最新中考英语语法专题复习动词课件.pptx

1、1.1.系动词系动词2.2.实义动词（及物和不及物）实义动词（及物和不及物）3.3.助动词助动词4.4.情态动词情态动词系动词：连系表语的词。系动词：连系表语的词。系动词有词义，不能独立做谓系动词有词义，不能独立做谓语。语。He is wrong.(系词系词+表语做谓语表语做谓语)一、系动词一、系动词 bebe（am,is,are,was,weream,is,are,was,were）感官动词感官动词 (look,smell,taste,sound,feel,seem)(look,smell,taste,sound,feel,seem)表示发展变化的词表示发展变化的词 (turn,get,ke

2、ep,become)(turn,get,keep,become)系动词系动词他是强壮的。He is strong.你必须保持健康。You must keep healthy.树叶变绿了。The leaves turn green.莉莉似乎很生气。Lily seems very angry.1.Autumn is coming,the leaves 1.Autumn is coming,the leaves _yellow._yellow.2.The girl _beautiful.2.The girl _beautiful.3.The food_delicious.3.The food_del

3、icious.4.Autumn is coming,it_colder 4.Autumn is coming,it_colder and colder.and colder.5.That song _ well.5.That song _ well.turnlookstastesgetssounds能独立做谓语的词，按句法作用分能独立做谓语的词，按句法作用分为及物和不及物动词。为及物和不及物动词。I I hithit her.her.He He cutcut his finger.his finger.The sun The sun risesrises.及物vt.不及物vi.及物vt.hur

4、t-hurt-hurthurt-hurt-hurt（受伤、伤（受伤、伤害）害）say-said-said say-said-said stand-stood-stood stand-stood-stood spend-spent-spentspend-spent-spentthink-thought-thought think-thought-thought buy-bought-bought buy-bought-bought bring-brought-broughtbring-brought-broughtcatch-caught-caught catch-caught-caught t

5、each-taught-taughtteach-taught-taughthold-held-heldhold-held-heldlend-lent-lent lend-lent-lent send-sent-sent send-sent-sent leave-left-left leave-left-left meet-met-met meet-met-met sweep-swept-swept sweep-swept-swept sleep-slept-slept sleep-slept-slept keep-kept-keptkeep-kept-keptO Orise-rose-rise

6、n rise-rose-risen write-wrote-written write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen steal-stole-stolen O Oride-rode-ridden ride-rode-ridden O Odrive-drove-driven drive-drove-driven sing-sang-sungsing-sang-sungO Otake-took-taken take-took-taken O Ogive-gave-given give-gav

7、e-given fly-flew-flownfly-flew-flownO Oknow-knew-known know-knew-known O Othrow-threw-thrown throw-threw-thrown eat-ate-eaten eat-ate-eaten forget-forgot-forgottenforget-forgot-forgottenI like it.I like it.其中其中likelike是实意动词，如何变否定疑问是实意动词，如何变否定疑问.用用dodo来帮助它，我们把来帮助它，我们把dodo、doesdoes、diddid等等称为助动词。称为助动词

8、。I dont like it.I dont like it.Do you like it?Do you like it?助动词，无词义，不能独立做谓语，助动词，无词义，不能独立做谓语，帮助构成时（态），语（态），否（定句）和帮助构成时（态），语（态），否（定句）和疑（问句）。疑（问句）。常见助动词有五个，常见助动词有五个，be,do,have,shall,will.be构成被动与进行，构成被动与进行，do构成疑问和否定构成疑问和否定have构成现在完成时，构成现在完成时，shall,will表示将来时表示将来时1.I am watering the flowers.1.I am wateri

9、ng the flowers.帮助构成（现在帮助构成（现在/过去）进行时。过去）进行时。2.Tom was hit by his father 2.Tom was hit by his father yesterday.yesterday.帮助构成被动语态。帮助构成被动语态。小测试：小测试：She is Lily.(is She is Lily.(is 是助动词吗？是助动词吗？)答案：答案：NO.NO.I have a book.I have a book.其中其中havehave是助动词吗？是助动词吗？答案：答案：NO.NO.have/had+V.have/had+V.过去分词过去分词现在完

10、成时现在完成时/过去完成时过去完成时 其中其中havehave是助动词吗？是助动词吗？答案：答案：YES.YES.用于一般将来时态。用于一般将来时态。willwill用于所有人称，用于所有人称，shallshall只用于第一只用于第一人称。人称。She will finish her homework in She will finish her homework in ten minutes.ten minutes.Shall I take an umbrella?Shall I take an umbrella?She can speak French and I She can spea

11、k French and I cant.cant.什么叫情态动词？什么叫情态动词？表示说话人对所述动作的看法表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或状态。状态。He can speak English well,but I He can speak English well,but I cant.cant.We must stay here.We must stay here.情态动词有词义，不能单独做情态动词有词义，不能单独做谓语，无人称和数的变化，后面谓语，无人称和数的变化，后面必须接动词原形。必须接动词原形。1.1.三个都表三个都表“

12、能力能力”could could 是是cancan的过去式。的过去式。eg:I couldnt speak English.eg:I couldnt speak English.I can speak English now.I can speak English now.将来能力使用将来能力使用shall/will/be able to.shall/will/be able to.eg:I will be able to speak eg:I will be able to speak French.French.2.2.can/could can/could 表表“请求、允许请求、允许”c

13、ould could 比比can can 更委婉。更委婉。eg:Could I borrow your eg:Could I borrow your book?book?3.3.can/could can/could 表表“怀疑、推测怀疑、推测”可能性可能性 cant becant be eg:It cant be Lilys eg:It cant be Lilys bag.bag.1.1.表表“请求、许可请求、许可”might might 比比maymay更委更委婉、客气。婉、客气。eg:May I come in?eg:May I come in?Might I come in?Might

14、 I come in?2.2.“可能可能”，表推测。，表推测。可能性可能性 may be might bemay be might beeg:He may come tomorrow.eg:He may come tomorrow.He might come tomorrow.He might come tomorrow.必须必须 不得不不得不1.must表表个人意志和主观上的必要个人意志和主观上的必要，意，意为为“必须必须”“”“应该应该”用于一般现在时；用于一般现在时；I must go now.2.have to表表客观上的必要客观上的必要。意为。意为“必必须须”“”“不得不不得不”除可

15、用于现在时外，还可以表将来时除可用于现在时外，还可以表将来时shall/will have to和过去式和过去式had to。1.这台电视机不能用了，我们必须买这台电视机不能用了，我们必须买台新的。台新的。This TV doesnt work.We have to buy a new one.2.那时我们必须买台新的。那时我们必须买台新的。We had to buy a new one.3.我们将不得不买台新的。我们将不得不买台新的。We will have to buy a new one.I _study hard,because I I _study hard,because I wa

16、nt to go to Beijing want to go to Beijing University.University.I _go I _go shopping,shopping,becausebecause the fridge the fridge is empty now.is empty now.musthave to1.You are his mother,you_look 1.You are his mother,you_look after him.after him.2.You are a student,you_study 2.You are a student,yo

17、u_study hard.hard.3.She would be glad if you _ help 3.She would be glad if you _ help her.her.应该应该愿意愿意理所应当理所应当ought toshouldwould must becant bemay bemight be既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。做情态动词，无人称、数变化，主要做情态动词，无人称、数变化，主要用于否定句和疑问句用于否定句和疑问句1.1.只作情态动词的有：只作情态动词的有：must,can(could),may(might)must,can(could),may(might)2.2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有needneed，daredare3.3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有可作情态动词也可作助动词的有will(would).shall(should)will(would).shall(should)4.4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有具有情态动词的某些特征的有have have to,ought toto,ought to