医学精品课件：Human H1N1 and NDM-1 Research progress.ppt

1、Human H1N1 Influenza Virus Diagrammatic Representation of an Influenza A VirusCell Host&Microbe 7,June 17,2010Schematic diagram of influenza A viruses Nature 459,931-939(18 June 2009)Influenza A and B viruses circulating in the human population Morens D et al.N Engl J Med 2009;10.1056/NEJMp0904819Mo

2、rtality Associated with Influenza Pandemics and Selected Seasonal Epidemic Events,1918-2009The 1918 flu virus is resurrectedNATURE,794-795,Vol 437,6 October 2005Timeline of swine-origin H1N1 virus outbreak Genesis of swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses 中国H1N1流行情况死亡率：0.4/10000Life cycle of the influe

3、nza virus and targets for therapeutic intervention达菲 Cell 139,12431254,December 24,2009Integrative Strategy to Generate a Physical,Regulatory,and Functional Map of Influenza-Host InteractionsCell 139,12551267,December 24,2009A Map of Viral-Human Protein Interactions Identifies a Dense Interconnected

4、 Network,Coupled to Key CellularSignaling PathwaysCell 139,12551267,December 24,2009Integrated Model of Influenza A Virus Host FactorsCell 139,12431254,December 24,2009IFITM Proteins Act as Antiviral Restriction FactorsCell 139,12431254,December 24,2009NDM-1超级病菌超级病菌(Superbugs)Zhongbin Chen,Ph.D2010-

5、12-17Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India,Pakistan,and the UK:a molecular,biological,and epidemiological studyThe Lancet Infectious Diseases,Volume 10,Issue 9,Pages 597-602,September 2010,Published Online August 11,2010FindingsWe identified 44 isolates with NDM-1 in Chennai,26

6、 in Haryana,37 in the UK,and 73 in other sites in India and Pakistan.NDM-1 was mostly found among Escherichia coli(36)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(111),which were highly resistant to all antibiotics except to tigecycline and colistin.K pneumoniae isolates from Haryana were clonal but NDM-1 producers fr

7、om the UK and Chennai were clonally diverse.Most isolates carried the NDM-1 gene on plasmids:those from UK and Chennai were readily transferable whereas those from Haryana were not conjugative.Many of the UK NDM-1 positive patients had travelled to India or Pakistan within the past year,or had links

8、 with these countries.NDM-1超级病菌超级病菌 指携带编码NDM-1酶的基因的细菌。大多数NDM-1超级病菌出现在大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中。NDM-1基因存在于DNA的结构中，被称为质粒。质粒可以在细菌中自由复制和移动，从而使“超级病菌”的菌种有多种可能，具有传播和变异的惊人潜能。NDM-1 NDM-1全称New Delhi metallo-lactamase 1（新德里金属-内酰胺酶).这种酶可分解-内酰胺环结构，因此可使任何含-内酰胺环结构的蛋白质失效。由于目前为止临床最常用的抗生素，包括青霉素与头孢菌素，以及新发展的头霉素类、硫霉素类、单环-内酰胺类等其他非典型-

9、内酰胺类抗生素，都含有-内酰胺环结构，因此携带这种酶的细菌可以使几乎所有抗生素失效（即只要该抗生素含有-内酰胺环结构）。NDM-1超级病菌超级病菌-疫情已向全球蔓延疫情已向全球蔓延 超级细菌NDM-1有蔓延全球的趋势.在印度等南亚国家出现.已经蔓延到英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、荷兰等国家.至2010年9月，英国有超过70人感染这种NDM-1“超级细菌”，印度和巴基斯坦的感染人数则超过170人 比利时、荷兰、奥地利、法国、德国、肯尼亚、澳大利亚、日本等国都出现了感染个案。Antibiotic susceptibilities for NDM-1-positive Enterobacteriac

10、eae isolated in the UK and north(Chennai)and south India(Haryana) Vol 10 September 2010The Lancet Infectious Diseases,Vol.10(12),P.830-831,Dec.2010 Global spread of New Delhi metallo-lactamase 1Antimicrobial susceptibilities for NDM-1-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in patients A and B粘霉素Distribution of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Bangladesh,Indian,Pakistan,and the UKAmino acid sequences of NDM-1复习题1.名词:NDM-1:2:流感病毒复制周期