2019版高考英语一轮复习 第一编 教材回眸 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars讲义 新人教版必修3.doc

1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 【题目优选】 假如你叫李华，接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇有关 UFO 的文章。 请根据以下信息，简要介绍 UFO。 名称简介 UFO 是 Unidentified Flying Object 的缩写 世界十大未解之谜之一 有关事件 首次目击报告是在 1878 年的美国 从那以后目击报告层出不穷，有许多是虚假的 人们的看法 来自其他行星的太空飞船 一种自然现象 外星人 研究状况 约三分之一的国家对 UFO 展开研究 大量关于 UFO 的图书和期刊出版 有些大学开设 UFO 课

2、程 参考词汇：外星人 alien 【经典范文】 UFO, which is short for Unidentified Flying Object, has long been regarded as one of the top 10 unsolved mysteries in the world. The first UFO sighting was reported to have happened in America in 1878. Since then, numerous sightings have been reported all over the world, many

3、 of which turned out to be false. Some people think UFOs are spaceships from other planets.Others believe that theyre just a kind of natural phenomenon and still others guess theyre aliens. Now about one third of the countries in the world are doing research on UFOs, about which many books and journ

4、als have been published, and in some universities courses are even set up to study UFOs. 【名师点拨】 本文细节完整，层次清晰，文中运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如： be short for (是 ?的简称 )， be regarded as (被认为是 ?), turn out to be ( 结果证明是 ?), set up( 建立，成立 )等。并且运用了多样化的句式结构。如：定语从句： which is short for Unidentified Flying Object, many of whic

5、h turned out to be false, about which many books and journals have been published; 宾语从句： that theyre just a kind of natural phenomenon and still others guess theyre aliens 等。这些短语和句式的运用都很准确、地道，充分体现了作者扎实的语言运用能力，提升了文章档次。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 1核心单词 (1)system(n.) 系统；体系；制度 (2)theory(n.) 学说；理论 theoretical(adj.) 理

6、论上的 (3)violent(adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 violence(n.) 暴力 violently (adv.) 猛烈地 (4)unlike(prep.) 与 ? 不同；不像 ( 反义词 ) like(prep. & v ) 像；喜欢 dislike(v.& n ) 不喜欢 (5)harmful(adj.) 有害的 harm(n.) 害处 (vt.) 对 ? 有害 (6)exist(vi.) 存在；生存 existence(n.) 存在 (7)puzzle(vt.& vi.) (使 )迷惑； (使 )为难 (n.) 谜；难题 puzzled(adj.) 迷惑不解的 (8)pu

7、ll(n.& vt.) 拉 (力 )；拖；牵引 力 2阅读单词 (1)religion (n.) 宗教；宗教信仰 (2)billion (pron. & n. & adj.) (英旧 )万亿 ； (美 )十亿 (3)globe (n.) 球体；地球仪；地球 (4)atmosphere (n.) 大气层；气氛 (5)fundamental (adj.) 基本的；基础的 (6)chain (n.) 链子；连锁；锁链 (7)multiply (vi. & vt.) 乘；增加 (8)thus (adv.) 因此；于是 (9)biology (n.) 生物学 (10)gravity (n.) 万有引力；

8、重力 (11)gentle (adj.) 温和的；文雅的 (12)climate (n.) 气候 (13)crash (vi. & vt.) 碰撞；坠落 (14)float (vt. & vi.) (使 )浮动 (n.) 漂浮物 【即景活用】 用括号内所给的单词的适当形式填空 1 Harvard University takes in any outstanding student regardless of _(religious), colour or background. 答案： religion 2 Water _(exist) in three forms, which are l

9、iquid, gas and solid. 答案： exists 3 Some experts think reading is the _(fundament) skill upon which school education depends. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 答案： fundamental 4 Fruit juice can be _(harm) to childrens teeth. 答案： harmful 5 There is a lot of rubbish _(float) on the surface of the river. 答案： floating 6 Wha

10、t makes me _(puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone. 答案： puzzled 7 Many people are worried about the facts about _(globe) warming. 答案： global 8 She got interested in plants and decided to be a _(biology) 答案： biologist 9 The volcano erupted _(violent), yet the village at the foot o

11、f it survived. 答案： violently 10 The man took the little boy _(gentle) in his hand and put him up into the tree. 答案： gently 联想积累 1 “ 太空 ” 单词集锦 astronomer n天文学家 astronomy n天文学 astronaut n宇航员 satellite n卫星 orbit n轨道 universe n宇宙 gravity n重力；引力 spaceship n宇宙飞船 planet n行星 2 “ 碰、撞 ” 家族 hit v碰撞 ；打击 crash v

12、碰撞；坠落 bump n. & v撞；碰撞 (声 ) collide v碰撞；相撞 collision n撞击；碰撞 run into 撞上 3 un否定前缀 unlikeprep.与 ? 不同；不像 【 精品教育资源文库 】 unhappy adj.不快乐的 unable adj.不能够的 unhealthy adj.不健康的 unfortunate adj.不幸的 unfair adj.不公平的 unimportant adj.不重要的 unusual adj.不寻常的 1 in_time 及时；终于；迟早 2 lay_eggs 下蛋 3 give_birth_to 产生；分娩 4 in

13、_ones_turn 轮到某人 5 prevent . from 阻止；制止 6 block_out 挡住 (光线 ) 7 cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 8 now that 既然 9 get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解 10 break out 突发；爆发 11 watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防 【即景活用】 用所给短语的适当形式填空 prevent . from, watch out for, now that, in time, break out, cheer up 1 He climbed the mountain carefully, all

14、the time _loose rocks. 答案： watching out for 2 Doctors say many diseases can be _spreading by hand washing. 答案： prevented from 3 _the kids have left home, we have got a lot of extra space. 答案： Now that 4 She started as an office junior, and _became the director of the whole company. 答案： in time 5 Aft

15、er a fire _in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged. 答案： broke out 6 Whenever I encounter difficulties, she will encourage me and help me _ . 答案： cheer up 联想积累 【 精品教育资源文库 】 1动词 out 短语大全 burst out 大声喊叫；突然 ? 起来 go out 外出；不再流行； (灯 )熄灭 put out 熄灭；扑灭；生产 come out 出来；出版 help out 帮助解决难题 (摆脱困境 ) look out

16、留神；注意 watch out 注意；提防 find out 找出；查明 break out 突发；爆发 2 birth 用法小结 give birth to 分娩；出现；产生 at birth 在出生时 by birth 在血统上 from birth 自出生以来 3 “ 动词 . from” 表 “ 阻止；禁止 ” 短语 prevent sb. from doing sth. discourage sb. from doing sth. stop sb. from doing sth. ban sb. from doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. 1 B

17、ut when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 2 “Oh, dear ， ” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “ 天哪， ” 我大声说， “ 重力改变了，看 来走路也的确需要练一练了。 ” 【句式仿写】 1 Jessica devote

18、d _as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time. 杰西卡付出的是以前的时间和精力的三倍，所以我相信她这次能成功。 答案： three times as much time and energy 2 _you are a big boy, you must behave better! 你既已长大，就该像些样子了吧！ 答案： Now that 【 精品教育资源文库 】 联想积累 英语中常见的倍数表达法 A be倍数 as adj./adv.原级 as B A be倍数 adj./adv.比较级 than B A be倍

19、数 the名词 (size/weight/length .) of B A be倍数 what 从句 单词点津 harmful adj. 有害的 教材原句 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 (1)be harmful to 对 ? 有害 (2)har

20、m n. & vt.伤害；损害 do harm to sb. do sb. harm 伤害某人 mean no harm to . 对 ? 没有恶意 There is no harm in doing . 不妨做 ? 【即景活用】 (1)单句语法填空 Formaldehyde is used in the building materials, which is as _(harm) a chemical to our health as melamine. As we all know, a bad eating habit does harm _ones health. 答案： harmful to (2)完成