组织学与胚胎学绪论中英课件.ppt

1、.1Histology Introduction Yu Xiangmin(于向民）Department of Histology and Embryology.2Definition:A science:study normal micro-structure(&its related function of human body.4 structural levels:Cell:the smallest structural&functional unit.Tissue(:groups of cells(similar in morphology or related in function

2、)intercellular materials 4 types of fundamental tissue epithelium connective tissue muscular tissue nervous tissue .3 Organs:器官organizations of various kinds of tissues in particular ways&perform a specific function.System:系统formed by several function-related organs which together perform a continuo

3、us physiological function.For example:digestive system .4.5Why do we study histology?vTo complete the knowledge of human bodys structures-from gross to microscopicvBe able to understand how the different tissues function-the basis of physiologyvCan find the diseases only after the normal is known-th

4、e basis of pathologyvIt is also a foundation of clinic sciencesfor a good doctor needed in future.6ight microscopy.7l reparationparaffin section preparation Specimen:as fresh as possible Fixation:fixative:formalin solution;purpose:to preserve the structural organization Dehydration:replace the water

5、 in the tissue by alcohol Clearing:replace the alcohol by xylene Embedding:replace the xylene with melted paraffin Sectioning&mounting.8.9 Freezingcryostattainingothers:.10v Purpose:To make tissue section for observation.v H-E Staining:Hematoxylin:basic dye,bluish color Eosin:acid dye,pink color Bas

6、ophilic:components stained with basic dye(H);bluish（nuclear chromatin)Acidophilic:components with an affinity for acidic dye(E);pink(cytoplasm&collagen fiber).11 Neutrophilic:do not stain with both basic and acid dyesArgyrophilia:those with an affinity for silver,dark-brown color .12Fluorescent stai

7、ningshows the apoptosis in human HL-60 cells.13Electron Microscopy.14.15.16Diagrams of TEM.17 Sowing the 3 dimensional surface Architecture of cells and tissues Resolution:5nm.18JEOL扫描电子显微镜扫描电子显微镜.19III.Histochemistry&Cytochemistry Reveal the chemical composition in situ(e.g.proteins,a.a.,nucleic ac

8、id,lipids,enzymes etc.)with chemical,biochemical methods.The product of chemical reaction should be insoluble/colored/electron-scattering,&be seen in LM or EM .20polysaccharide +HIO4 (hydroxyl group)(oxidise)Aldehyde group +Shiffs reagent(colorless)Purplish red depositorFor instance:vPAS(P(Periodic

9、Acid Schiff)reaction:for manifesting polysaccharide.21PAS reaction in the goblet cell.22IV.Immunocytochemistry Based on antigen binds to specific antibody.Tissue section with Antigen+labelled antibody labelled Ag-Ab complexFluoresceinlabellingenzyme labelling.23.24in situ hybridization(ISH)nucleic a

10、cid molecular hybridizationfragment of intracellular ene expression.25Expression of PSA and PSAmRNA in human prostate(histochemistry&ISH).26The method in learning histologyCombination of the 2 dimentional structure with 3 dimentional.27Combination of the theory with practiceCombination of the structure with functionConcern the dynamic change.28Questions for reviewvWhat is the H&E staining?vDescribe basophilic,acidophilic,neutrophilic?vWhat does PAS positive means?