超级资源(共15套)通用版中考英语语法专题讲解汇总(含所有语法知识)课件.pptx

1、小魔方站作品小魔方站作品 盗版必究盗版必究目目 录录顺序与目录可能会有不同，请耐心寻找专题一 名词 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词词义辨析的考查主要为语境辨析。其中主要涉及同类名词语境辨析的考查,包括地点类、称呼类、身体部位类、物品类、颜色类、国家及地区类、饮食类等名词的辨析。对于此类试题，考生应该按照类别来记忆。此外，有些题可以通过分析语境和逻辑关系确定正确答案。考生做这类题时，首先要掌握足够的词汇量，其次结合生活经验和常识，理解句意，推测语境，最后得出正确答案。甘肃中考常考的同类名词列举如下：甘肃中考常考的同类名词列举如下：类别类别例词例词地点类 hometown 家乡；city

2、城市；farm 农场；school 学校；symbol 象征；hospital 医院；road 道路；gardens花园；zoos动物园；shop商店 称呼类teacher 老师；worker 工人；doctor 医生；driver 司机；student学生；king国王；pilot飞行员；waiter服务员；jumper跳高运动员；parents家长；dentist牙医身体部位类(2016省卷22题)eyes眼睛；noses鼻子；mouths嘴巴；fingers手指物品类(2015省卷53题)stamps邮票；novels小说；instruments乐器；magazines杂志1名词词义辨析

3、名词词义辨析颜色类green绿色；yellow黄色；blue蓝色；orange橘色；red红色；black黑色；white白色；pink粉色；purple紫色；brown棕色 国家及地区类world世界;country/nation国家;Asia亚洲;Europe欧洲;Africa非洲;China中国;America美国;Britain英国；Korea韩国;Russia俄罗斯；France法国；Germany德国；Brazil巴西；India印度；Japan日本饮食类orange juice橘子汁；orange橘子；banana香蕉；apple 苹果；tea茶；coffee咖啡；water水；

4、fish鱼；milk牛奶；lemon柠檬；bread面包；beef牛肉；potato土豆；tomato西红柿；moon cake 月饼；dumpling饺子；vegetable蔬菜考点小练1.Im a littlze hungry now.I only drank some this morning.A.bread B.milk C.banana D.noodleB2.The passengers safety mostly depends on the when the plane is flying.A.engineer B.pilot C.programmer D.teacherB3.K

5、ate will arrive in Beijing.We are all at the to pick her up.A.station B.library C.restaurant D.hotelA4.I didnt send an e-mail to Mary because my is broken down.A.clock B.computer C.pen D.bikeB5.The Chinese saying“A tree cant make a forest”tells us that is very important in a football match.A.ability

6、 B.decision C.teamwork D.experience C6.We all want to try something new,but finding the_ to start is always the hardest part.A.idea B.pride C.courage D.progressC7.The charity show was a big _.We have raised much money for Project Hope.A.success B.surprise C.suggestion D.stressA8.The two countries ha

7、ve reached a(n)_to share the latest information about science and technology so that they can develop together.A.achievement B.agreement C.suggestion D.conversationB9.Smoking is not allowed in this meeting .It is a bad behavior.A.room B.home C.house D.familyA2名词的数名词的数分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词的数主要考查可数名词单数变

8、复数的规则变化和不规则变化。1 1.可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式 规则变化表规则变化表情况情况构成方法构成方法举例举例一般情况加-sriverriversflowerflowers festivalfestivals以字母s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加-esboxboxespeachpeacheswishwishes以字母f,fe结尾的词变f,fe为v再加-esleafleaves knifeknives wifewives lifelives加-schiefchiefs情况情况构成方法构成方法举例举例以辅音字母+y结尾的词先变y为i再加-esactivityactivities以辅音

9、字母+o结尾的词若表示有生命的加-estomatotomatoesheroheroes若表示无生命的加-sphotophotos不规则变化表不规则变化表构成方法构成方法举例举例改a为e型manmen,womanwomen改oo为ee型footfeet在词尾加-renchildchildren单复数形式相同（2017兰州28题）fishfish；sheepsheep；deerdeer；ChineseChinese；JapaneseJapanese常用作复数形式或只有复数形式trousers；glasses；thanks；clothes；goods;chopsticks;people其他特殊形式m

10、ousemice巧记口诀巧记口诀名词复数有规律,一般词尾加-s；辅音字母+y型,变y为i加-es；ch,sh,s,x真有趣,全部都加-es；f,fe特殊记，一般字母v来替，-es在后别忘记；字母o来真神奇,有生命加-es,没有生命加-s。2.2.常见不可数名词的归纳与用法常见不可数名词的归纳与用法常见的不可数名词常见的不可数名词物质物质名词名词食物bread面包;meat 肉;cheese 奶酪;milk牛奶;water 水;wine 酒;oil 油自然物体soil土壤;sand 沙子;wood 木头抽象抽象名词名词情感joy高兴;friendship 友谊;peace 和平学科math数学;

11、geography 地理;physics 物理;chemistry 化学概念population人口;knowledge 知识不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of一块;a bottle of 一瓶;a group of 一群;a pair of 一组/双/对;a piece of一片(张/块);a pile of 一堆。短语a pair(piece)of+复数名词作主语时，中心词是a pair(piece),故谓语动词用单数；若是短语two pairs(pieces)of+复数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs,故谓语动词用复数

12、。单词可数不可数chicken鸡鸡肉exercise练习题锻炼experience经历经验glass玻璃杯玻璃life生命生活paper报纸,文件纸room房间空间time次数,倍数时间wood树林木头,木材常见的不可数名词常见的不可数名词考点小练10.My grandma often tells me some interesting (story)before I go to bed.stories11.There used to be many (wolf),but only a few of them remain now.wolves 12.Dont eat too much sug

13、ar.Its bad for your (tooth).teeth13.My little sister learned to make two (cake)yesterday.cakes14.I will go to the US for further study in three (month).months3名词所有格 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词所有格在语法与情景对话、任务型完形填空、词汇中考查。如何判断名词所有格：1.当空格后为名词，且空前为形容词性物主代词时；2.当有两个主语时，注意判断某物是共有还是各自所有。类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词有生命的名词有生命的名词在单

14、数名词和不是以-s或-es结尾的复数名词词加sChildrens Day儿童节Lynns friend琳恩的朋友在以-s或-es结尾的单数名词词尾加-s、复数名词词尾加-their bosss car他们老板的车the workers tasks工人的任务类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词有生命的名词有生命的名词表示几个人共同拥有某物时，只需在最后一个人名后加上-s，表示各自所有时，则需在每个人名后都加-s（2015省卷50题）Jim and Toms room 吉姆和汤姆共用的房间Jims and Toms rooms吉姆和汤姆各自的房间无生命的名词无生命的名词时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、机

15、构等在词尾加-s或-todays newspaper今天的报纸ten minutes walk十分钟的步行路其他一般用“of+名词”结构a leg of the table桌子的一条腿the wall of the room房间的墙类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词双重所有格双重所有格of+-s所有格a friend of her mothers她妈妈的一个朋友of+名词性物主代词a little dog of mine我的一条小狗考点小练15.mothers are waiting for them at the school gate.Tell them to go there at onc

16、e after class.A.Lucy and Lilys B.Lucys and Lilys C.Lucy and Lily D.Lucys and LilyB16.Uncle Wang is an excellent engineer.He is a friend of .A.my father B.my fathers C.my fathers D.my fathersB17.music teacher is Miss Zhang and she is a very beautiful woman.A.Ann and her brother B.Ann and her brothers

17、 C.Anns and her brother D.Anns and her brothersB18.There is an MP5 on the desk.Whose is this?It can be my ,for she bought one yesterday.A.sister B.sisters C.sisters D.sistersB19.How far is your home from school？Its about two walk.A.hours B.hours C.hours D.hourB4名词作定语名词作定语针对名词作定语，考生须掌握以下两种形式结构：1.1.名词

18、修饰名词名词修饰名词（1）作定语的名词一般用单数形式，变复数只需将中心词变为复数形式。如：country music乡村音乐；girl student girl students女学生。（2）当man和woman作定语时，变复数形式时将中心词及man或woman 都变成复数形式。如：man driver men drivers男司机；woman teacher women teachers女教师。2 2.“.“数词数词-名词名词”修饰名词修饰名词(2015(2015省卷省卷4545题，题，20152015兰州兰州4545题题)（1）“数词-名词单数”形式，可将作定语的名词变为相应的所有格形式。

19、如：a two-day holiday=two daysholiday两天的假期；a ten-minute walk=ten minutes walk 步行十分钟的路程。（2）“数词-名词单数-形容词”形式。如：a 15-year-old girl一个十五岁大的女孩；a 10-meter-long bridge一座十米长的桥。考点小练20.Kate is girl.Shes very happy at school.A.a eighteen year old B.an eighteen-year-old C.an eighteen-years old D.a eighteen years ol

20、dB21.What kind of noodles would you like?.A.Mutton and tomatoes noodles B.Mutton and tomato noodles C.Muttons and tomatoes noodles D.Muttons and tomato noodlesB22.We should wear when we play ball games.A.sport shoes B.sport shoe C.sports shoes D.sports shoeC23.This chair is not stable,so it has to b

21、e repaired.A.three-leg B.three leg C.three-legs D.third legsA24.There are so many in front of my house.I often pick up apples from them in autumn.A.apple tree B.apples tree C.apples trees D.apple treesD5用所给名词的适当形式填空名词加-y（2017省卷79题）luck（幸运）lucky（幸运的）rain（雨水）rainy(多雨的)wind(风)windy(多风的,大风的)cloud(云)clou

22、dy(多云的，阴天的)snow(雪)snowy(多雪的)名词加-nalnation(国家)national(国家的)education(教育)educational(有教育意义的)tradition(传统)traditional(传统的)表示肯定意 义的形容词 （2016省卷80题;2016兰州92题）use(使用)useful(有用的，有益的)care(关心，小心)careful(小心的)harm(伤害)harmful(无害的)help(帮助)helpful(有帮助的，有益的)名词加-less构成 表示否定意义的 形容词use(用处)useless(无用的)care(关心，小心)carele

23、ss(粗心的)harm(伤害)harmless(无害的)help(帮助)helpless(无助的)名词变形容词规则表名词变形容词规则表名词加-ly（2017省卷71题）friend(朋友)friendly(友好的)love(爱)lovely(可爱的)名词加-ousdanger(危险)dangerous(危险的)humor(幽默，诙谐)humorous(有幽默感的，滑稽可笑的)名词加-ishfool(傻瓜)foolish(愚蠢的)Spain(西班牙)Spanish(西班牙的)一些以-ence结尾的名词，把-ence变为ent构成形容词difference(不同)different(不同的)ind

24、ependence(独立)independent(独立的，自主的)silence(沉默，无声)silent(不说话的，沉默的)考点小练25.Each of us should read an (education)book during the winter vacation.educational 26.After the earthquake,hundreds of people became _ (home).homeless27.All of us hope the life in high school will be _(meaning).meaningful28.For gett

25、ing a better job,we should develop our interests and always learn more _(skill).skills29.Linda is very_ (friend).She never tells a bad word about others.friendly30.I am _(luck)to have the chance to attend such an important meeting.lucky6合成词词义辨析此类词汇是英语中常见构词法中的合成词，由两个或者两个以上的单词合成一个新词。此处罗列常见的合成词。如：合成名词：

26、合成名词：（1）room类：classroom教室；bedroom卧室；bathroom洗手间；workroom工作室；reading room阅览室；living room起居室；sitting room客厅；washing room盥洗室；waiting room等侯室。（2）work类：housework家务；homework家庭作业；schoolwork学校作业。（3）man类：policeman警察；fisherman渔夫；chairman主席；postman邮递员；salesman(男)销售员；businessman商人；workman工人。拓展：其他词性的合成词拓展：其他词性的合

27、成词合成形容词合成形容词：downhill下坡的；worldwide全世界的；goodlooking好看的。合成副词：合成副词：downstairs在楼下；hotfoot匆忙地；beforehand事先；forever永远。合成动词：合成动词：overthrow推翻；overcome克服。考点小练31.In the future,I want to be a _to make the society much safer.A.policeman B.postman C.workman D.milkmanA32.I want to buy a book.Can you tell me where

28、 the nearest _ is?A.bookshop B.workshop C.teashop D.bakeshopA专题二 代词1 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出,代词是每年的必考点，考查点包括：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、普通不定代词、复合不定代词、指示代词和疑问代词。考查的题型主要涉及语法与情景对话、完形填空。人称代词、物主代词和反身代词人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 甘肃近3年中考对人称代词和物主代词的考查多为人称不变形式变；反身代词主要考查固定搭配。人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词主格主格宾格宾格

29、形容词性形容词性名词性名词性第一第一人称人称单数单数Imemyminemyself复数复数weusouroursourselves类别类别数数人称人称第二第二人称人称单数单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三第三人称人称单数单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves人称代词的用法人称代词的用法类别类别作用作用例句例句主格主格作主语（2015兰州26题）We have never been

30、 abroad.我们从未出过国。宾格宾格 作宾语，用在动词、介词后Can you look after her while Im away?我不在时，你能照看一下她吗？(介词之后)Lets go and find him.让我们去找他。(动词之后)作表语，用在系动词之后Whos the boy in the photo?照片中的男孩是谁？Its me.是我。(表语)巧记口诀：巧记口诀：人称代词分两格，分为主格和宾格；主格句中作主语，宾语用的是宾格；句首、动前用主格，动后介后用宾格。类别类别作用作用例句例句形容词性物主代词作定语This is his computer.这是他的电脑。名词性物主代

31、词(2016省卷23题)作主语This isnt your pen.Yours is on the table.这不是你的钢笔，你的在桌子上。作宾语I cant find my ruler.Can I use yours?我找不到我的尺子了，我可以用你的吗？作表语This coat is hers.这件大衣是她的。物主代词的用法物主代词的用法注意：注意：形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，用于名词前作定语，相当于形容词的作用。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。具有名词的特征，后面不跟名词，须单独使用。如：This is her computer.=This computer is hers.这

32、是她的电脑。巧记口诀：巧记口诀：形物代词能力差，自己不能来当家；句子当中作定语，后面要把名词加；名物代词能力强，自己独来又独往；句子成分主表宾，后面名词不再加。反身代词的用法反身代词的用法类别类别作用作用例句例句作宾语动词或介词之后He can take care of himself.他可以照顾自己。作表语系动词之后The poor boy in the story was myself.故事里的可怜孩子就是我自己。作同位语(2017省卷24题)名词或代词之后或句末I myself did it.=I did it myself.我自己做到了。拓展拓展反身代词的相关搭配反身代词的相关搭配dr

33、ess oneself 自己穿衣服 by oneself 单独地，独自地keep sth.to oneself 保密 prove oneself 证明自己enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 hurt oneself 伤害自己teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学for oneself 为自己，亲自 come to oneself 恢复，苏醒lose oneself 失去自我 devote oneself(to)献身于help oneself(to)自用(食物等)考点小练1.My brother likes painting.Its one of hobbie

34、s.A.my B.her C.his D.yourC2.Sally,may I use your iPad?is broken.OK,here you are.A.Your B.Yours C.Mine D.MyC3.Let me help you carry the books.No,thank you.We can do it by .A.we B.us C.our D.ourselvesD4.Sonia,is this your dictionary?No,its not .Ask Alan.Maybe it belongs to .A.my;him B.my;his C.mine;hi

35、m D.mine;hisC5.He is my brother,and name is Tom.A.her B.his C.he D.himB2普通不定代词普通不定代词(2017省卷28题)甘肃近3年中考重点考查普通不定代词，尤以both,other,the other,others,another，neither的考查频率较高，偶尔涉及对either,none,all 等词的考查。学生在复习过程中应掌握普通不定代词的基本用法。1.1.常见的普通不定代词常见的普通不定代词some,any(a)few,(a)littleone,other,another,others,the other,the

36、 othersmany,muchneither,noneeach,eitherboth,all2 2.常见普通不定代词辨析常见普通不定代词辨析both,either,neither,all和none的辨析：代词代词意义及用法意义及用法常用短语常用短语例句例句both“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数bothand和都；both of两者都Both of the two boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。either“（两者中）任何一个”，作主语时,谓语动词用单数eitheror或者或者；要么要么Either of the twins is able to come,the o

37、ther has to look after their sick mother.双胞胎中的一个能来，另一个必须照顾他们生病的母亲。neither（两者）都不”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数neithernor既不也不；neither of两者都不Neither of the two boys is brave.两个男孩都不勇敢。all“（三者或三者以上）全部都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数all of（三者或三者以上）都All of the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。none“（三者或三者以上中）没有一个”none of（三者或三者以上中）没有一个I like none o

38、f the books.这些书我都不喜欢。some 与any代词代词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句some“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词；多用在肯定句中；还可以用在表示邀请、请求或期待得到肯定回答的疑问句中You must be thirsty.Can I get you some tea？你一定渴了,我给你拿点茶水，好吗？Thanks.谢谢。any“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词；多用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中；用在肯定句中表示“任何一个/些This is the last chance for any of us.对于我们中的任何人来说,这都是最后

39、一次机会。each与every代词代词用法用法each用作形容词或代词，可单独使用“each/every+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。强调个体强指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”后可加of短语every仅作定语，不可单独使用强调整体指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”后不可加of短语a few,few,a little和little的辨析详解见本书第一部分讲解。考点小练6.Lynn has two skirts.One is yellow,and is black.A.other B.others C.the other D.anotherC7.My uncle has t

40、wo children.But of them lives with him.A.each B.neither C.either D.bothB8.Which would you like,rice or noodles?is OK.Im hungry.A.Either B.Both C.Neither D.AllA9.The task is so difficult that of the students can finish it alone.A.both B.neither C.all D.noneD10.I tried two bookshops for the dictionary

41、 I wanted,but of them had it.A.either B.both C.neither D.noneC11.If you have new messages about it,please call me.A.any B.few C.each D.littleA12.The question is so difficult that students can answer it.A.few B.many C.most D.muchA3复合不定代词 甘肃近3年中考真题考查复合不定代词的情况主要分为两种：复合不定代词的词义辨析；形容词修饰复合不定代词的位置及something

42、与anything的区别。词根词根-one（指人）（指人）-body（指人）（指人）-thing（指物）（指物）some（肯定）someone(某人）somebody(某人）something(某事，某物)any（否定/肯定）anyone（任何人）anybody（任何人）anything（任何事）every（肯定）everyone（每个人）everybody（每个人）everything（每件事，一切）no（否定）no one（没有人）nobody（没有人）nothing(什么都没有)1.初中阶段常见的复合不定代词初中阶段常见的复合不定代词(2017省卷51题)2.复合不定代词的用法复合不定代

43、词的用法(1)由some和any构成的复合不定代词的区别与some和any的区别基本相同。someone,somebody,something通常用于肯定句中；anyone,anybody,anything通常用于否定句、疑 问句或条件状语从句中。(2)当形容词或else(另外)修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词之后。如：There is something interesting in the book.这本书里有一些有趣的东西。(3)复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Somebody is speaking in the e

44、mpty house.有人在那个空房子里说话。3.复合不定代词常用句型复合不定代词常用句型(1)There is something wrong with意为“出问题了”。如：There is something wrong with the car.这辆汽车出问题了。(2)has something/nothing to do with意为“与有/无关”。如：The case has nothing to do with me.这件事与我无关。(3)sb.can do nothing but意为“某人什么都不能做只能”。如：We can do nothing but wait.我们什么都不能

45、做，只能等待。考点小练13.Taobao is a very popular shopping website.People can buy almost on it.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everythingD14.Please hurry up,Peter.is waiting for you outside.A.Nobody B.Somebody C.Anybody D.EverybodyB15.This is really bad news.Our teacher is too angry to say .A.nothing B.some

46、thing C.anything D.everythingC16.The room is empty.I cant find in it.A.somebody B.nobody C.anybody D.everybodyC17.Who lives together with that old woman?.She lives alone.Li Jing and I come to see her every Saturday.A.Nobody B.Somebody C.Anybody D.Everybody18.is ringing the doorbell.Go and see who it

47、 is.OK,Mom.A.Someone B.Anyone C.Everyone D.No one19.Is there in todays newspaper?Yes,quite a lot.A.anything interesting B.nothing interesting C.interested anything D.interested somethingAAA4指示代词指示代词1.1.常见指示代词的基本用法常见指示代词的基本用法代词代词用法用法例句例句it特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物The book is mine.Its very interesting.这本书是我的。它很

48、有趣。one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一Who has a novel named Tiny Times?谁有小时代这本小说？I have one.我有一本。that（复数those）（复数those）常用来指代离自己较远的人或物Is that a panda over there?在那边的是一只熊猫吗？常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的不可数名词，以避免重复The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.北京的天气比深圳冷。this（复数these）常用来指代离自己较近的人或物This is my friend J

49、ane.这是我的朋友简。2.it 的常见用法的常见用法(1)指代上文已经提到或下文将要提到的事或物。(2)指自然现象、时间、距离和温度等。(3)作形式主语，代替由不定代词或从句等所表示的真正主语。常用于以下六种句型中：Its+adj.(+for/of sb.)to do sth.做某事(对某人来说)是的/(某人)做 某事是的。如：Its very important for us to eat breakfast every day.对我们而言每天吃早餐很重要。Its time to do/for/that是(做)的时间了。如：Its time to get up.该起床了。It seems

50、that好像。如：It seems that the boy is very interested in Chinese paintings.这个男孩好像对中国画很感兴趣。Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。如：Its your turn to clean the classroom.轮到你打扫教室了。Its+adj.+that从句,是的。如：Its impossible that we finish the work in two days.我们在两天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。It takes(sb.)+一段时间+to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。