestors.A.originB.nationalityC.generationD.relation答案答案 A句意:当你说起一个人的出身时,你在

36、指他们父母及祖先的国家、种族以及社会等级。考查名词。origin“出身”符合语境。nationality 国籍;generation代,一代;relation关系,联系,亲戚。20.(2016江苏淮安高三信息卷,29)Nonetheless,I hope that our combined efforts help bring about positive change to rules and regulations that govern our online .A.deedsB.mannersC.conductD.attitude答案答案 C句意:尽管如此,我仍然希望我们共同的努力会有助

37、于给规范我们在网上的行为的规章制度带来积极的变化。考查名词辨析。conduct“(人在某地或某种情况下的)行为,举止”符合语境。deed事迹;manners礼貌,礼仪;attitude态度。21.(2016江苏苏锡常镇二模,31)The of severe punishments plays a major role in the grow-ing road safety problem.A.presenceB.absenceC.existenceD.evidence答案答案 B句意:缺乏严厉的惩罚措施在日益突显的道路安全问题上起着重要的作用。考查名词。presence存在;absence缺乏

38、;existence存在;evidence证据。由句意可知选B。B B组组 2016201820162018年高考模拟年高考模拟综合题组综合题组时间:18分钟分值:25分1.(2018天津十二校二联,6)We have been making furniture for over 100 years,and have a world-wide for quality.A.contributionB.qualificationC.reputationD.institution答案答案 C句意:我们生产家具已有100多年的历史,因质量而在世界范围内享有盛誉。考查名词辨析。reputation名声,

39、名誉;contribution贡献;qualification资格;institution制度,制定。2.(2018天津河东区一模,2)In recent years,Chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside China.A.reputationB.enjoymentC.appreciationD.entertainment答案答案 C句意:近年来,中国艺术赢得了许多国外人士的赞赏。考查名词辨析。appreciation欣赏;reputation名誉,名声;enjoyment享受,乐趣;entertainment娱乐。3.(201

40、8天津南开中学4月月考,10)Its stressed that measures to control the house price will be high on the of the government.A.altitudeB.agencyC.agendaD.accommodation答案答案 C句意:需要强调的是采取措施控制房价是政府的当务之急。be high on the agenda是当务之急,是最重要的待办事项。4.(2018天津市第一中学下学期第四次月考,8)Some experts fear that too-early to com-puters will have h

41、armful consequences for childrens development.A.exposureB.extensionC.exhibitionD.expansion答案答案 A句意:一些专家担心过早接触电脑会对孩子的成长产生有害的影响。考查名词辨析。exposure暴露,接触;extension延长,延伸,延期;exhibition展览;expansion扩大,扩张。5.(2018天津南开区三模,1)It is widely accepted that the stock market usually reflects a countrys economic .A.functi

42、on B.performance C.cooperation D.dependence答案答案 B句意:人们普遍认为,股市通常反映一个国家的经济状况。考查名词辨析。perfor-mance“表现”符合句意。function功能,作用;cooperation合作;dependence依赖,依靠。6.(2018天津和平区二模,1)The development of industry has been gradual process throughout human existence,from stone tools to modern technology.A./;theB.the;aC.a;

43、/D.a;a答案答案 C句意:从石器到现代科技,工业的发展是一个贯穿人类生存的渐进过程。考查冠词。第一空泛指“一个过程”,故用不定冠词;human existence“人类生存”为泛指的抽象概念,故不用冠词。答案为C。7.(2018天津耀华中学二模,1)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for new Tianjin.A./;a B./;the C.the;a D.the;the答案答案 A句意:来这儿的游客都对各行各业的

44、人们正在努力为一个全新的天津而奋斗的事实印象深刻。考查冠词。第一空:people from all walks of life“来自各行各业的人们”,此处people为泛指,故其前不加任何冠词;第二空:Tianjin前有形容词new,泛指“一个全新的天津”,故需用不定冠词。答案为A。8.(2018江苏扬州、南通、徐州等市三模,21)Elizabeth shows great in her choice of friends,so she has a lot of trustworthy companions.A.comprehensionB.discriminationC.determinat

45、ionD.consideration答案答案 B句意:伊丽莎白在选择朋友上有着很强的辨别力,所以她有很多值得信赖的同伴。考查名词辨析。discrimination鉴别力,辨别力,识别力;comprehension理解,理解力;determination决心,决定;consideration考虑。9.(2018江苏南京一模,3)Father always instructs me to do kind acts and bring more joy into the world around us.Thats great.Small can often create huge blessings

46、.A.gesturesB.impactsC.schemesD.concepts答案答案 A句意:父亲总是教导我做善事,给我们周围的世界带去更多的快乐。好极了。小小的举动往往能带来巨大的幸运。考查名词辨析。gesture表示,姿态,举动;impact作用,影响;scheme规划,方案;concept观念,概念。10.(2018江苏姜堰、溧阳、前黄高三联考,24)Chinas BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,whose positioning will reach 2.5 metres by 2020,will soon provide services to

47、 more coun-tries.A.accuracyB.categoryC.functionD.reference答案答案 A句意:中国北斗卫星导航系统的定位精度到2020年将达到2.5米。它将很快向更多的国家提供服务。考查名词辨析。accuracy精确度,准确性;category种类,类别;function功能,作用;reference参考。11.(2017天津十二所重点中学二模,10)Although war still exists on our planet,I do believe its possible for different ethnic groups to live t

48、ogether in .A.agreementB.harmonyC.connectionD.comparison答案答案 B句意:尽管我们的星球上依然存在战争,但是我坚信不同种族之间是能和谐相处的。live together in harmony融洽相处。12.(2017天津南开区二模,1)Unfortunately,stone hit him on head and he got in-jured.A.the;a B.a;/C.a;the D.the;the 答案答案 C句意:不幸的是,一块石头击中了他的头部,他受伤了。考查冠词。第一空表泛指,用不定冠词a;第二空on the head为习惯

49、搭配,用定冠词the。故答案为C。13.(2017天津河西区二模,3)I prefer writing letters to talking on phone.A.the;a B./;the C.the;the D./;a答案答案 B句意:和打电话相比,我更喜欢写信。考查冠词。第一空write letters为固定搭配,不用冠词;第二空on the phone也为习惯搭配。14.(2017天津南开区三模,11)It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made lit-tle .A.useB.goodC.diff

50、erenceD.result答案答案 C句意:这对他来说是件困难的事。他尝试了各种方法,但收效甚微。考查名词辨析。make little difference“没多大的区别”为固定结构。类似的还有make no difference没有影响;make a difference有影响,起(重要)作用。15.(2017天津河东区一模,2)This is our contribution to world of the 21st century,world of independence and mutual understanding.A.the;a B./;aC.a;theD.the;/答案答案