气、血和津液双语医学课件.ppt
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1、气、血和津液Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine气第二节一第二节一彭丹凤彭丹凤Part one qiQIQI(气)气)v Concept(概念)v Formation(生成)v Function(功能)v Movement(运动)v Types(分类)Concept(概念)v Philosophical concept Philosophical concept:Qi refers to all the tiny substances in existence in the universe which is exercising continu
2、ously and immaterial,it is the same fountainhead in the universe.v 哲学概念:哲学概念:指存在与宇宙之中的不断运动且无形指存在与宇宙之中的不断运动且无形可见的极细微物质,是宇宙万物的共同构成本源。可见的极细微物质,是宇宙万物的共同构成本源。Concept(概念)vMedicinal conceptMedicinal concept:Qi refers to the very small substance in existence in the human body which exercises continuously an
3、d be full of energy,it is one of the fundamental substances constituting the human body and maintaining its life activities.v医学概念:医学概念:是人体内活力很强、运行不息的极精微是人体内活力很强、运行不息的极精微物质,是构成人体和维持人体生命活动的基本物质物质,是构成人体和维持人体生命活动的基本物质之一。之一。congenital qi(先天之精气)先天之精气)fresh air inhaled from the natural world(自然界的清气)自然界的清气)
4、cereal essence(水谷之精气)水谷之精气)Qi in the human body Formation(生成)kidneyslungspleenFunction(功能)A.Promoting Action of Qi(推动功能)推动功能)Qi,as a sort of refined substance full of vigour,plays a promoting and activating role in the growth and development of the human body,the physiological activities of the zang
5、-fu organs and meridians,the production and circulation of blood,as well as the production,distribution and excretion of body fluid.B.Warming Action of Qi(温煦功能)温煦功能)Whether mans body temperature is normal or not depends on the warming action of qi.Only through the warming action of qi can all zang-f
6、u organs,meridians and other structures perform their normal functional activities,and can such liquid substances as blood and body fluid circulate normally.FunctionC.Defending Action of Qi(防御功能)防御功能)Qi has defending function to defend the body surface against the exogenous pathogens and to combat w
7、ith the invaded exogenous pathogens to drive them out of the body.D.Controlling Action of Qi(固摄功能)固摄功能)a:Keeping the blood flowing within the vessels to prevent it from extravasating without reason.b:Controlling and regulating the secretion and excretion of sweat,urine,sperm,saliva,gastrointestinal
8、juices,etc,to maintain a relative balance of water metabolism.c:Firming the internal organs in their normal positions without prolapse.FunctionE.Action of Qi Transformation(气化功能)气化功能)Qi transformation may be defined as various kinds of changes brought about by the movement of qi.Concretely speaking,
9、it refers to the respective metabolism of essence,qi,blood and body fluid and their reciprocal transformation.For instance,food is transformed into qi,blood and body fluid;body fluid are converted into sweat and urine by metabolizing,and the residues of food,after digestion and absorption,are turned
10、 into feces to be discharged from the body.All these processes are all the specific manifestations of the action of qi transformation.To put it briefly,qi transformation is actually the process in which the substances in the body are metabolized and intertransformed.Movement(运动)运动)A.A.Concept of Con
11、cept of“qi jiqi ji”:The Movement of Qi is known as The Movement of Qi is known as“qi jiqi ji”气机的概念:气机的概念:气的运动称为气机气的运动称为气机B.B.Qi has four basic movement forms:Qi has four basic movement forms:ascending ascending (升)升)descending descending (降)降)exitingexiting (出)(出)entering entering (入)入)The ascending
12、,descending,exiting and entering of qi are mainly embodied in the physiological activities of the zang-fu organs,meridians and other processes of metabolism.Movement(运动)运动)For example,the lung governs respiration,exhaling pertains to exiting,inhaling to entering;and dispersing pertains to ascending,
13、lowering to descending.The spleen sends the clear upward and the stomach passes the turbid downward.So all kinds of physiological activities in the human body,essentially,are reflected in the four movements of qi.congenital qi(先天之精气)(先天之精气)primordial qi(元气元气)pectoral qi(宗气宗气)defensive qi(卫气卫气)nutrit
14、ive qi(营气营气)Qi in the human body Types(分类)fresh air inhaled from the natural world(自然界之清气)(自然界之清气)cereal essence(水谷之精气)(水谷之精气)A.primordial qi(元气)(元气)It is the primary motive force of life activities.Primordial qi derives from the congenital essence stored in the kidney,and depends on the acquired es
15、sence regenerated by the spleen and stomach.B.pectoral qi(宗气)宗气)It is accumulated in chest.Pectoral qi performs two main functions.One is traveling through the respiratory tract to promote respiration and the sufficiency or insufficiency of pectoral qi influences the conditions of the voice、speech o
16、r breath and so on.The other is running through the heart-meridians to promote the circulation of qi and blood.Distribution and function(分布与功能)(分布与功能)D.defensive qi(卫气)(卫气)Defensive qi runs outside the blood vessels.It has the following functions:protecting the body surface against exogenous pathoge
17、ns,controlling the opening and closing of the pores,adjusting the excretion of sweat,warming and nourishing the zang-fu organs,muscles and the skin with hairs,etc,maintaining a relatively constant body temperature.C.nutritive qi(营气)(营气)Nutritive qi is the qi that circulates together with blood in th
18、e vessels.It originates from the pure part of cereal essence transformed by the spleen and stomach and bears responsibility for the blood production and the nutrition of the whole body.Distribution and function(分布与功能)(分布与功能)血第二节二第二节二彭丹凤彭丹凤Part two bloodBLOODBLOOD(血)血)v Concept(概念)v Formation(生成)v Fu
19、nction(功能)v Movement(运动)Concept(概念)red liquid(红色液体)(红色液体)circulating in the vessels(循行于脉中)(循行于脉中)blood(血)血)rich in nutrient(富有营养)富有营养)one of the indispensable substances that constitute the human body and maintain its life activities.是构成人体和维持人体生命活动的基本物质之一 血血是循行于脉中的富有营养的红色液态样物质,是是循行于脉中的富有营养的红色液态样物质,是
20、构成和维持人体生命活动的基本物质之一构成和维持人体生命活动的基本物质之一。Formation(生成)material basis(物质基础)(物质基础)cereal essence-nutritive qi and body fluid 水谷之精水谷之精营气和津液营气和津液 kidney essence肾精肾精 Sketch map of blood formation(血液化生示意图)foodstuff(饮食水谷)cereal essence(水谷精微)(水谷精微)qi of spleen and stomach(脾胃之气)nutritive qi(营气)(营气)body fluid(津液)
21、津液)kidney essence(肾精)liver(肝)肝)heart-vessel(心脉)blood(血)血)fresh air inhaled from the natural world(自然界清气)(自然界清气)lung-qi(肺气)Kidney-qi(肾气)marrow(髓)髓)heart-qi(心气)the kidney stores the kidney stores essence,and essence essence,and essence produces marrow,they all produces marrow,they all promote the func
22、tion of promote the function of spleen and stomach,and spleen and stomach,and help to the blood help to the blood formation.formation.the liver,besides the liver,besides its function of its function of storing blood,storing blood,adjusts the volume adjusts the volume of blood flow and of blood flow
23、and maintain the normal maintain the normal flow of qi and flow of qi and blood.blood.The spleen is viewed The spleen is viewed as the source for the as the source for the production and production and transformation of qi transformation of qi and blood.and blood.The heart-qi is the The heart-qi is
24、the fundamental motive fundamental motive power to propel blood power to propel blood circulation.The lung circulation.The lung is in charge of qi of is in charge of qi of the whole body.the whole body.1 1、nourish and moistennourish and moisten(营养和滋润)营养和滋润)The blood includes the rich nutrientsThe bl
25、ood includes the rich nutrients,circulates ceaselessly Like a ring without circulates ceaselessly Like a ring without end to end to nourish and moistennourish and moisten all the organs all the organs and tissues.In this,normal physiological and tissues.In this,normal physiological activities are ma
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