非谓语动词-完整版课件.ppt
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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词1.定义:在句子中不是谓语动词叫做非谓语动词。不可以独立作谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分。2.它有三种形式不定式(to do)分词(现在分词doing、过去分词done),动名词(doing)非谓语动词He likes to sing.The men walking in front were carrying books.动词不定式动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某种情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时态和语态的变化,通常有以下几种形式(以do为例)to do 一般式to be done 被动式to have done 完成式to have been done
2、 完成被动式to be doing 进行式to have been doing 完成进行式动词不定式1.不定式的一般式,它所表达的动作通常与主语谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。They drew a mae to pass.动词不定式2.不定式的完成式,它所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。She seemed to have heard about this matter.I am sorry to have kee to have had you guys here.动词不定式3.不定式的进行式,它所表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。Its nice of you
3、 to be helping us these days.You pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.动词不定式4.不定式的完成进行式,如果不定式表示的动作是表示谓语动作之前一直进行的动作,就需要用完成进行式。They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.We are happy to have been helping each other these days.动词不定式5.动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。Try not to be
4、boring again next time.He wished never to meet her again.动词不定式6.疑问词+动词不定式 1).不定式和疑问词whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,why等连用可以在句子中起名词的作用,通常作宾语、主语、表语等。Hearing the news,he didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.When to hold the meeting has not been decided.The most im is how to get so much money.2
5、).介词后一般不直接接不定式,但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语 Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.I have no idea of how to do it.动词不定式的用法1.作主语 不定式短语在句首作主语。To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.We are hard to finish the work in ten minutes.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语是不定式。It is imaking eans failure to lose your
6、heart.动词不定式的用法2.作表语 不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。His wish is to become an astronaut.Our plan is to finish the work in two days.动词不定式的用法3.作宾语 不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语,也可以充当but和exceade it a rule to train at four.动词不定式的用法3.作宾语 2).作介词的宾语不定式可以作介词but和excements exce to work harder.He had no choice but to sit there as us
7、ual.There is nothing we can do but to wait patiently.动词不定式的用法4.作宾语补足语 不定式可以再“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。She requested him to go with her.动词不定式的用法5.作定语 I need somewhere to take a naan to choose.I need a letter to write.I need a e paper to write.动词不定式的用法6.作状语 1).表目的 To save the child,he broke his leg.S
8、he sold her hair to buy the watch chain.To save money,every means has been tried.To save money,he has tried every means.动词不定式的用法6.作状语 2).表结果 He got to the station to find the train had gone.I hurried to the e.注:有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to。动词不定式的用法动名词动名词既具有动词的
9、一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。doing 一般式being done 被动式having done 完成式动名词的用法1.作主语 Reading aloud is very helilk.2.作表语My job is studying.动名词的用法3.作宾语 They havent finished building the dam.enjoy finish suggest avoid excuse delay imagine keeiss consider admit deny mind it forbid of,be fond of,),set about,be engaged in,s
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