2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars基础达标练 新人教版必修3.doc

1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars *阅读理解。 Pollutions great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率） ,less reliance on fossil（化石 ) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists

2、 agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm. The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the countrys total energy use, 12

3、% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放） , according to the Environment Protection Agency. Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Bui

4、lders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle construction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护） and demolition（拆毁） than those who construct more regular buildings. The environmental benefits of building green include the protection o

5、f ecosystems（生态系统） and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving

6、 the health of people who live in such buildings. The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In

7、addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances. Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化） human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure

8、in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风） and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small. Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use an

9、d cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants. Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable e

10、nergy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能） and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment. 1.What is the text mainly about? A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency. B. The process of building green buildings. C

11、. The benefits and features of green buildings. D. Green buildings effects on the environment. 2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that_. A. produce no waste B. only use clean energy C. are made of recycled materials D. use energy and resources more efficiently 3.Which of

12、 the following statements is TRUE about green buildings? A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity. B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones. C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building. D. They are difficult to maintai

13、n and thus need more operating costs. 4.Why are green roofs used ? A. They fit the surrounding environment well B. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofs C. They can keep natural water for use in everyday life D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well 【 精品教育资源文库 】 【文章大意】在

14、本文中作者主要分析了 green building 的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中 Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than

15、traditional building.和倒数第二段第一句 Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句 Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是 Green buildings 的很多的好处和特征。故 C 正确。 3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 Th

16、e environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统） and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选 C。 4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 These roofs are partly or completely cover

17、ed with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可 知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选 D。 *单句语法填空 1 (2017 北京高考 )Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 答案： whoever whoever “ 无论谁 ” ，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于 anyone who。

18、2 My relationship with the actors is fundamental _my work as a director. 答案： to be fundamental to . “? 是 ? 的基础 ” 。 3 I can say that it is the _(violence) film that I have ever seen. 答案： most violent 由 “that I have ever seen” 可知，此处应用形容词最高级。 4 His last paintings are perhaps the most _(puzzle), which e

19、ven the 【 精品教育资源文库 】 artists cant make sense of. 答案： puzzling 此处形容词 puzzling “ 令人困惑的 ” 作表语，描述主语 paintings的本质特征。 5 _exists a good way to solve the problem in geography. 答案： There There exists . “ 存在 ? ；有 ?” 。 6 As secondhand smoking is _(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking i

20、n public. 答案： harmful 此处形容词 harmful “ 有害的 ” 作表语。 7 She bought a heavy curtain _(block) out the light. 答案： to block 此处动词不定式短语 to block out 作目的状语。 8 Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer _ , hoping to make his parents less worried. 答案： up cheer up “( 使 )感到高兴， (使 )振作起来 ” 。 9 Measures have been ta

21、ken to prevent the river from _(pollute) 答案： being polluted prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “ 阻止某人 /某物做某事 ” ，且本句中 pollute 和 river 存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填动名词的被动结构。 10 _(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing. 答案： Unlike 根据语意可知， “ 并不像 ” 你所猜测的那样，故填 Unlike，引导名词性从句。

22、 *完形填空。 (2018 河北衡水中学高三下学期模拟考试 ) It impressed me a lot.I never thought that little help will _1_ out to be the most satisfying thing I have ever done.He was tired， and _2_ to climb further.With a broad _3_， he asked if I could help him with some money.He was paralyzed(瘫痪 ) in both legs and was _4_ fu

23、nds for some operation.He said that if operated successfully， he could _5_ a training guaranteeing him a job.I was full of _6_ and even asked him to show his legs.I gave him the _7_ money.After a few days，he again came at my doorstep asking for more money for accommodation.This time I was more or less _8_ he was not cheating me.I gave him some and said， “This is all I have.” A year went by and I had moved to a(n) _9_ place.One fine day I got a call from an unknown number.Caller called out his name but I didnt _10_ him.Then he 【 精品教育资源文库 】 said he was the very paralyzed pe