2019版高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 4 Sharing限时规范特训 新人教版选修7.doc

1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 4 Sharing . 阅读理解 A 2016 江苏高考 Chimps (黑猩猩 ) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能 ) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselv

2、es. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a

3、 plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random he just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish. Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share inform

4、ation and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediatel

5、y try to help. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that

6、the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的 ) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on

7、the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world. The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young

8、 children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we” ， a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. 篇章导读：本文是一篇研究报告。科学家通过比较黑猩猩和小孩子的行为得出结论，黑猩猩很自私，而很小的孩子就会帮助别人，与人合作和分享，这是人的本性。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 1 What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A Chimps seldom care

9、 about others interests. B Chimps tend to provide food for their children. C Chimps like to take in their neighbors food. D Chimps naturally share food with each other. 答案： A 细节理解题。 根据文章第二段中的实验得知，黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A 项正确。其中 C 项干扰性较大，黑猩猩只是自私，而不是喜欢那么做。 2 Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate

10、that they _. A have the instinct to help others B know how to offer help to adults C know the world better than chimps D trust adults with their hands full 答案： A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句及第四段第一句得知，小孩帮助他人是出于本能。故 A 项正确。 B 项太片面； C、 D 两项文中没提到。 3 The passage is mainly about _. A the helping behaviors of young c

11、hildren B ways to train childrens shared intentionality C cooperation as a distinctive human nature D the development of intelligence in children 答案： C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行的实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。 A 项干扰性较大，文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。 B Childrens lives have changed greatly over the last 50 years. But do

12、they have a happier childhood than you or I did? Its difficult to look back on ones own childhood without some element of nostalgia (怀旧的 ). I have four brothers and sisters, and my memories are all about being with them, playing board games on the living room floor, or spending days in the street wi

13、th the other neighborhood children, racing up and down on our bikes, or exploring the nearby woods. My parents scarcely appear in these memories, except as providers either of meals or of severe blame after some particularly risky adventure. These days, in the UK at least, the nature of childhood ha

14、s changed dramatically. Firstly, families are smaller, and there are far more only children. It is common for both parents to work outside the home and there is the feeling that there just isnt time to bring up a large family, or that no one could possibly afford to have more than one child. As a re

15、sult, todays boys and girls spend much of their time alone. Another major change is that youngsters today tend to spend a huge amount of their free time at home, inside. More than anything this is due to the fact that parents 【 精品教育资源文库 】 worry far more than they used to about real or imagined dang

16、ers, so they wouldnt dream of letting their children play outside by themselves. Finally, the kind of toys children have and the way they play is totally different. Computer and video games have replaced the board games and more interesting activities of my childhood. The irony (令人啼笑皆非的事情 ) is that

17、so many ways of playing games are called “interactive”. The fact that you can play electroni c games on your own further increases the sense of loneliness felt by many young people today. Do these changes mean that children today have a less relaxing childhood than I had? I personally believe that t

18、hey do, but perhaps every generation feels exactly the same. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过回顾并分析 50 年以来儿童生活发生的变化及其原因，得出一个结论：现在的儿童们的生活不如以前的儿童生活轻松惬意。 4 What is the purpose of the direct question given in the first paragraph? A To get peoples attention and lead in the topic. B To gather peoples opinions on childho

19、od. C To show who the passage is written for. D To compare the childhood lives of two generations. 答案： A 推理判断题。根据下文讲述的内容可知，第一段提出的问题主要是引起人们的注意并导入话题。 5 Which is NOT a reason for the changes? A Families are smaller today. B Parents worried too much about their children. C Toys can be played by children

20、 alone at home. D Its too dangerous to play outside. 答案： B 细节理解题。利用排除法，根据第三段第二句中的 “Firstly, families are smaller， ” 最后一句中的 “more than they used to about real or imagined dangers”以及第四段第一句中的 “the kind of toys children have a nd the way they play is totally different” 可知， A、 C、 D 均是童年生活发生改变的原因，而 B 项中的内

21、容并非是导致童年生活改变的原因。 6 The writers attitude towards the childhood changing is _. A approving B.unconcernedC objective D.optimistic 答案： C 观点态度题。由第二段描述作者自己童年生活及第三、四段描述现在儿童的生活的方法可知，本 文作者在论述童年生活上的变化时，均是很客观地列举事例，且用事例来佐证自己的观点。故选 C。 .七选五 【 精品教育资源文库 】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Scientists and ed

22、ucators in the US and China say its important to introduce very young children to new technologies. _1_ They say that with the right approach, children learn not to be frightened of abstract thinking. Even before children learn to read and write, they can manipulatemove and control images. _2_ Mitch

23、el Resnick is codeveloper of a codelearning program called Scratch Jr. He says that is exactly what programming is all about. “Each block tells the character what to do. You snap the blocks together, and youve made a computer program. _3_ This block make the cat go to the right. This one makes the cat jump. By snapping them together I make a computer program that makes it move and then jump.” Parent