雅思写作讲座(新航道)lesson-5-课件2.ppt（纯ppt,可能不含音视频素材）

1、IELTS WRITINGLesson Eight:小作文1 Taks I LinePie BarTableDiagram/flow chart/map IELTS WRITING 把图表中的主要信息转化为文字信息，并且组织成文章。IELTS WRITING2.评分标准评分标准（1）任务完成情况：趋势描写，数据支持，不要画蛇添足（2）关联词大量而准确地使用（连贯）（3）词汇（4）句子结构 TASK I 把图表中的主要信息转化为文字信息，并且组织成文章。HOW?description compare contrast IELTS WRITING首段首句This graph shows the o

2、f in .二句有可能有可能的话总结总体趋势中间段趋势描写，数据支持，有必要时写出最高点/最低点末段重申最重要的趋势 TASK I Number of full-time teachers of regular schools(in millions)in China(1960-1990).TASK I 首段 首句graph-figure,line graphShow-indicate,unfold,display,reveal,reflect,relate,illustrate,provide an overview of 首段常用句型首段常用句型:1.The table/chart/dia

3、gram/graph shows(that).2.The figures/statistics show(that).3.The diagram shows/describes/illustrates how.4.According to/As(is)shown in the/As can be seen from the table/chart,diagram,graph,figures 5.It can be seen/observed from the/we can see from the 6.It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diag

4、ram/graph/figures(that).首段 首句 The above figure indicates the amount of full-time teachers of regular schools in China between 1960 and 1990.首段 首句 请写出本图的第一句话：This graph shows the number of full-time teachers of regular schools in China during 3 decades from 1960 to 1990.首段 首句首段 二句Number of full-time

5、teachers of regular schools(in millions)in China(1960-1990).首段 二句连接词：连接词：1.According to the figure,2.It is clear that,It can be(clearly)seen that,3.Fromit can be(safely)concluded that4.One of the most surprising/interesting finds was5.Compare with 如何表达总体趋势如何表达总体趋势a).The overall trend/general trend(主

6、语主语)+indicates+从句从句b).The overall trend/general trend(主语主语)+indicates+N.c).There be+an overall+某种趋势某种趋势 It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990.However,there were some fluctuations in earlier years.首段 二句首段 二句 It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to

7、1990.However,there were some fluctuations in earlier years.According to the figure,although there were some fluctuations in earlier years,there exists indeed an increasing trend.The overall trend was to indicate the increasingly growing number,although there exists some fluctuations in the earlier y

8、ears.时态：首句一般现在时，其他一般过去时。*如果图表是对将来情况的预测，全部用一般现在时。首段 二句主体段 Number of full-time teachers of regular schools(in millions)in China(1960-1990).五种描述趋势的句式五种描述趋势的句式a)There be 句型句型:“变化名词变化名词”作主语作主语+IN+被描述对象被描述对象 e.g.There was an increase/decrease in the number of b)“描述对象描述对象”做主语做主语 e.g.There were increasingly

9、 more teachers.c)纵坐标作主语纵坐标作主语(一般为被描述对象一般为被描述对象)+变化变化+其他其他 e.g.The number(percentage)of went up(went down)d)横坐标作主语横坐标作主语(一般为时间一般为时间)+“经历经历”+“变化变化”+IN 被描述对象被描述对象+地点地点 *表示经历表示经历:saw/witnessed/experiencede)地点作主语地点作主语+“经历经历”+“变化变化”+IN 被描述对象被描述对象+时时间间连接手段1.Then/from this time onwards/from then onThere was

10、 a rise.Then the number went down.2.After/beforeThere was a rise,before the number went down.After a rise,there was a decrease,before the number remained stable.3.which was followed by/which led to/which preceded an increase/decrease There was a rise,which was followed by a decrease.4.上一句最后时间词，when.

11、There was a rise in the number of teachers from_in_to_in_,when the number went down.5.Again（第二次以后的上升/下降）There was a rise.Again,the number went down.6.However.then.（上升和下降之间）There was a rise.However,the number then went down.其他关联词：类比、对比、句子衔接其他关联词：类比、对比、句子衔接 However/compare to/in contrast/similarly/con

12、versely/while Similarly/likewise As to/in term of/as for 连接手段数据的表达方式1.From 数据 in 年份 to 数据 in 年份2.Peak at 数据 bottom at 数据3.There were 数据4.Decrease to 数据/increase up to about 数据5.趋势 with 数据 6.Which was about 数据 主体段分项描写信息：According to the figure,there was a sharp decrease in the number of teachers from

13、 five millions in 1960 to three millions in 1962,which was followed by a rapid increase over the next two years.The number dropped again from almost six millions in 1964 to five million in 1966 and then went up gradually until 1976 when there was a leveling off at eight millions for the next ten yea

14、rs.The years from 1986 to 1990 saw a steady rise in the number of teachers.末段1.重述总体特征；重述总体特征；In conclusion,more teachers were in Chinese regular schools in the 1990s than 30 years before.bar chart/table不要进行主观描述不要分析原因不要找本质末段 Complete Example This graph shows the number of full-time teachers of regula

15、r schools in China between 1960 and 1990.It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990.However,there were some fluctuations in earlier years.According to the figure,there was a sharp decrease in the number of teachers from five million in 1960 to three million in 1962,which was

16、 followed by a rapid increase over the next two years.The number dropped again from almost six million in 1964 to five million in 1966 and then went up gradually until 1976 when there was a leveling off at eight million for the next ten years.The years from 1986 to 1990 saw a steady rise in the numb

17、er of teachers.In conclusion,more teachers were in Chinese regular schools in the 1990s than 30 years before.1.说明趋势：trend,momentum.2.描述增加、波动、减少和反转：gain,pick up,increase,rise,surge,jump,go up,decrease,fall,drop,decline,slow down；level off at/level out at;maintain,fluctuate,fluctuation,reverse TASK I

18、3.描述变化程度：dramatically,suddenly,significantly,sharply,steeply,rapidly,moderately,gradually,steadily,slightly,slowly,4.表示高、底：peak at/of peaking at;reach the bottom/botttom out at 5.表示数据表示数据 一般：have 10%;at 10%;over 10%最高（低）点：peaked;reached a peak/high(point)bottomed out;reached the bottom TASK I 6.表示程度

19、：almost adv.几乎，差不多 nearly adv.几乎，密切地 approximately adv.近似的，大约 about adv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围 just over 刚超过 over adv.结束，越过，从头到尾 exactly adv.正确地，严密地 precisely adv.正好 精确地；清晰地7.表示范围：fromto betweenand for to 多长时间直到8.比例：20 per cent 20%one in three 1/3 one out of every four 1/4 TASK I 1)每一类图有其每一类图有其自己最想要表自己最想要表达

20、的地方达的地方2)突出重点突出重点3)数据的重点数据的重点突出和非重点突出和非重点处理处理1)As can be seen from the chart2)It is clear from the graph that3)The diagram shows1)however,/in contrast,/on the contrary/2)Compared with contrary to3)个性化的表达个性化的表达客观写作客观写作Key points对比特征对比特征或数据或数据 IELTS WRITINGThe graph below shows radio and television au

21、diences throughout the day in 1992.Radio and television audiences in the UK,October-December 1992.两条曲线 The graph shows the percentage of audiences over 4 years old of UK follows the radio and television throughout the day during the period October-December 1992.TASK I It has been observed from the g

22、raph that less than 10%audiences follows the radio at 6:00 am and the percentage raised to a pick around 30%at 8AM and decline gradually to around 10%during the period 200 to 400 Pm and again raised a bit to around 12%between 400 to 600 PM.It then again dropped to below 10%at around 10PM.The rate ag

23、ain raised to a bit between 1000 PM to 1200 PM and then dropped slowly by 400 AM.TASK I On the other hand,the rate of television audiences raises 0-10%during the period 600 to 800 am and remain steady up to 10AM and then gradually goes down by 1200 noon.The percentage raised dramatically to around 1

24、5%by 200 noon.The percentage raised dramatically goes down by 1200 noon.The percentage raised dramatically to around 15%by 200 PM which again raised to a pick above 40%between 600-800 PM and then gradually dropped between the period 1200 PM to 400 AM.TASK I The bold graph shows the television audien

25、ces throughout the day.It shows that the percentage of audiences is zero percent in early morning but it gradually rises unto ten percent at 8:00 am and maintains the same for the next two hours.There is a slight fall in percentage in next two hours however after that it rises sharp unto twenty perc

26、ent within the next two hours.After this the graph rises very fast and attains its peak at 10 pm which is about forty five percent.The graph gradually falls down and at 2:00 am it is at five percent.The thinner graph shows the percentage for radio audiences.Unlike the television one the peak percent

27、age of the radio audiences is at 8:00 am which is about 30 percent.Then it gradually falls and it corresponds with the television one at two pm.After that it gradually falls but with a small increase in percentage at 4:30 to 6:00 pm.The percentage of audience then gradually goes down and at four AM

28、it is the lowest which is near 2 percentage.These graphs prove the progressive popularity of television.TASK I 多条曲线：（多条曲线：（中间段落）中间段落）1.分别写三条曲线2.分阶段对比三条曲线3.混合写法（先写将其中两条分阶段对比写），再写剩下的一条 TASK I The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three differe

29、nt countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.The line graph shows the proportion of people in Japan,Sweden,and USA aged 65 and over from 1940 and the expected proportions up to 2040.From 1940-1990,the proportions of aged 65 a

30、nd over in the USA and Sweden WERE similar follow the same trend.In 1940 the figures were 9%and 7%respectively in 1990.Thereafter,Americans proportion of people aged 65 and over leveled out and is forecasted to remain in 14%until 2020,after which it is expected increase to 23%in 2040.however,Swedens

31、 proportion of people aged 65 and over began to rise after 1990.This increase is forecasted to continue until 2010 when the proportion is estimated to be 20%.Then there is expected to be a slight drop to 18%in 2030,followed by a steep climb to 25%in 2040.The situation in Japan differs considerably,w

32、ith a fall in the percentage of people aged 65 and over between 1940(5%)to 1960(3%).The percentage remained steady until 1985,where upon it began to climb.This rise is projected to continue until around 2030,when the proportion of Japannese aged 65 and over is expected to reach 10%.Thereafter,within

33、 just a few years,the proportion is forecast to rise dramatically to 25%,with a less darmatic rese to 27%in 2040.TASK I：流程图和示意图 目的：目的：让没有看到图表的人，听完你的描述后，就对图表的主要特征有所了解 方法：方法：1）结构（时间/空间顺序）2）流程（时间顺序）/功能（例举）*必须分段 结构一功能一结构二功能二结构三功能三 TASK I：流程图和示意图 The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in

34、 the life of the silk worm.First of all,eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves.This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.After a period of about three weeks,th

35、e adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth.Once selected,they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage.Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long,whic

36、h means they can be twisted together,dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.Overall,the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.TASK I：流程图和示意图 As is shown in the flow chart,the process of recycling organic

37、waste to produce compost is really a complex one.The whole process can be categorized into five stages.First of all,prepare a plastic container which has four holes for ventilating the air.There is a rule when putting waste into the container,food at the bottom within 15 centimeters high,grass at th

38、e middle and newspaper at the top within 15 centimeters high altogether,in order to make a optimum environment for different bacteria reproducing.In the following stage,we can witness nitrogen and water being put into the container.Whats worth mentioning is that water is only added in a hot weather.

39、Next,heat the waste and let the bacteria reproduce fastly,with which the organic waste can be decomposed and became garden fertiliser after 6 months.Subsequently,we can carry the compost out and move it to the garden,thus a new recycling can begin.In conclusion,using this way to turn the organic was

40、te into garden fertiliser is environmentally friendly.By enlarging the number or volume of the container,we can dispose more waste at the same time.TASK I：流程图和示意图 The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.Chocolate comes from the cacao tree,which is grown in parts of South Amer

41、ica,Africa and Indonesia.The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.Firstly,when the pods are ripe,they are harvested,the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.During the fermenting process,the beans turn brown.Next,the brown beans are

42、spread in the sun to dry.They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry.After this,the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.After being roasted,the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed.This part is not needed for making chocolate.Finally,the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.