高考情态动词用法总结课件.ppt

1、1Revision for Modal Verbs 2The basic uses of Modal Verbs 6、Dare 7、Need 8、ought to 9、三点说明、三点说明 10、典型错误典型错误 1、Can/could 2、May/might 3、Must 4、Shall/should 5、will/would 31.Can 1.表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages.2.表示允许 Can I borrow the book from the library.3.表示可能性 Shanghai can be very cold in M

2、arch.Could 过去式；语气更委婉2.Can 与 be able to1.Can 表示习惯能力，表示习惯能力，而而be able to表示经过那里而做成了某事。表示经过那里而做成了某事。2.在否定结构中，二者可以互换。在否定结构中，二者可以互换。3.can./could+have+p.p1.在否定、疑问句中表示在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生行为对过去发生行为 的可能性猜测。的可能性猜测。2.在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做本来可以做而未做”1.The door was lacked.She couldnt have been at home.2.You could hav

3、e been more careful.41.May 1.表示可能性2.表示允许3.表示祝愿Might 过去式；语气更委婉2.may/might+have+p.p1.在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测 “也许是也许是”2.Might+have+p.p表示虚拟，表表示虚拟，表“劝告、责备之意。劝告、责备之意。”Eg.1.She may be still waiting for us.2.May I come in?3.May you have a happy holiday.Eg.1.He might have spoken to her yesterday

4、.2.You might have told me earlier.51.Must 1.表示肯定的猜测表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句，但只用于肯定句，2.而而mustnt 表示表示“禁止、不准禁止、不准”2.Must、have to 与have got to1.Must表示主观表示主观2.Have to表示客观需求表示客观需求3.Have got to 多见于口语多见于口语3.must+have+p.p对过去事情的肯定猜测。对过去事情的肯定猜测。Eg.The road id wet.It must have rained last night.61、Shall/should 1、第一、三人称疑

5、问句中表示、第一、三人称疑问句中表示“请求请求 或征求对方意见。或征求对方意见。Eg.Shall I get you a cup of coffee?2、第二、三人称陈述句中、第二、三人称陈述句中1、表示允诺、表示允诺“会（得到）。会（得到）。2、表示命令、表示命令/警告警告威胁威胁“该回必须该回必须”2、shall/should +have+p.p ought to表示本应该做而未做。表示本应该做而未做。should 过去式 语气更委婉Eg.You should have been five minutes ago.7Will/would 1、表示意愿、表示意愿 Ill try my bes

6、t to overcome the difficulty.2、表示意图、表示意图What will you do?3、表示请示、表示请示 Will you halp me to put these books in order?4、表示习惯动作、表示习惯动作She will sit for hours without saying a word.Would 与 used to 1、Would 后只能接表示动作的动词。后只能接表示动作的动词。2、used to 则还可以接表示状态的动词。则还可以接表示状态的动词。Eg.He used to be a worker.81、情态动词用于否定、疑问句；

7、条件从句中。、情态动词用于否定、疑问句；条件从句中。eg.1.Dare you go here alone?2.How dare you do such follish things?3.I wont allow you to swim in the river,even if you dare do it.Dare/dared2、做实意动词后加不定式。、做实意动词后加不定式。eg.I have never dared to tell him about it.9Need/needed 1、情态动词用于否定句，疑问句。2、实意动词用法似dare,用作不定式。3、need+not+have+p.

8、p 表示“本来不需要做而做了。10Ought to 1、其否定式为、其否定式为ought not to2、ought to+have+p.p 表示本来应该做而没有做到。表示本来应该做而没有做到。Eg.You ought not to have cut away the trees around the old building.11三点说明三点说明1、情态动词+v 表示对现在或将来现在或将来动作的猜测。情态动词+have+p.p表示对过去过去动作的猜测。2、情态动词的过去式与原形相比，多点礼貌，少点冒昧，语气更为委婉。情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答：Can you sing?May I come

9、 in?Must I handin the book now?Need I finish it now?Yes,I can.No,I cant.Yes,you may.No,you mustnt.Yes,you must.No,neednt/dont have to.Yes,you must.No,you neednt.121.He mustnt be in the classroom.()Cant2.You might leave the bag on the bag.()might have left3.You must have seen the film last week,havet

10、 you?()didnt you 4.Li ming must have been to Japan,didnt he?()hasnt he几组与情态动词有关的句型结构1cant help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事2cannot help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事3do everything/all one can to do sth尽其所能去做某事，尽力做某事注意：类似的表达还有sb do what one can to do sth；do/try ones best to do sth。4might/may as well最好，还是为好。5can not/never

11、too形容词/副词再也不为过，越越好。虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念 一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去相反的相反的假设假设与与将来将来相反的相反的假设假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语should,would,migh

12、t,couldhave done1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语should,would might,could动词原形省略句 在条件句中，可省略 if，把were,had,should 提到句首，变为倒装句式If I were at school again,I would study harder.Were I at school again,I would study harder.If you had come earlier,you would have met him.Had you come earlie

13、r,you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句、wish 后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would,might,could动词原形I wish(that)I were a bird.I wish(that)I had seen the film last nigh

14、t.I wish(that)I wouldcould go.2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desire etc.We suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。The smile on his face

15、 suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱 1.It is(high/about)time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略三、虚拟语气在其他从句中It is high time that you went /should go to school.2.If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情

16、况,应用过去完成时态 If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3.would rather+从句动词用过去式或过去完成时I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.4.as if(as though)看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done).He treats/treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/spoke as if he had known about it