新指南安全性推荐解读2课件.pptx
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1、2013 ACC/AHA 降低成人动脉粥样硬化性心血管风险胆固醇治疗指南余丹青广东省人民医院 广东省心血管病研究所2013 AHA/ACC 新指南推荐大部分4类他汀获益人群使用高强度他汀Stone NJ,et al.JACC (2013),doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002.1.已存在ASCVD 如无禁忌症或年龄3 times ULN.无法解释的谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)升高正常上限的3倍;Patient characteristics or concomitant use of drugs affecting statin metabolism.同时使用影响他汀类药物代
2、谢的其他药物。75 years of age 年龄75岁Safety Recommendations for Statins 2.2a.CK should not be routinely measured in individuals receiving statin therapy.IIIA 不建议常规监测肌酸激酶(CK)水平2.2b.Baseline measurement of CK is reasonable for individuals believed to be at increased risk for adverse muscle events.IIaC 肌肉不良事件风险
3、高者监测CK基线水平2.2c.It is reasonable to measure CK in individuals with muscle symptoms.IIaC 出现肌肉症状须监测CKSafety Recommendations for Statins 2.8.to evaluate and treat muscle symptoms in statin-treated patients according to the following management algorithm:评估及治疗肌肉症状 obtain a history of prior or current mus
4、cle symptoms to establish a baseline before initiating statin therapy.起始他汀类药物治疗之前应详细询问既往或目前肌肉症状病史,避免不必要的停药。If unexplained severe muscle symptoms or fatigue develop,promptly discontinue the statin and address the possibility of rhabdomyolysis by evaluating CK,creatinine,and a urinalysis for myoglobin
5、uria.若出现无法解释的严重的肌肉症状或疲劳症状加重,则立即停药,并检测CK、肌酐水平,查尿液分析有无肌红蛋白尿以明确是否存在横纹肌溶解。If mild to moderate muscle symptoms develop 轻中度肌肉症状加重 Discontinue the statin until the symptoms can be evaluated.停药 Evaluate the patient for other conditions that might increase the risk for muscle symptoms检查加重肌肉症状的其他疾病 If muscle
6、symptoms resolve,and if no contraindication exists,give the patient the original or a lower dose of the same statin to establish a causal relationship between the muscle symptoms and statin therapy.停药后若肌肉症状消失,且无明确禁忌,则给予低剂量相同他汀类药物,以明确是否存在因果关系。If a causal relationship exists,discontinue the original s
7、tatin.Once muscle symptoms resolve,use a low dose of a different statin.若因果关系存在,则停药,待肌肉症状缓解后换用低剂量其他种类他汀Once a low dose of a statin is tolerated,gradually increase the dose as tolerated.若因果关系不存在,患者可耐受低剂量他汀类药物,则逐渐加量至所能耐受的最大剂量。If,after 2 months without statin treatment,muscle symptoms or elevated CK le
8、vels do not resolve completely,consider other causes of muscle symptoms.停药2个月后肌肉症状未完全缓解,CK水平未降至正常,则需考虑其他引起肌肉症状的原因。If persistent muscle symptoms are determined to arise from a condition unrelated to statin therapy,or if the predisposing condition has been treated,resume statin therapy at the original
9、 dose.确定肌肉症状与他汀类药物无关或增加肌肉症状风险的疾病确定肌肉症状与他汀类药物无关或增加肌肉症状风险的疾病已被治疗后,继续服用初始剂量他汀类药物已被治疗后,继续服用初始剂量他汀类药物Safety Recommendations for Statins 2.9.A confusional state or memory impairment,to evaluate the patient for nonstatin causes,as well as for systemic and neuropsychiatric causes,possibility of adverse effe
10、cts associated with statin drug therapy.IIb C 出现精神混乱或记忆障碍,须排除他汀类药物不良反应的可能及非他汀类药物原因,是否存在全身及神经系统疾病等Nonstatin Safety Recommendations 3.4.Safety of Cholesterol-Absorption Inhibitors胆固醇吸收抑制剂3.4.1.It is reasonable to obtain baseline hepatic transaminases before initiating ezetimibe.When ezetimibe is coadm
11、inistered with a statin,monitor transaminase levels as clinically indicated,and discontinue ezetimibe if persistent ALT elevations 3 times ULN occur.IIa,B服用依服用依折麦布前需检测肝脏折麦布前需检测肝脏ALTALT基础水平。若与他汀类药物联基础水平。若与他汀类药物联用时密切监测用时密切监测ALTALT变化。当变化。当ALTALT升至正常上限升至正常上限3 3倍时停用依折麦倍时停用依折麦布布3.5.Safety of Omega-3 Fatty
12、 Acids -3脂肪酸脂肪酸3.5.1.If EPA and/or DHA are used for the management of severe hypertriglyceridemia,defined as triglycerides 500 mg/dL,it is reasonable to evaluate the patient for gastrointestinal disturbances,skin changes,and bleeding.IIa,B 重重度高度高TGTG血症(血症(TGTG 500 mg/500 mg/dLdL )患者应用二十碳五患者应用二十碳五烯酸(
13、烯酸(EPAEPA)和和/或二十二或二十二碳六烯酸(碳六烯酸(DHADHA)时应注意胃肠功能)时应注意胃肠功能紊乱、皮肤改变及出血。紊乱、皮肤改变及出血。3.6.Safety of Fibrates 贝特类贝特类3.6.1.Gemfibrozil should not be initiated in patients on statin therapy because of an increased risk for muscle symptoms and rhabdomyolysis.III,B不建议吉非罗齐与他汀类药物联用3.6.2.Fenofibrate may be considere
14、d concomitantly with a low-or moderate-intensity statin only if the benefits from ASCVD risk reduction or triglyceride lowering when triglycerides are 500 mg/dL,are judged to outweigh the potential risk for adverse effects.IIb,C只有当TG5.6mmol/L或在降低ASCVD事件方面的获益超过潜在风险时,可考虑非诺贝特与中-低强度他汀类药物联用Nonstatin Safe
15、ty Recommendations Nonstatin Safety Recommendations 3.6.3.Renal status evaluated before fenofibrate initiation,within 3 months after initiation,and every 6 months thereafter.非非诺贝诺贝特使用前及特使用前及3 3个月后个月后复查肾功能,复查肾功能,此后每此后每6 6个月个月复查复查1次 eGFR 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2:Fenofibrate should not be used eGFR 30-59
16、mL/min per 1.73 m2,the dose of fenofibrate 3倍正常上限亚裔人群与全部研究人群相似肌肉安全性肌病亚裔人群仅1例横纹肌溶解亚裔人群无CK10倍正常上限亚裔人群8例Chan J et al.Poster GW23-e2689,presented at the 23rd Great Wall International Congress of Cardiology(GW-ICC)&the Asia Pacific Heart Congress(APHC),October 1114,2012;Beijing,China.临床中,如何选择安全他汀?出血性卒中 亚
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