高考英语(5年高考-3年模拟)-省一等奖课件：专题4-介词和介词短语.pptx

1、专题四介词和介词短语考点一介词辨析考点一介词辨析1.(2018北京,14)Good morning,Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.A.forB.onC.inD.at五年高考答案答案 A句意:早上好,这里是Lee先生的办公室。早上好,我想预约下周三下午的见面。本题考查介词的用法。题干中的时间状语next Wednesday afternoon前面通常不接表时间的介词,因此on,in,at都不符合,appointment for.在此处表示“的预约”。2.(20

2、17天津夏,12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.A.amongB.againstC.behindD.below答案答案 A句意:当你驾车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时,你会置身于寿命超过1,000年的树木当中。本题考查介词辨析。根据句意可知,你置身于大量的树木当中,应用among“在之中”表示。against“反对”,behind“在后面”,below“在下面”。3.(2017北京,35)Many people who

3、live along the coast make a living fishing industry.A.atB.inC.onD.by答案答案 B句意:很多居住在沿海的人都从事捕鱼业谋生。本题考查介词。根据句意,in在此处表示“从事或影响某种工作”,符合语义,故选择B项。4.(2016浙江,7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic process-es by which we see the world around us.A.onB.inC.atD.about答案答案 B句意:这项研究表明我们

4、成长的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本过程。考查介词。句中that引导的是宾语从句,we grow up 为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,根据其先行词the cultures可知此处应用in。5.(2015重庆,10)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 the average.A.belowB.onC.atD.above答案答案 D 句意:去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年,全球气温超过了平均气温0.68摄氏度。考查介词辨析。根据语境可知此处表示“在之上,高于”,所以要用介词abov

5、e。6.(2015陕西,12)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.A.onB.byC.inD.at答案答案 B句意:那个小学生挽着奶奶的手臂带她穿过了马路。本题考查介词辨析。take sb.by the arm“挽着某人的手臂”,故选B项。7.(2015福建,22)A common memory they all have their schooldays is the school uniform.A.of B.on C.toD.with答案答案 A句意:他们对学生时代的共同记忆

6、是校服。本题考查介词。of用于说明动作的名词之后,表示动作的对象,符合题意。8.(2014江西,33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life his great wealth.A.withoutB.despiteC.inD.to答案答案 B句意:令人难以置信的是,尽管很富有,Lucas先生依然过着简朴的生活。本题考查介词词义辨析。without 没有;despite 尽管;in 在里面;to 向,到,往。根据句意可知B为答案。9.(2014重庆,7)She drove so fast at the turn that the c

7、ar almost went the road.A.onB.alongC.fromD.off答案答案 D句意:她在转弯处开得如此之快,以至于车差点偏离车道。本题考查介词。on 在上;along 沿着;from从起;off 离开,偏离。根据句意可知答案为D。10.(2014北京,23)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour.A.byB.inC.forD.until答案答案 B句意:简很着急,因为去机场的火车半小时后就发车了。本题考查介词辨析。“in+一段时间”用于表示将来的句子中,意为“在之后

8、”。by相当于not later than,表示“不迟于”;“for+一段时间”通常用于过去时或完成时;until直到为止。11.(2014陕西,14)The Scottish girl blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.A.byB.ofC.inD.with答案答案 D句意:在第五届汉语演讲大赛中,那位长着一双蓝眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。考查介词的用法。由句意可知,此处应用with表示“具有”。故选择D项。12.(2014大纲全国,29)September 30 is the day whic

9、h you must pay your bill.A.byB.forC.withD.in答案答案 A句意:9月30日是你付账单的最后期限。表示“在之前”,应用介词by。故选A项。考点二介词短语辨析考点二介词短语辨析1.(2018天津夏,11)Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went .A.at firstB.after allC.above allD.at random答案答案 B句意:由于得写一份报告,鲍勃原以为自己参加不了那场聚会了,但是他最后还是去参加了。本题考查

10、介词短语辨析。根据句意可知选B。after all=in spite of what you thought was true or expected to happen还是,终究。at first起初,当初;above all首先;at random随便地,任意地。2.(2018江苏,33)Chinas soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A.in line withB.in reply toC.in return forD.in honour of答案答案 A句意:

11、中国软实力的增长是与全球对中国不断增长的欣赏和理解紧密相连的。考查介词短语。in line with与相似;与紧密相连。符合语境。in reply to答复。in return for作为回报。in honour of 为向表示敬意。3.(2017天津夏,13)We offer an excellent education to our students.,we expect students to work hard.A.On averageB.At bestC.In returnD.After all答案答案 C句意:我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们希望学生能够努力学习。本题

12、考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知,设空处的意思为“作为回报”,应选择C项。on aver-age平均来看,at best至多,充其量,after all毕竟。4.(2017天津春,6)I still have a few sweet memories of my childhood;,I remember times when I explored caves in the mountains with my friends.A.in turnB.by chanceC.in particularD.by contrast答案答案 C句意:我对孩提时代依然拥有一些甜蜜的回忆。我尤其记得和朋友们一起

13、在山洞中探险的时刻。考查介词短语。in turn依次,轮流,反过来又;by chance偶然;by contrast相比之下;in particular特别,尤其。5.(2017江苏,32)Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A.in contrast toB.in defense ofC.in face ofD.in relation to答案答案 D句意:通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的重要技能。本题考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知,应

14、选择in relation to“相对于而言”。in contrast to“和相比”,in defense of“为辩护”,in(the)face of“面临”。6.(2016天津,2)The dictionary is :many words have been added to the language since it was published.A.out of controlB.out of dateC.out of sightD.out of reach答案答案 B 句意:这本词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这种语言已经添加了许多单词。考查介词短语。out of date过时,符合句

15、意。out of control失控;out of sight看不见;out of reach够不着。7.(2016浙江,6)That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help.,hes reliable.A.Or elseB.In shortC.By the wayD.For one thing答案答案 B句意:那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神,当你需要他帮忙的时候,他总是在那儿。简言之,他是可以信赖的。考查介词短语。in short 简言之;or else否则,不然;by the way顺便提一下,顺便

16、问一下;for one thing一则。8.(2015浙江,10)Most people work because its unavoidable.,there are some people who actually enjoy work.A.As a resultB.In additionC.By contrastD.In conclusion答案答案 C句意:大多数人工作是因为那是不可避免的,相比之下,还有一些人是真的喜欢工作。本题考查介词短语。A:结果;B:另外,而且;C:相比之下,对比而言;D:总之。根据句意可知答案选C。9.(2015浙江,17)These comments cam

17、e specific questions often asked by local newsmen.A.in memory ofB.in response toC.in touch withD.in possession of答案答案 B句意:对于当地新闻记者常常问起的特定问题,这些评论正好做出了回复。本题考查介词短语。A:为了纪念;B:作为对的答复;C:与保持联系;D:拥有,占有。根据句意可知答案选B。10.(2015江苏,34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around Thomas Edison.A.thanks

18、toB.regardless ofC.aside fromD.but for答案答案 D句意:要不是托马斯爱迪生,许多现在让我们获益的东西都不会存在。本题考查介词短语辨析。thanks to多亏;regardless of不管,不顾;aside from除以外;but for要不是。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知选D。11.(2015湖北,30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would be fined.A.in advanceB.in d

19、etailC.in totalD.in general答案答案 A句意:这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你如果在这儿吸烟的话你会被罚款的。考查介词短语辨析。in advance提前,事先;in detail详细地;in total总共;in general总体上。根据语境可知答案为A项。12.(2015安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developments that will bring a lot of changes for the better.A.out of dateB.out of orderC.around the clo

20、ckD.around the corner答案答案 D句意:他们相信交通的发展就要到来了,这将会带来很多更好的变化。本题考查介词短语辨析。A.过时;B.杂乱无章;C.夜以继日;D.就要到来。故选D项。13.(2015福建,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to sur-vive is to live nature.A.in view ofB.in need ofC.in touch withD.in harmony with答案答案 D句意:人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分,严格

21、说来,我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。本题考查介词短语。A:鉴于,考虑到;B:需要;C:和取得联系;D:与协调。14.(2014天津,6)the school,the village has a clinic,which was also built with government support.A.In reply toB.In addition toC.In charge ofD.In place of答案答案 B句意:除了学校以外,这个村庄还有一个诊所,它也是在政府的支持下建造的。本题考查介词短语辨析。根据句意,此题选B,意思是“除了以外(还)”。15.(2014江西,25)St

22、arting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.,it could just put you in debt.A.In other wordsB.All in allC.As a resultD.On the other hand答案答案 D句意:创建自己的公司可能是你获得经济独立的一个途径。但另一方面,它也可能会让你负债累累。本题考查介词短语辨析。on the other hand另一方面;in other words 换句话说;all in all 总之;as a result 结果。根

23、据句意可知,答案为D项。16.(2014浙江,18)Theres no reason to be disappointed.,this could be rather amusing.A.Above allB.As a resultC.In additionD.As a matter of fact答案答案 D句意:没有理由失望。事实上,这件事非常有趣。此题考查介词短语辨析。根据句意选D,意为“事实上”。A:最重要的是;B:结果;C:另外。17.(2014福建,22)Our club is open to everyone age,sex or educational background.A

24、.due toB.except forC.along withD.regardless of答案答案 D句意:我们的俱乐部对所有人开放,不分年龄、性别和教育背景。本题考查介词短语辨析。due to由于;except for除了以外;along with和一起;regardless of不管,不顾。根据句意可知答案为D项。三年模拟A A组组 2016201820162018年高考模拟年高考模拟基础题组基础题组时间:16分钟分值:23分1.(2018天津河东区一模,6)It was nice and warm that evening.I stayed awake until eleven in

25、order to have a good look at the moon by myself.A.on averageB.on purposeC.on businessD.on time答案答案 B句意:那天晚上天气很温暖,我故意熬到11点,就是为了独自看一看月亮。考查介词短语辨析。on purpose故意地;on average 平均;on business出差;on time按时,准时。2.(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联,4)A grand banquet was held by Elizabeth Pres-ident Xis current state visit to the

26、 UK.A.in terms ofB.in honor ofC.in favor ofD.in memory of答案答案 B句意:伊丽莎白二世为习近平主席此次对英国的国事访问举行了盛大的宴会。考查介词短语辨析。in honor of为了纪念;in terms of就而言;in favor of赞成/支持(某人或某事物);in memory of作为对某人的纪念。3.(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考,18)he was 12,Einstein had learned ad-vanced mathematics by himself.A.The first timeB.At the t

27、imeC.By the timeD.During the time答案答案 C句意:到他12岁时,爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。考查介词短语。由主句使用的是过去完成时可知,此处应使用by介词短语(到时为止,常和完成时连用)。the first time第一次(做的时候);at the time在那时,当时;during the time在期间。4.(2018天津南开中学4月月考,9)Why does he always look unhappy?Hes very successful in every aspect.It is wrong to try to judge happiness wo

28、rldly success.A.in terms ofB.in honor ofC.in case ofD.in spite of答案答案 A句意:为什么他总是看起来很不高兴?他在各个方面都很成功。试图用世俗的成功来判断幸福是错误的。考查介词短语。in terms of“根据来解释(描述)”符合语境。in honor of为了向表示敬意;in case of假使,如果;in spite of虽然,尽管,不顾。5.(2018天津高考压轴卷,8)Star skater Wu Dajing won Chinas first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Oly

29、mpic Winter Games breaking the world record in short track mens 500m.A.toB.byC.withD.in答案答案 B句意:明星溜冰选手武大靖在2018年平昌冬季奥运会上赢得了中国第一枚金牌,打破了男子500米短道速滑的世界纪录。by doing sth.“凭借/通过做某事”,为固定搭配。根据句意可知选B。6.(2018天津红桥区3月模拟,3)I agree to his suggestion condition that he drops all charges.A.onB.inC.byD.to答案答案 A句意:我同意他的建

30、议,条件是他撤销所有的指控。考查介词。on condition that“条件是”,为固定表达。7.(2018北京西城区一模,14)Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential putting too much pressure on them.A.withoutB.besidesC.byD.for答案答案 A句意:父母需要鼓励孩子们去发展他们的潜能,不要在他们身上施加太多的压力。考查介词。由前面的“鼓励孩子”可知,后面应该否定“施加压力”,without意为“没有”,符合语境。without doing sth.没有做某事

31、,故答案为A。8.(2018北京东城区一模,13)Electric cars produce about 80 percent less pollution than cars gas-powered motors.A.fromB.byC.forD.with 答案答案 D句意:与燃油汽车相比电动汽车可减少80%的污染。考查介词。此处表示“装有”,需用介词with。9.(2018北京朝阳区一模,8)Your red coat looks so good.It stands out clearly the snow.A.acrossB.againstC.throughD.over答案答案 B句意:

32、你的红色外套看上去非常好。它在雪的映衬下显得格外醒目。考查介词。against以为背景,衬托;across横穿;through 穿过;over超过,在的上方。根据句意可知选B。10.(2018江苏扬州、南通、徐州等市三模,33)The new system introduced last month is not work-ing very effectively professional training.A.in place ofB.in case ofC.in terms ofD.in defense of答案答案 C句意:上个月引进的新体系,在职业培训方面并不太有效。考查介词短语。in

33、 terms of“就而言”符合语境。in place of代替;in case of假使,如果;in defense of为辩护,为保卫。11.(2018江苏姜堰、溧阳、前黄高三联考,33)Does this T-shirt fit you well?Not so perfect,but a little tight the shoulders.A.atB.onC.toD.across答案答案 D句意:这件T恤很合身吗?不是太完美,肩部有点紧。考查介词。across“在(身体某部位)上”,符合语境,故为答案。12.(2018北京101中学三月月考,15)Just hang the towel

34、 the back of the chair so that it will dry soon.A.overB.behindC.withD.from答案答案 A 句意:把毛巾挂在椅背上,这样它很快就会晾干。考查介词。over在上面;be-hind在后面;with用,随着;from来自。此处表示“在椅背上面”,故选A。13.(2017天津红桥区二模,6)It seems a little ugly to me.,I think its rather beautiful.A.In other wordsB.On the other hand C.On the contrary D.In a nut

35、shell答案答案 C句意:这对我来说有点难看。恰恰相反,我觉得它相当漂亮。考查介词短语辨析。on the contrary(与此)相反,正相反;in other words换句话说;on the other hand另一方面;in a nutshell简而言之。14.(2017天津十二所重点中学二模,13)Simply raise your hand,and a taxi appears .A.at no timeB.at one timeC.in no timeD.for the time being答案答案 C 句意:只是举起你的手,一辆出租车会立即出现。考查介词短语辨析。in no t

36、ime=soon马上,立即;at no time从未;at one time曾经,一度;for the time being暂时。15.(2017北京海淀区一模,23)Your attitude life determines how happy or unhappy you are.A.towardsB.withC.onD.for答案答案 A句意:你对生活的态度决定你是多么快乐或多么不快乐。考查介词辨析。attitude to/towards对的态度。16.(2017北京海淀区二模,31)With the development of economy,our income has incre

37、ased 10%in less than a year.A.forB.byC.onD.at答案答案 B 句意:随着经济的发展,我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增长了10%。考查介词辨析。by表示数量的增减程度。for为了;on有关;at(用于速度、比率等)以,达。17.(2017天津和平区一模,4)The debate here will be limited in two main respects,the time available.A.in view ofB.in return forC.in addition toD.in comparison with答案答案 A句意:鉴于可用的时间,

38、这里的辩论将限定在两个主要方面。考查介词短语辨析。in view of鉴于,由于;in return for作为对的回报;in addition to除之外(还有);in compari-son with与相比较。18.(2016天津河西区三调,4)Id like several hundred books like this one.We may be ,but I can order some for you within two days.A.in storeB.out of control C.in shortD.out of stock答案答案 D句意:我想要几百本这样的书。我们可能

39、没存货了,但是两天内我可为你订购一些。考查介词短语辨析。out of stock“无现货的”符合句意。in store储备着;out of control失控;in short简言之。19.(2016北京西城区二模,33)I told you to keep the dog the bed.I dont want dog hair all over the bedspread.A.overB.alongC.towardsD.off答案答案 D句意:我告诉过你让狗离床远点。我不想床罩上到处是狗毛。考查介词。keep sb./sth.off sb./sth.使不接近(或不接触、远离)某人/事物。2

40、0.(2016江苏高考押题卷一,29)Most of the employers are planning to cut down on wages instead of laying off employees the economic depression.A.in defense ofB.with regard toC.on behalf ofD.in response to 答案答案 D句意:大多数老板计划削减工资而不是裁员以应对经济萧条。考查介词短语。A:为辩护;B:关于;C:代表;D:作为对的响应。根据句意,选D。21.(2016北京海淀区一模,31)At the bad news

41、,the woman put her hands her eyes and cried out.A.acrossB.overC.aboveD.between答案答案 B句意:一听到这个坏消息,这位女士就用手捂着眼睛哭了起来。考查介词。over“(部分或全部覆盖)在的上面”,符合语境,故选B。22.(2016江苏苏锡常镇二模,33)tourism,Ohio is a place full of natural beauty and many vacation spots worth visiting.A.On top ofB.In terms ofC.In spite ofD.On accoun

42、t of答案答案 B句意:就旅游业来讲,俄亥俄州是一个充满自然美和拥有许多值得一游的度假胜地的地方。考查介词短语辨析。in terms of“就而言”符合句意。on top of除之外;in spite of尽管;on account of由于。23.(2016浙江萧山四月模拟,9)large-scale construction of roads and highways,there is still much room for improvement because of the ever-increasing number of cars these years.A.In spite o

43、fB.Regardless ofC.By means ofD.On account of答案答案 A 句意:尽管在大规模地修建道路和高速公路,但是因为这些年小汽车数量的不断增加,改进的空间仍旧很大。考查介词短语。in spite of“尽管”符合句意,故选A。B:不管,不顾;C:用的方法,凭借;D:因为,由于。B B组组 2016201820162018年高考模拟年高考模拟综合题组综合题组时间:16分钟分值:23分1.(2018天津河西区一模,11)the culture gap and language differences,we still can under-stand each ot

44、her through our daily life.A.RegardingB.DespiteC.WithoutD.Considering答案答案 B句意:尽管有文化差距和语言差异,我们仍然可以通过我们的日常生活相互理解。考查介词。despite尽管,即使;regarding关于,至于;without没有,缺乏;considering考虑到。2.(2018天津部分区高三质量调查二,12)Harvard University takes in any outstanding student religion,color or background.A.in honor ofB.on accoun

45、t ofC.regardless ofD.in spite of答案答案 C句意:哈佛大学招收任何优秀的学生,无论宗教、肤色或背景。考查介词短语。re-gardless of“不管,不顾”符合语境。in honor of为了向表示敬意;on account of由于;in spite of虽然,尽管。3.(2018天津河北区二模,13)It is known that theory is based on practice and serves prac-tice.A.in needB.in returnC.in turnD.in place答案答案 C句意:众所周知,理论以实践为基础,反过来

46、又为实践服务。考查介词短语。in turn“反过来,转而”符合语境。in need在危难中,在危急中;in return作为报答;in place在正确位置,准备就绪。4.(2018天津市第一中学下学期第四次月考,9)A passer-by who happened to see the traffic acci-dent was taken to the police station to describe it .A.at leastB.in reliefC.at lengthD.on purpose答案答案 C句意:一位碰巧看到交通事故的路人被带到警察局详细地描述这起事故。考查介词短语。

47、at length“充分地,详尽地”符合语意,故为答案。at least至少;in relief如释重负,松了口气;on purpose故意地。5.(2018天津耀华中学二模,10)Body Mass Index,or BMI,is a measure of a persons weight height.A person with a BMI of twenty-five to twenty-nine is considered overweight.A.in view of B.in relation to C.in terms of D.in response to答案答案 B句意:身体

48、质量指数(BMI)是一个评判一个人体重与身高关系的标准。一个人的BMI指数在25到29之间时,被视为超重。考查介词短语。in terms of“就而言,在方面”;in view of考虑到,由于,鉴于;in relation to关于,和相比;in response to对做出反应,回应。6.(2018北京丰台区二模,15)What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant another?A.overB.ofC.fromD.for答案答案 A句意:你在选择饭馆时,主要考虑的因素是什么?over“比更好”,强调比较的概念,故选A。7.(20

49、18北京通州区四月模拟,14)The children have promised to give us a hand the packing.A.onB.forC.withD.in答案答案 C句意:孩子们答应帮我们收拾行李。考查介词。give sb.a hand“给予帮助,助某人一臂之力”;give sb.a hand with sth.意为“帮某人做某事”,with后跟名词,故选C。8.(2018北京丰台区一模,15)Its important for a girl to know what colors look good her skin.A.atB.onC.aboveD.agains

50、t答案答案 D句意:对一个女孩来说,知道什么颜色衬自己的皮肤很重要。考查介词。against“以为背景,衬托”符合语境,故选D。at(表示位置)在,在旁;on在上面;above在上方。9.(2018北京海淀区一模,13)Michael was happy that he had a roof his head when it rained.A.onB.overC.upD.around答案答案 B句意:迈克尔对下雨的时候能有栖身之所很满意。have a roof over ones head“有容身之地(栖身之所)”,故选B。10.(2018北京海淀区二模,15)This view is com