非谓语动词讲解定稿(最新版)课件.pptx

1、谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.He works.He takes care of the baby.He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.You are students.You look smart.单谓语或动词单谓语或动词短语短语情态动词情态动词/助助动词动词+v.系动词系动词+表语表语非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不

2、单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.He works.He wants to work here.He is working now.He has done his work.1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2.非谓语词：非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）就是不能作谓语的动词变形）谓语动词与非谓语动词谓语动词与非谓语动词判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法l

3、eavingleft1.The man took out the key,_(open)the door and entered the room.2.The man sat there,_(read)a book.3._(work)hard,and you will succeed.4.The question _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.5._(improve)his spoken English,Mr.Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.op

4、enedreadingWork discussedTo improve 由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。非谓语不定式不定式（to do）V-ingV-edas a nounas adj.or adv.现在分词现在分词动名词动名词过去分词过去分词非谓语动词的分类非谓语动词的分类表将来，主动。表将来，主动。表进行，表进行，主动主动表完成，被动表完成，被动1.Tom returned from the managers office,telling me that the boss

5、 wanted to see me at once.2.The news meeting,to be held in that hall,has already been crowded with reporters.3.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.5.To live is to struggle.(生活就是斗争。生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）1.To see you is glad.=Its

6、glad to see you.2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you.4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）9.Swimming is his favorit

7、e sport.10.He enjoys swimming.11.I found him swimming in the river.12.His favorite sport is swimming.13.His favourite sport is swimming in the river.14.He is the man swimming in the river just now.15.It is a swimming pool.16.Swimming in Summer,we can get cool.17.The boy was very excited.18.The excit

8、ed boy ran here and there.19.It is a broken cup.20.I found my watch taken away.21.Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks very beautiful.（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作状语）（作状语）（作定语）（作定语）非谓语动词的句法作用非谓语非谓语动词动词主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 宾补宾补 状语状语不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词高考热点非谓语动词的时态和语态一一.动词不定式的基本构成动词不定

9、式的基本构成由不定式符号由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式加动词原形构成。其否定式由由not+不定式构成不定式构成主动态主动态被动态被动态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done _(see)you again.(read)_(write)to seeto seeto be readingto have written (work)1.In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very p

10、ractical knowledge of English.A.get B.getting C.to get D.got2.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard PracticePractice3._ late(迟起迟起)in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sl

11、eep4.I would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone5.The patient was warned _oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating6.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor heal

12、th.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up7.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B.learning C.to be learned D.to learnTo learn D.【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。to be offering D.一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.sing C.to do sth.to do sth._ a long spe

13、ech.for doing sth.stopping smoking D.to have been doingof,off,for,fromfinding B.No matter how hard it is,well keep _ until we make it.No matter how hard it is,well keep _ until we make it.To learn D.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌.Having not completed原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）【解析】only to do s

14、th 在此表示出人意料的结果。8._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.Made C.Making D.To have made9.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.t

15、o be finished时态时态语态语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式 形式的语法形式形式的语法形式形式无人称和数的变化形式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和但有时态和语态的变化语态的变化.其否定式由其否定式由not+doing形式形式doinghaving donebeing done having been done 非谓语动词的时态和语态1.分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生,_(ill),he didnt go to school._(not know)what to do next,he went to his teach

16、er for advice.Being illNot knowing 2.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。分词就要用完成时。_(do)his homework,the boy went out to play._(write)his composition,he began to do his Maths homework.Having done Having written 1._(see)the film many times,he didnt go to see it last night.2.They sat there on the

17、 stone,_(talk)with each other.3._(use)your head,you will find a way.4.The mother died,_ (leave)five children behind.Having seen talking Using leavingFill in the blanks.Fill in the blanks.当动词当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是动作的承形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词受者时，就要用动词-ing 形式的被动语态。形式的被动语态。动词动词-ing-ing形式的被动语态形式的被动语态1._(kill)by s

18、harks in the sea is a common thing.2.He was afraid of _(scold)by the teacher.3.The bird escaped _ (catch).4._(give)such a good chance,how would you not value it at all?5.I remember _(tell)the story.Being killed being scoldedHaving been givenhaving been told being caught 1._(ask)to put on performance

19、,she refused.2.He disliked _ (interrupt)in his experiment.3._(give)such a good chance,you should catch it.Being asked Fill in the blanks.Fill in the blanks.being interrupted Having been given4.I didnt mind _(leave)at home.5.The house wants _(clean).6.He came in without _(ask).7._(show)around the lib

20、rary,we were taken to see the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown1.-What made Bill so angry?-_.His girl friend promised to come at 8:30,but she hasnt come yet.A.Having kept waiting B.Being kept waiting C.To be kept waiting D.Being kept waitedPracticePractice 2._the piano,someone sudde

21、nly knocked at the door.A.Playing B.When I was playing C.Repairing D.Examining 3.Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.A.smoke B.to smoke C.being smoked D.smoking 4.The building _ in our school is for us teachers.Though theres noise most of the day,we still feel happy about it.A.built B.having been

22、built C.to be built D.being builtZhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.dancing B.being done【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。【解析 此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。My hope is to see you.动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句 尾。being askedTo have waitedto be refused D.to do sth.之前时，It being E.非谓语动词的七大经典原则When asked why he w

23、ent there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。being persuadedKeeping C.另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，to be held 5._ the programme,they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed 6.The squirrel was lucky that it

24、just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch7.“We cant go out in this weather”,said Bob,_ out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked 8.Though _ money,his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 9.While shopping,pe

25、ople sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuaded B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 10.The bell _ the end of the period rang,_ our heated discussion.A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted 11.

26、_ many times,the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises.A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught D.Teaching 12.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearin

27、g 13._ the whole story,Jane decided not to see the film.A.Having been told B.Having told C.Been told D.Telling 14._in the queue of half an hour.Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited 15.The picture _ on the wall is painted b

28、y my nephew.A.Having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung16.Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left C.Janes being left D.Jane to be left Talking to努力,尽力做某事I watched her _ in the next room last night.14 It is kind _ me to carry these books.Having separatedhold B.Do you often hear

29、 John _in his room?forget doing/to doto sign,to writing B.“地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A，To have keptHe is always the first to come and the last to leave.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。me the job.主动语态He was seen working in the garden.C.动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句 尾。动词-ing形式的被动语态The children talked so loudly at dinner table t

30、hat I had to struggle _.Thank Thank you!you!的语法形式的语法形式无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和也没有时态和语态的变化。语态的变化。(done)v表示被动或完成表示被动或完成形式形式非谓语动词的时态和语态1.The glass is _(break).2.They were deeply _(move).3.The building(build)last year can hold 1,000 people.4.When I walked home,I saw a man _(catch)by the police.5._(see)fr

31、om the top of the hill,the town looks even more beautiful.6.Deeply _(move)by the story,the children began to cry.brokenmovedbuiltcaught Seenmoved 作表语作表语,相当于一个形容词相当于一个形容词,说明主语的状态说明主语的状态)作定语作定语,表被动）表被动）作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,表被动）表被动）作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,表被动）表被动）辨析几类情况：1.动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为为;不定式不定式 做主语

32、常表示某次具体的行为或做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。将来的动作。Climbing mountains is great fun.爬山很有趣。爬山很有趣。To visit China is my next goal.2.不定式做主语，一般用不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.3.动名词作主语有时用动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动作形式主语，把动名词置于句名词置于句 尾。常见于以下句型中：尾。常见于以下句型中：Its no u

33、se/good/Its fun/useful/nice/useless e.g Its nice seeing you again.一、不定式与动名词做主语：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1._ a language requires time and effort.A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Being learned2.It is not always easy _ invitations.A.to refuse B.refusing C.to be refused D.being refused3.How _ the problem will be dis

34、cussed at tomorrows meeting.A.to solve B.to be solved C.being solved D.solving4.It is no good _.You should give_.A.to smoke,it up B.smoking,it up C.smoking,up it D.to smoke,up it二、不定式与动名词做宾语：二、不定式与动名词做宾语：v1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happ

35、en,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。等。ve.g.He agreed to get someone to help us.v They promised not to break the school rules again.只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 decide to do sth.决定做某事决定做某事 want w

36、ould like to do sth.想做某事想做某事 plan to do sth.计划做某计划做某 need to do sth.需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事能做某事 be used to do 被用来做被用来做 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事未能做某事2.在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾在下列动词或动词短语

37、后常用动名词做宾语：语：admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannot help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,give up,imagine.include,keep,keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insist on,be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keepfrom,stop(from),protectfro

38、m,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,admit to,be/get/become used to,be equal to,devoteto,get down to,look forward to,object to,stick to,take to,see to,lead to,pay attention to等。等。只能接只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑（押韵）（押韵）only to find D._(give)such

39、Jane kept silent,trying not to show her feelings.To sleep B.-Well,now I regret _ that.分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。They stop to smoke.to eat not D._(ill),he didnt go to school.to interestto be fishing D.to steal B.动词-ing形式的被动语态paying C._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.It is an honor for me to be a

40、sked to speak here.作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语补足语之前的宾语；非谓语动词的七大经典原则若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。The man talking with my father is Mr.喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth.花费花费做某事做某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做忙于做 imagine sb.doing sth.想象想象做某事做某事 cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事忍不住做某事 feel like doi

41、ng sth.想要做某事想要做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事完成做某事 practice doing sth.练习做某事练习做某事 miss doing sth.错过做某事错过做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事建议做某事 keep(on)doing sth.保持（继续）做某事保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事介意做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事值得做某事 consider doing sth.考虑做某事考虑做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑 介词介词+doing 常考介词常考介词:at

42、,in,on of,off,for,from up,about,without to 等等等等 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing 坚持做某事坚持做某事 be used for doing sth.被用来做某事被用来做某事 thank sb.for doing sth.谢谢某人做某事谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事害怕做某事 put off doi

43、ng 推迟做某事推迟做某事stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事放弃做某事without doing sth.没有做某事没有做某事think about doing sth.考虑做某事考虑做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么样做某事怎么样?此此to 非彼非彼to look forward to doing sth.（盼望）（盼望）pay attention to doing sth.（注意）（注意）be used to doing sth.（习惯于）（习惯于）prefer doing sth

44、 to doing sth.（更喜欢）（更喜欢）devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于）make a contribution to doing（做贡献）（做贡献）特殊词精讲特殊词精讲:to do doing remember forger(do在后在后)要做要做（do在前）做过在前）做过stop go on（两个字）两件事（两个字）两件事（一个字）一件事（一个字）一件事likehatelove一次性一次性 长期长期 try 尽力做尽力做 尝试做尝试做 startbegin一样一样 一样一样 stop doing/to dostop to do停下来去做另一件事，停下来去做

45、另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。他们停下来吸烟。They stop to smoke.我必须戒烟了我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking.forget to do忘记要去做某事，忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。忘记做过某事。Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关没有做关灯的动作灯的动作The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）他忘记他已经关了

46、灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）He forgot turning the light off.forget doing/to do remember doing/to doremember to do 记得去做某事记得去做某事remember doing记得做过某事记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。记着放学后去趟邮局。Remember to go to the post office after school.你不记得以前见过那个人吗你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Dont you remember seeing the man before?Lets try repairing it.but I had

47、 to work extra hours to finish a report.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.to have been translatedcleaning发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌.to be doingteaching D.findingNo thanks.非谓语动词作定语时，逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词；Li Ming is said _ abroad.being persuadedwent B.决定做某事to get D.No matter how hard it is,well keep _ until

48、 we make it.v-ing形式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.hanginggo on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。继续做原来做的事。Eg：做完数学后，他接着去做物理。做完数学后，他接着去做物理。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习做

49、完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.try doing/to do sth.try to do sth.努力努力,尽力做某事尽力做某事Although maths is difficult,I will try to study it.try doing sth.试着做某事试着做某事The machine couldnt work.Lets try repairing it.小试牛刀小试牛刀1.Now more and more people are busy_ about th

50、e Internet.A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 2.-Its too hot.Would you mind _the door?-_.Please do it.A.to open;OK B.opening;Certainly not C.opening;Of course D.to open;Good idea 3.No matter how hard it is,well keep _ until we make it.A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying 4.-Are you enjoying _in