初中英语动词时态课件.ppt

1、动词动词初中英语语法初中英语语法 动词v.v表示动作与状态的词v主要内容1.动词分类2.动词形式3.时态动词种类动词种类实义动词实义动词系动词系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词jump,runbe,feelcan,must,maydo,does,did,be,have,has动词种类类别特点例子实义动词实义动词/行为动词行为动词表示动作，有实际意义,能独立做谓语We love our hometown.Class begins.系动词系动词有一定的含义，不能独立做谓语I am a student.助动词助动词本身没有含义，不能独立做谓语I dont like apples.情态动词情态动词有一

2、定的含义，不能独立做谓语We must study hard.实义动词(行为动词)1.及物动词及物动词vt.:后面要跟上一个名词或代词来作宾语The boy watches TV on Sundays2.不及物动词不及物动词vi.:不能直接跟宾语，但可以跟上一个介词，构成动词短语，再跟一个介词宾语。(如look,listen,wait)He is looking at the picture.系动词v也叫连系动词。系动词本身有含义，但它不能单独做谓语，后面必须接表语，用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。一起构成主系表结构。你还记得什么是表语吗？表语：由形容词、名词、介词短语担任系动词1.be动词

3、动词：最常用的系动词She is beautiful.I am a student.They are in the classroom.2.表示感受的“感官动词”：look,taste,smell,sound,feel感官动词+adj.：He feels cold.3.become,turn,get 4.Keep，stay，remain be 动词vbe动词的几种形式动词的几种形式1)am is are2)was were3)being4)been Be动词用法口诀vI是am,you是are,vis 前面三个他（她，它）v其它复数都用arevam,is was过去式/vare were过去式/

4、系动词bev系动词不能单独作谓语，必须和名词或形容词系动词不能单独作谓语，必须和名词或形容词一起使用，作句子的谓语。一起使用，作句子的谓语。be是最基本的系动是最基本的系动词。它解决主语词。它解决主语“是什么是什么”“”“怎么样怎么样”和和“在在哪儿哪儿”“”“多大年龄多大年龄”的问题。例如：的问题。例如：vI am a student.（是什么是什么）我是一个学生。vThe man is very tall and strong.（怎么样怎么样）那男人又高又壮。She is in the classroom.(在哪儿）be动词的用法 与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用与名词、数词、形容词、介词连

5、用1)I am a doctor.2)He is ten.3)They are tired.4)The cat is under the table.情态动词v情态动词表示说话人情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化He can speak English.He speaks English very wellv本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，其后接动词原形动词原形一起构成谓语。v常见的有can(could),may(might),will(would),shall(should),must,have to,had better注意情态动词v.原情态动词详解1.can表示个人能

6、力所及或可能性2.may表示允许、请求及可能性。用may提问，肯定回答一般是Certainly.或Yes,you may.否定回答一般用cant,mustnt3.must表示必须、一定是(must be)例释vI can make kites.vThat cant be Mr.Baker.v-May I ask you a question?v-Certainly.vYour glasses may be in your pocket.vWe must be careful when we cross the road.v-Wheres Alex?-He must be at home.mus

7、t 问句的回答vmust 表示“必须”的问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt.vMust we clean the classroom this afternoon?vYes,you must.vNo,you neednt.vNo,you dont have to.had better 最好做vhad better+v.原vhad better not+v.原vWe had better go back to the station now.vYoud better not speak because the baby is sleeping.vshall 常用于第一人称，用在问句

8、中表示：征求意见vShall we go to the supermarket this weekend?should 表示“应该”We should speak to the old people politely.(adv.有礼貌地）need1.实义动词：放在肯定句、疑问句和否定句中need+sth.need to do sth.We need more chairs.We need to plant more trees.2.情态动词：放在疑问句和否定句中You neednt do it in such a hurry助动词v协助主要动词构成谓语的动词叫助动词，它对谓语动词起辅助作用。被

9、协助的词叫主要动词。助动词本身没有含义，不可单独使用。v常见助动词：be,do(does,did),shall,will,have(has)vTom doesnt like watermelons.助动词dov根据时态、主语人称、数的变化，do/does/did,v一般现在时：do,does(用于第三人称单数)，do用于其他人称，v一般过去时:did vI dont like English.vHe doesnt do his homework at night.vWe didnt clean the room yesterday.注意do,does,did+v.原助动词的使用v助动词本身没有

10、意义，它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示问句、否定句、时态等。1、表示时态We will sing and dance at the party.2、构成疑问句Do you like collecting stamps?Did you study Chinese before you came to China?3、与not合用，构成否定句I dont want to visit that farm.They havent finished the work yet.实义动词实义动词dov实义动词也叫行为动词，能独立作谓语。它解决主语“做什么”的问题。例如：throw投掷投掷 walk 行走行走

11、 dance 跳舞跳舞 sing唱歌唱歌 live生活生活 study学习学习 它们都能独立作谓语。基本句型2v主语+谓语+宾语+状语（表示动作）词序词序1 主语主语2谓语谓语3 宾语宾语即句子的主体即句子的主体 是句子中的必不是句子中的必不可少的成分可少的成分,说说明主语的动作明主语的动作 动作、行为的对象，动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者是动作的承受者词性词性名词；代词名词；代词实意动词实意动词Do名词；代词；不定式名词；代词；不定式或相当于名词的词、或相当于名词的词、短语短语v状语的位置1.孩子们玩游戏。The children played games.2.孩子们安静地玩游戏。The

12、children played games quietly.3.孩子们在他们的房间里安静地玩游戏。The children played games quietly in their room.4.孩子们今天早上在他们的房间里安静地玩游戏。The children played games quietly in their roomthis morning.中文习惯于先交代时间和地点，但英语中状语往往放在主谓结构后面，次序为：how,where,when.基本句型2Lets Study these Sentences 1.Elephants have long noses.主语主语 谓语谓语

13、宾语宾语(名词性短语名词性短语)2.I love you.主主 谓谓 宾语（代词）宾语（代词）3.The lion opened its huge mouth and 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语（名词性短语）宾语（名词性短语）roared.谓语谓语4.Judy found a Christmas gift in the stocking.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语（名词短语）宾语（名词短语）状语状语 Exercises：判断以下句子谓语用哪类动词v 那是我们的学校。那是我们的学校。v 她的红领巾很干净。她的红领巾很干净。v 我妈妈现在在家。我妈妈现在在家。v 我喜欢画画。我喜欢画画。v 他每天放学

14、后和朋友踢足球。他每天放学后和朋友踢足球。v 我们互相帮助。我们互相帮助。be(is)be(is)be(is)do(like)do(plays)do(help)英语句子三部曲看见句子就问三个问题：1.要用要用哪类动词做谓语哪类动词做谓语？（主语干什么则考？（主语干什么则考虑实义动词虑实义动词do，主语怎么样了或者说是什么，主语怎么样了或者说是什么就用系动词就用系动词be）2.这个动作是谁发出的？人称是这个动作是谁发出的？人称是单数还是复单数还是复数数？3.这个动作啥时候发生的，用这个动作啥时候发生的，用什么时态什么时态？三个问题帮助大家查缺补漏。希望大家能够养成习惯，形成条件反射动词动词形式形

15、式原形原形三单式三单式现在现在分词分词过去式过去式-ed过去过去分词分词-eddodoesdoingdiddone第三人称单数动词形式(三单式）v第三人称单数动词形式在动词后面加-s或-es,变化规则 如单数变复数。1.一般情况,-s2.以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾，-es3.辅音字母加y,y改i，-es注意have的三单式为has.第三人称单数的概念v除了I,we,you（我，我们，你，你们）之外的全部为第三人称。单数指的是一个人或物。vHis brother,my parents,their school,our teacher,the baby,Tom,his dog,the treeM

16、ake sentencesv她每天都打扫房间。vShe cleans the room every day.v我妈妈每天都做家务。vMy mother does the housework every day.v我父亲每周末都看电视vMy father watches TV every weekend.v我哥哥和我从周一至周五去学校。vMy brother and I go to school from Monday to Friday.注意-es的读音规则清辅音后读/s/浊辅音，元音后读/z/s,x,sh,ch后读/iz/动词的现在分词的构成1.一般加一般加-ing;work-working

17、2.以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的词去结尾的词去e,加加-ing；live-living3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写该辅音字母，辅音字母的词，要双写该辅音字母，再加再加-ing；stop-stopping4.lie lying 躺,die死 dying,tie系tying5.begin beginning v我正在做蛋糕。vI am making a cake.v他们正在跑。vThey are running.v他正在吃晚餐。vHe is having dinner.vHe is eating dinner.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成1：

18、v1、规则变化一般加-ed：work-worked以e结尾的词加-d：live-lived辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i，再加-ed：cry-cried以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。stop-stopped注意-ed的读音规则清辅音后读/t/浊辅音，元音后读/d/t,d后读/id/动词的过去式和过去分词的构成2：v不规则变化1.AAA(原形过去式过去分词相同）2.ABB（过去式过去分词相同）3.ABC（三者不同）4.ABA（原形和过去分词相同）5.AAB（原形和过去式相同）1.AAAcutcutcutputputputsetsetsetshuts

19、hutshutreadread/red/read/red/2.ABBgetgot gotfindfoundfoundhavehadhadbuyboughtboughthearheardheardmakemademademeetmetmet3.ABCdodiddonegivegavegiventaketooktakeneatateeatengowentgoneseesawseenspeakspokespoken4.ABAcomecamecomebecomebecamebecomerunranrun5.AABbeat beat beatenExercise v我父母昨天工作了.(Yesterday

20、)vMy parents worked yesterday.v我们昨天去上学了。vWe went to school yesterday.v我上周做了家务。（last week)vI did housework last week.动词的时态v英语动词形式在表示不同时间发生的事情和存在的状态时采用不同的形式来表示，这种不同的动词变化形式就叫做动词的时态。时态时态一般一般现在时现在时一般一般将来时将来时一般一般过去时过去时现在现在进行时进行时现在现在完成时完成时原形原形/三单式三单式will/shall+vbe going to+v.原原动词动词过去式过去式am/is/are+v.-inghav

21、e/has+p.p.过去过去进行时进行时was/were+v.-ing动词的时态结构歌谣动词的时态结构歌谣一般现在时，一般现在时，动词用原型；动词用原型；一般时一般时单数三人称，单数三人称，动词加动词加“s s”。一般过去时，一般过去时，动词加动词加“eded”。I work.He works.I worked.现在进行时现在进行时,进行时进行时例句：例句：I am working.过去进行时过去进行时,am,is,are,-ingam,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ingwas,were,-ing。例句：例句：I was working.将来时将来时一般将来时，一般将来时，wo

22、uldwould加原型。加原型。过去将来时，过去将来时，willwill加原型。加原型。I will work.I would work.完成时完成时现在完成时，现在完成时，have/hashave/has加过分。加过分。I have worked.过去完成时，过去完成时，had had 加过分。加过分。I had worked.各种时态的用法各种时态的用法一、一般现在时一、一般现在时1 1.用法：用法：A.A.现在现在经常性经常性的的动作动作或或状态状态 B.B.客观事实客观事实和和真理真理。2 2.标志词标志词:always,usually,often,always,usually,oft

23、en,sometimes,never,every day sometimes,never,every day/week/month/year/week/month/year/1.The boy usually_(get)to school early.gets2.Light _(travel)faster than sound.travelsbe动词的否定句和疑问句v否定句的结构：主语主语+be动词动词+not+vI am not a man.v一般疑问句的结构:把be动词调到主语前。即：Be动动词词+主语主语+？改成一般疑问句，并肯定回答：Those are pretty shoes.Are

24、 those pretty shoes?Yes,they are.We are doing our homework.Are you doing your homework?Yes,we are.My father is a doctor.Is your father a doctor?Yes,he is.I am Chinese.Are you Chinese?Yes,I am.实义动词的现在时v肯定句：主语(第三人称单数除外)+动词原形动词原形+I work every day.主语(第三人称单数)+动词三单式+vHe goes to work every day.v否定句:主语+do+n

25、ot+v.原原+.I dont work every day.主语(第三人称单数)+does+not +v.原原+He doesnt go to work every day一般疑问句:Do+主语+v.原原+.?Does+主语(第三人称单数)+v.原原+?二、一般过去时二、一般过去时1.用法：用法：过去过去的的动作动作或或状态状态,动作已结束动作已结束.1.be(was/were)+n./adj./prepv2.2.主语主语+动词的动词的过去式过去式v3.标志词：标志词：yesterday,the day before yesterday,three days ago,last night/w

26、eek/month,in the past；just now=a moment agoI clean my room every day.(一般现在时)I cleaned my room yesterday.(一般过去时)be动词的过去式vam,is-was/vare-were/vwas not=wasnt /vwere not=werent /v肯定句：主语+was/were+n./adj/prepv否定句：主语+was/were+not+v一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+?例释vHe was busy yesterday.肯定句vWe were busy yesterday.肯定句vH

27、e was not busy yesterday.否定句vWas he busy yesterday?一般疑问句vYes,he was.肯定回答vNo,he wasnt.否定回答实义动词的过去时v基本句型：v肯定句：主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式+v否定句：主语+did not+v.原原+v一般疑问句:Did+主语+v.原原+？vHe played basketball last week.例释vHe played basketball last week.肯定句vHe did not play basketball last week.vDid he play basketball last

28、 week?vYes,he did.vNo,he didnt.注意一般过去时没有一般过去时没有人称和数的变化，人称和数的变化，因此主语即使是因此主语即使是第三人称单数，第三人称单数，也和其他人称一样。也和其他人称一样。动词的过去式和过去分词v动词的过去式和过去分词的构成：1、规则变化一般加-ed：work-worked以e结尾的词加-d：live-lived辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i，再加-ed：cry-cried以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。stop-stopped三、现在进行时三、现在进行时1.用法：用法：A.现刻动作现刻动作：目前正在发

29、生的动作。：目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。2.标志词：标志词：now,Look!Listen!中考模拟：中考模拟：-Mike,who_football in the yard?-Let me go and see.（20042004顺义）顺义）A.has playedB.will play C.was playingD.is playing现在进行时基本结构现在进行时基本结构主语主语+be动词动词+动词的动词的现在分词现在分词IamHe/SheWe/You/They isarewr

30、iting.speaking.running.动词原型动词原型+ingreading,drinking,eating,meeting以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的动词，去结尾的动词，去e加加ing重读闭音节要双写结尾的辅音重读闭音节要双写结尾的辅音字母加字母加ingsitting swimming putting runningforgetting getting cutting stopping beginning动词的现在分词动词的现在分词writing,making,dancing,taking给下列动词加给下列动词加inganswer borrow buy call carryceleb

31、rate change hate invite collect cry drink eat enjoy finish keep paint send showsleep study talk wait begin chat cut plan run swimwin lie A:Are you doing your homework now?B:No,Im not.My cousin is visiting me.A:Oh,really?What is he doing now?B:Well,he is playing a new computer game.A:Are you playing

32、the game with him?B:No,Im not.Im looking.Dialogue:1.Look!What_the children_ over there?2.Those workers_here these months.A.are workB.are workedC.workD.are workingA.are;do B.are;doingC.is;doD.is doing3.-How_you_along with your workmates?-Very well.A.do;get B.will;get C.can;get D.are;getting4.-Must I

33、water the flowers now?-No,you neednt.Jack_them.A.is wateringB.wateringC.watersD.is watered注意注意A A.有几个有几个瞬间动词瞬间动词可以用可以用现在进行时现在进行时表表将将来，如：来，如：begin,start,come,go,leavebegin,start,come,go,leave。1.-Lucy!Would you like to give me a hand?-OK.I_.A.will comeB.come C.am comingD.would come2.-When_you_for Toro

34、nto?-Tomorrow.A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leavevThe boy _always _ us!(夸赞夸赞)A.is;helpingB.does;helpC.can;helpD./;helpB B.现在进行时和现在进行时和alwaysalways连用，表示说话连用，表示说话人较强烈的人较强烈的感情色彩。感情色彩。You _ always _ the same mistake!(责备责备)A.do;makeB.does;makeC.is;makingD.are;making四、过去进行时四、过去进行时1.用法：用法：过去

35、某时正在进行的动作。过去某时正在进行的动作。2.标志词：标志词：at that time,this time yesterday,then,when1.Father_when I _yesterday morning.A.still slept,got up B.was still sleeping,got up C.is sleeping,got up D.sleeps,get up2.She_apples in her garden when I_to see her yesterday.A.picked，went B.was picking，wentC.picked，was going

36、D.was picking，was going五、一般将来时五、一般将来时1.用法：用法：将来的动作或状态将来的动作或状态。2.结构：结构：will shall be going to 3.标志词：标志词：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in(the)future,next week/month/term,from now on+V.(原型原型)（第一人称）（第一人称）4.shall/will/be going to之间的区别：之间的区别：1计划计划决定要做某事，一般用决定要做某事，一般用be going to do 结构结构。sha

37、ll往往用于往往用于第一人称疑问句第一人称疑问句,will可用于任何人称可用于任何人称。2will常用于表常用于表邀请邀请或或命令命令时以及时以及带有带有意愿色彩意愿色彩。31.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon.A.are going to be B.are going to haveC.is going to be D.will have2.The twins_to the cinema with their parents tonight.A.will go B.would goC.are go D.went3.-When_we have the

38、meeting?-At 8.A.areB.shallC.would D.will 4.-When_you_for London?-Next week.A.will;leavingB.are;leaving C.shall;leaveD.have;left六、过去将来时六、过去将来时1.用法：用法：从过去看将要发生的动作。从过去看将要发生的动作。2.结构：结构：would was/were/going to+v.v.(原型原型)1.-What did he say yesterday?-He said he_to Sydney next week.A.goesB.will goC.would g

39、o D.are going 2.-Did your son fail his English exam once again?-Yes,but he told me he_hard next term.A.studiesB.is studyingC.will studyD.would study试题：试题：1.用法：用法：12七、现在完成时七、现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去过去现在现在影响影响：作业都作业都做完了，我能出做完了，我能出去玩会儿吗？去玩会儿吗？我都等了一个小时了，我都等了一个小时了，他怎么还不来？他怎么还不来？过去过去的动作对的动作对现在现在的影响。的影响。I have fi

40、nished my homework.过去过去的动作持续到的动作持续到现在现在。I have stayed here for an hour！2.标志词：标志词：already,just,yet,ever,never,so far(till now/up to now),recently,in the past 3 years,before,since+时间时间点点,for+时间段时间段3.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：共同点：动作都在动作都在过去过去。不同点：不同点：和和现在现在有无关系。有无关系。(与现与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在在有关的

41、过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。无关的过去动作用一般过去。)4.易错点：易错点：121have gone to+地点地点,表示表示“去了去了某地某地”。（人已走人已走，尚未回。只用于，尚未回。只用于第三人称第三人称。）。）They have gone to Europe.(They are not here.)have been to+地点地点,表示表示“去过去过某某地地”。（人已回人已回）I have been to Europe.(I am not in Europe now.)3have been in+地点地点+时间段时间段,表示表示“在在/来来某地多久某地多久”。

42、I have been in Europe for three weeks.(I am now still in Europe.)25.瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬间动词和延续性动词 若句中出现若句中出现时间段时间段，则必须使用，则必须使用延续性动词延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：词转换关系如下：begin/startbe ongo therebe thereleavebe awayget homebe homediebe deadopenbe openjoinbe in/be a member ofclosebe closedget to knowknowget

43、married be marriedborrowkeepcome herebe herebuyhave1.The film began 5 minutes ago.2.They left an hour ago.3.The man died a week ago.4.He joined the club 3 days ago.5.They got married 10 years ago.6.He came here an hour ago.7.Jack got home 2 hours ago.8.Mum opened the door just now.9.They got to know

44、 10 years ago.10.I borrowed the book a week ago.11.I bought the car a year ago.The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes.They_ _ _for an hour.The man_ _ _ for a week.He_ _ _the club for 3 days.They_ _ _for 10 years.He_ _ here since an hour ago.Jack_ _home for 2 hours.The door_ _open for a while.They_ _since 10 ye

45、ars ago.I_ _the book for a week.I_ _the car since a year ago.has been onhave been awayhas been deadhas been inhave been marriedhas beenhas beenhas beenhave knownhave kepthave had1.-What a nice bike!How long_you_it?-Just two weeks.(2004北京市中考北京市中考)A.will;buy B.did;buy C.are;having D.have;had2.-How lon

46、g have you_here?-Since 1997.A.arrived B.moved C.come D.lived3.-I cant find my pen._you_it anywhere?-No.Look!Whats that under your book?A.Have;seenB.Do;see C.Did;see D.Had;seen4.-Im sorry to have kept you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I_here for only a few minutes.A.will be B.wasC.amD.have been5.I wont go t

47、o see the film because I_the ticket.(2002河南)A.lostB.have lostC.will lost D.didnt lost八、过去完成时八、过去完成时1.用法：发生在用法：发生在 过去的过去过去的过去的动作。的动作。They had got married when he came back.got married came back现在现在过去过去过去的过去过去的过去我来晚了！我来晚了！没希望了！没希望了！终于结婚终于结婚了！好幸了！好幸福呀！福呀！现在完成时现在完成时2.标志词：标志词：by the end of,by the time,wh

48、en+一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，在此参照点在此参照点前发生的动作前发生的动作都可以用过去完成时。都可以用过去完成时。注意：注意：1.We_learning 1000 words by the end of last term.1.We_learning 1000 words by the end of last term.A.finishedA.finished B.have finishedB.have finished C.

49、had finishedC.had finishedD.finishD.finish2.The train_when we got to the station.2.The train_when we got to the station.A.leavesA.leavesB.have leftB.have left C.were leaving C.were leaving D.had D.had leftleft3.By the time he returned,his son_supper.3.By the time he returned,his son_supper.A.cooks B

50、A.cooks B.had cooked C.has cooked.had cooked C.has cooked D.was D.was cookingcooking1.Sorry,I_to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment.A.wont come B.cant come C.didnt come D.shouldnt come2.He_this pen for five years.He_it in 1997.A.has bought,bought.B.bought,bought C.has kept,has bought D.has had