（医学生物）组织胚胎学课件(13).ppt

1、 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 1 组织胚胎学课件组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用七年制英文医学班专用中国医科大学中国医科大学基础医学院基础医学院组胚组胚英文教学组英文教学组 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 2 Chapter 18Chapter 18Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 31.Components:-testis:produce the male germ

2、 cells-gametes(sperm)produce androgen-testosterone-gernital ducts:store and conduct the sperm epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory duct-accessory gland:their secretion join into semen seminal vesicle prostate bulbourethral gland penis 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 42.Testis2.Testis1)General

3、 structure:Capsule:a.tunica vaginalis:visceral layer-serosa b.tunica albuginea:thick,DCT /mediastinum testis:albuginea became thicker at posterior aspect /septum:thin septa extend radiately from mediastinum testis to divided the parenchyma into lobule 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 5 Lobule a.

4、seminiferous tubule:/highly coiled /30-70cm long,150-250 mm in D /begin as free blind end run to posterior become into straight tubule(tubules rectus)e n t e r m e d i a s t i n u m t e s t i s r e t e testisefferent ductconnect with epididymal duct b.testicular interstitial tissue:LCT between semin

5、iferous tubule 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 62)Seminiferous tubule:30-70cm long,150-250um in D-specific stratified epithelium:spermatogenic epi.(seminiferous epi)spermatogenic cellsSertoli or supporting cellmyoid cell:under basal lamina 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 7 Spermatogenic ce

6、ll:-5-8 layers-4 types of cells 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 8a.spermatogonium-outerest layer,one layer-structure:/round,ellipsoid cell/12um/round N,deep stained 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 9-classification:type A:-dark type A(Ad):ovoid,deep-stained N,stem cell-Pale type A(Ap):ovoid

7、,pale-stained N,differentiate into type B type B:round N,chromatin granules are distributed under nucleus membrane,division and differentiate into primary spermatocyte 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 10b.primary spermatocytes -diploid(2n)cell duplicate DNA tetraploid cell(4n)division -structure

8、:round cell,become largest,18 um,left the basal layerN:large,round,on different stage of division(the prophase of meiotic division up to 22 days)-through first meiosis divides into two secondary spermatocyte(2n,23X or 23Y)业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 11c.secondary spermatocyte:-nearer the lu

9、men-structure:round cell,12umN:round deep-stainedhard to see-short lived(divide quickly)-through secondary meiosis divides into two spermatid(1n,23X or 23Y)业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 12 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 13d.spermatid-structure:smallest cell,8umlocated at innerest layer-

10、through spermiogenesis:spermatid become into spermatozoa 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 14e.spermatozoa:-structure of spermatozoa:60 um lengthhead:-pear-shaped -flattened -nucleus -acrosometail:flagallum(centriole)-neck-m i d d l e s e g m e n t:mitochondria sheath-principal segment-end segmen

11、t 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 15-the processes of spermiogenesis i.condensation and elongation of N ii.formation of the acrosome-cover the anterior and lateral portion of N-contain hydrolytic enzymes for fertilizationiii.formation of flagellum:for motility iv.formation of mitochondria sheat

12、h v.discharge of useless organelle and cytoplasm 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 16 Sertoli cell-structure:LM:/columnar or pyramidal cell/rest on basal lamina/extending into lumen/no clear boundary/elongated N:triangular,ovoid,paler-stained,with prominent nucleolus 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏

13、分享】豆丁网友 17EM:/SER(more),RER(some),Golgi/mito,lysosome/MT,MF,/glycogen,lipid droplet/tight junction:basal compartment and abluminal compartment 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 18-function:a.support,protect,nourish,regulate and release germinal cell b.secret androgen-binding protein;bind to andro

14、gen,maintain the level of androgen concentration of lumen c.phagocytose degenerated cell and spermiogenic residual bodies d.constitute the blood-testis barrier 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 19 a.blood-testis barrier/components:endotheliumbasal lamina of endotheliumCTbasal lamina of seminifero

15、us tubuletight junction of sertoli cell/function:protect the seminiferous cells from auto-immune reactionresistant to most harmful factors(radiation,body temperature,infection)业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 203)interstitial tissue:-LCT-Leydig cell:structure:LM:-in groups -large,polygonal-shape

16、d cell,with round N -acidophilic cytoplasmEM:steroid-hormone secreting cellfeaturefunction:secrete testosterone-androgen 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 214)tubule rectus and rete testis-tubule rectus:simple cuboidal or low columnar epi.-rete testis:simple cuboidal epi.业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，

17、欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 22Chapter 16 Eye and EarEye and Ear 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 231.Eye1.Eye 1)The wall of eyeball Fibrous tunic:DCT-cornea:-sclera:DCT-corneal limbus(corneoscleral limbus)Cornea:/anterior 1/6 of fibrous tunic,transparent,bulges slightly anteriorly/connect with sclera 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成

18、于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 24/five layers:corneal epithelium:i.stratified,squamous non-keratinising epithelium ii.5-6 layers of regular arranged cells iii.basal cells have remarkable regenerating ability iv.rich in nerve terminal 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 25 anterior limiting lamina:i.a c

19、lear uniform membrane,10-16um thick ii.contain collagenous fibrils and matrix iii.cannot regenerate 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 26corneal stroma:corneal propria i.constitute 90%of corneal thickness posed of layers of collagenous fibrils iii.keratocyte:similar to fibroblast iv.matrix,no BV 业

20、精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 27posterior limiting lamina:i.a clear homogenous membrane,5-10 um thick ii.consists of collagenous fibril and matrixcorneal endothelium:i.simple squamous epi.ii.EM:mito,pinocytotic vescles,Golgi and RER iii.Active function of transporting,synthesizing and secretin

21、g protein 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 28*transparency of the cornea:due to absence of BV non-pigmented epi,regular organization of collagen fibrils maintenance of hydration of ground substance 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 29 Vascular tunic(uvea):LCT with BV and melanocytes-iris-cili

22、ary body-choroid 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 30 retina:-pigment epithelium:outerest layersimple low columnar epi:-culomnar cell:thin,long processes at apical surface -round or ovoid N -EM:SER,Golgi,rough round or ovoid pigment granules 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 31-function:i.prot

23、ect visual cell ii.involve in replace of membranous disc iii.store vitamin A and involve in the synthesis of rhodopsin 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 32-visual cell:photoreceptor cell/cell body:/inner process:form synapse with bipolar cell and horizontal cell/outer process:-outer segment:conta

24、in membranous disc -inner segment:contain mito,RER,Golgi and MT 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 33/rod cell:-110,000,000-120,000,000-deep-stained N-outer process:cylindrical-outer segment:membranous disc-invagination of cell membrane but separated with cell membrane(exfoliated and ingested by p

25、igment cell)-rhodopsin(visual purpke)=11-cisretinal(retinene)+opsin-inner process:spherule(end in a terminal expansion)-feel dim light 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 34/cone cell:-6,500,000-7,000,000-large N,paler-stained-outer process:conical-outer segment:membranous disc,not separated,no exf

26、oliation of disks-iodopsin(photopsin)=11-cisretinal+opsin(different)-inner process:pedicle-feel blight light(red-558nm,green-531nm,blue-419nm)业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 35-bipolar cell:/large N/contain RER,mito and Golgi/dendrite:synapse with photoreceptor and horizontal neuron/axon:form s

27、ynapse with dendrite of ganglion cell/classification:-rod bipolar cell -midget bipolar cell -flat bipolar cell 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 36-ganglion cell:/multipolar neuron:/dendrite:synapse with bipolar,amacrine cell and interplexiform cell/axon:make up optic nerve/classification:midget

28、ganglion cell and diffuse ganglion cell 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 37-interneurons:/located in layer of bipolar cell/horizontal cell,amacrine cell,interplexiform cell-radial neuroglia cell:Muller cell/neuroglial cell/thin and long cell,with ovoid,deep-stained N/processes:end at outer limit

29、ing membrane and inner limiting membrane/function:supporting,protecting,nourishing and insulating function 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 38Under LM:retina can be divided into ten layers i.layer of pigment epithelium:pigment epithelial cell ii.layer of rods and cones iii.outer limiting membran

30、e:outer processes of Muller cell iv.outer nuclear layer:N of visual cells v.outer plexiform layer:inner process of visual cell,dendrites of bipolar cell and processes of horizontal cell 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 39 vi.inner nuclear layer:cell body of bipolar cell,horizontal cell,amacrine

31、cell and interplexiform cell and Muller cell vii.inner plexiform layer:axon of bipolar cell,dendrites of ganglion cell,processes of amacrine cell and interplexiform cell viii.layer of ganglion cells:cell body of ganglion cell ix.layer of optic fibers:axons of ganglion cell x.inner limition membrane:

32、formed by connection each other of inner processes of Muller cells 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 40*macula lutea:/definition:a small area of retina at posterior polar of retina,contains a yellow pigment and is non-vascularised,so called yellow spot/3mm in D/central fovea:shallow depression,1.

33、5mm in D/thinnest retina:0.1mm/contain only cone cell,no rod cell/one visual cell connects with one bipolar cell,and one bipolar cell forms synapse with one ganglion cell/have most clear vision 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 41*papilla of optic nerve:optic disc/1.5 mm in D/3 mm medial to macul

34、a lutea/place where the optic nerve leave out/no photoreceptors:so called blind spot 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 422.Ear2.Ear-the external ear-the middle ear-the inner ear 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 431)inner ear:labyrinth-osseous labyrinth:a system of canals and cavities in compa

35、ct bonethe vestibulesemicircular canalcochlea 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 44-membranous labyrinth:usually lined by simple squamous epi.except:membrane semicircular canal:crista ampullariessaccule and utricle:macula utriculi and macula sacculicochlear duct:spiral organ 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物P

36、PT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 45-triangular in cross-section-three walls:i.roof:vestibular membrane ii.outer wall:stratified columnar epi.with BV distributed-stria vascularis(secrete endolymph)and spiral ligament iii.floor:osseous spiral lamina and membranous spiral lamina basilar membrane 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT

37、，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 46a.crista ampullaris:-supporting cell:/columnar,with basal ovoid nucleus,rest on basal lamina/microvilli,granules:lipid-liked and glycosaminoglycan granules 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 47-hair cell:/amongat supporting cell/pear-shaped:short neck and globular base/has about 50-

38、110 stereocilia and one kinocilium(embedded in cupula)/terminal of peripheral process of neuron of vestibular nerve ganglion distributed at basal portion of hair cell-c u p u l a:g e l a t i n o u s m a s s o f mucopolysaccharide substance-function:receptors for kinetic balance,feel angular accelera

39、tion or deceleration of the head 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 48 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 49b.macula utriculi and macula sacculi:macula acustica-supporting cell-hair cell:30-60 stereocilia and one kinocilium-o t o l i t h i c m e m b r a n e:g e l a t i n o u s mucopolysaccharide

40、 substance containing small crystalline bodies of calcium carbonate-function:receptors of static balance,feel linear acceleration or deceleration and change in position of the head 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 50c.spiral organ:Corti organ-supporting cell:pillar cell:-two rows:inner and outer

41、 pollar cell:tall,columnar in shape,-inner tunnel 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 51phalahgeal cell:-inner phalangeal cell:one row,is situated next to inner pillar cell-outer phalangeal cell:3-5 rows,lateral to the outer pillar cells-tall columnar cells rest on basilar membrane-phalangeal proce

42、ss:enclosed the low part of hair cell 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 52-hair cell:-inner hair cell:a row of pear-shaped cell,supported by inner phalangeal cell-outer hair cell:3-5 rows,supported by outer phalangeal cell-“V”or“W”shaped-arranged stereocilia on free surface-peripheral processes of neuron of spiral ganglion distribute at basal portion of hair cell-tectorial membrane-auditory string:2000,located in basilar membrane,collagen-liked thin filament-function:receptor of sound 业精于勤荒于嬉 行成于思毁于随 【医学生物PPT，欢迎收藏分享】豆丁网友 53