非谓语动词(语法课件)公开课.ppt（无音视频素材）

1、 非谓语动词非谓语动词 Non-Non-predicatepredicate VerbsVerbs高考语法复习系列高考语法复习系列 非谓语动词非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。用。首先，我们通过例句来回顾一下非谓语首先，我们通过例句来回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分在句中充当何种成分)：To obey law is everyon

2、es duty.Im preparing to take the examination.Her dream is to be a doctor.Ladies and gentlemen,I have something important to tell you.Teacher ask him to clean the blackboard.He came here to attend an important meeting.Playing football is my favorite sport.Mary is considering changing her job.Talking

3、to him is talking to a wall.I have a friend living in London.I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.Nobody was interested in the story he told.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)to do)过去分词过去分词(-ed)-ing-ing 分词分词-ed-ed 分词分词非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词的各种形式：（以动词非谓语动词的各种形式：（以动词do为例

4、）为例）主动主动被动被动一般一般完成完成进行进行一般一般完成完成不定式不定式分词分词to doto be doneto have doneto have been doneto be doingdoingbeing donehaving donehaving been done 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？作的先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在 非谓语表示的动作非谓语表示的动作 非谓语动词的形式

5、非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时与谓语表示的动作同时发生发生在谓语表示的动作之前在谓语表示的动作之前to do/to be done to do/to be done/to be doing;doing/being done;done;to have done/to have been done;having done/having been done非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？1.不

6、定式的时态与语态：不定式的时态与语态：1）一般式：）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。I saw him go out.I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.2）进行式：）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。不定式表示的动作正在进行。Im very glad to be working with you.3）完成式：）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前 Im sorry to have ke

7、pt you waiting.The article is said to have been read by many people.2.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态1）动名词的时态：）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式一般式和完成式如如doing的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。We are interested in _(play)chess.如如doing的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用完成式。前，通常用完成式。Im sorry for no

8、t _(keep)my promise.但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。语所表示的动作之前发生。On hearing the bad news,she cried.Ill never forget seeing that film for the first time.2）动名词的语态）动名词的语态 doing being done having done having been done He was afraid of _(leave)at home.Xu Benyu insisted on being sent

9、to the mountain area to serve the children there.3)现在分词的时态及语态：现在分词的时态及语态：分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后,doing用一用一般式，如发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式般式，如发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式having done。Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland,visitors can take a shuttle to the Lowland.But theme parks also try to make sure that visitors lea

10、ve knowing more about their theme.动名词的复合结构：动名词的复合结构：名词所有格名词所有格(Marys)/形容性物主代词（形容性物主代词（my）+动名动名 逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Toms(His)coming is what we have expected.She didnt mind Jack/Jacks(him/his)coming here.非谓语动词解题技巧非谓语

11、动词解题技巧1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2.非谓语动词：非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分二二.找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一.辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态（一）（一）分析句子结构分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt underst

12、and it.2 _many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldC_A注意连词注意连词3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.A.is B.to be C.beingD.It being E.It was F.beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，非

13、谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he tol

14、d his colleagues about it.一一般来说，作般来说，作状语状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作作宾补宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作作定语定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into co

15、nsideration,they ought to have another chance.（三）分析语态（三）分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动主动还是还是被动被动关系。关系。1.“You cant catch me!”Jane shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 2._ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the loca

16、l police.A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.LosingJane the two students（四）（四）分析时态分析时态1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C_B_D原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则

17、一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained如：如：She got up very early to catch up the first bus.2._ this cake，youll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.

18、Making to catch up the first bus.3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do.A.moved B.moving C.to move D.Being moved原则二：原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.-ing.inging形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to doto do作目的状语的区别：作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的作伴随状语的inging形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动

19、词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Write to the editor,_ that the editor would be able to help her（hope）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock(rest )3.The secretary worked late into nigh

20、t,_ a long speech.(prepare)4._ warm,we shut all the windows.(keep)preparingto resthopingTo keep,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-inging或不定式，其原则区别是，或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用一般用-inging，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5.The glass doors have taken the place

21、 of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day.（2007天津卷）天津卷）A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let 【解析解析 此处用此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。表示自然而然的结果。如：如：It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that place.大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since

22、the start of the year，_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.（2005山东卷）山东卷）A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching 8.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.（2006陕西卷）陕西卷）A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 7.He hurried to the station,only _ th

23、at the train had left.(2005广东卷广东卷)A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found【解析解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动式的被动式.9.The children talked so loudly

24、 at dinner table that I had to struggle _.（2007浙江卷）浙江卷）A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard【解析解析】根据句意，此处指的是根据句意，此处指的是“被听见被听见”，故要用被，故要用被 动式，因此动式，因此 可排除可排除 B 和和 C。另外，由于。另外，由于“设法被听见设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在为目的状语，动作在 当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。11.When she came in,she was surprised to find a

25、 stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her.A.seating;fixing B.to seat;fixing C.having seated;fixed D.seated;fixed10.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closed D.to ope

26、n and close【解析解析】of 后应接后应接-ing，desks 与与open and close 之间存在逻辑之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选，所以选-ing的被动式表正的被动式表正在被进行的动作。在被进行的动作。of a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.fix ones eyes upon=I was seated.I seated myself.=I sat down原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致.1

27、2.Faced with a bill for$10,000，_.（2006陕西卷）陕西卷）A.John has taken an extra job B.the boss has given John an extra job C.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has been given to John 13.While watching television，_.（2005全国卷全国卷III）A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring

28、D.we heard the doorbell rings【解析解析】因为因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和和 B；又因在；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式，的不定式，所以选项所以选项 D 中的中的 rings 是错误的。是错误的。watchingfaced with(be)faced with原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）的完成式）14._ fr

29、om other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.（2005湖北卷）湖北卷）A.Being separated B.Having separatedC.Having been separated D.to be separated 【解析解析】因为因为 Australia 与与 separate 是被动关系，且是被动关系，且 separate 发生在谓语动词发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用之

30、前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。的完成被动式作原因状语。15.The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us，left the meeting room.（2005江西卷）江西卷）A.who has made B.having made C.made D.making【解析解析】因为因为 The manager 与与 make 是主动关系，且是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语，的完成式作状语，having made.相当于相当于 who had ma

31、de.的意思。的意思。lefthas16.Li Ming is said _ abroad.Do you know what country Yes,In London.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studyinghe studied in?he will study in?he studies in?CABisSb is said to do 据说原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用用-ing-ing，表示动

32、作正在进行，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow.A.hold B.holding C.held D.to be held 18.There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.（2006上海卷）上海卷）A.

33、waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait the meeting the day after tomorrowvisitors19.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（2007湖南卷）湖南卷）A.lost B.losing C.to lost D.have lost 20.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!（2007全国全国I）A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving ThingsThe last onelose vt.lose sb/sth注：受注：受 the first，the second.the last 修饰修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。You are the second to make that mistake.你是第二个犯这错误的人。你是第二个犯这错误的人。