Unit4 Reading and thinking 单词讲解（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、Book2 Unit4 History and traditions Reading and thinking 单词讲解课件 adj.单独的；个别的 n.个人Considered separately rather than as part of a group 记忆方法：in.di.vid.ual We interviewed each 我们采访了社区中的每个成员。The minister refused to comment on那位部长拒绝对个别情况发表评论。The competition is open to both teams and individuals.团队和个人均可参加比赛

2、。individually adv.分别地；单独地2王国；领域；管辖范围the United Kingdom 联合王国拓展：kingpin 主要人物kingship 王位 king-size 特大的kingfisher 翠鸟 emperor 皇帝 monarch 君主；帝王 sovereign 主权；最高统治权The wife of a king is a queen.The son of a king and kueen ia a prince and their daughter is a princess.主要地 adv.chiefly 最高级别的 highest in rank n.首

3、领；头目；酋长主要原因the chief cause 首席教育官 the Chief Education Officer 总司令commander-in-chief 总经理chief executive 总参谋长chief of staff4 puzzle pz()lvt._ vi._n._使困惑使困惑Everyone was a bit _ by her sudden departure.她突然离开，大家都感到有点莫名其妙。Their reason for doing it is still a _ to me.他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。To explain the _ fin

4、dings,he offers two theories.为了解释这些令人困惑的发现，他提出了两种理论。IShe listened with a _ expression on her face.她脸上带着困惑的表情听着。人感到困惑的用过去分词形式puzzled 困惑的表情用puzzled,令人困惑的用现在分词形式puzzling be puzzled by 被.迷惑 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzled adj.迷惑的；不解的What puzzles me is why they didnt show up.前边是主语从句，后边是表语从句。_对某事感到困惑对某事感到困惑be

5、puzzled about/over/by sth.迷惑迷惑;冥思苦想冥思苦想谜谜;难题难题;迷迷puzzledpuzzlepuzzlingpuzzled be in a puzzle 不知如何是好 be in a puzzle about.对.迷惑不解There were no camels nearby（副词）.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.(2017浙江)附近没有骆驼。本杰明决定用猫毛代替。Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby

6、（形容词词）.(2016全国II)一些同学建议我们应该去附近的名胜古迹。My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby（形容词）.(2018浙江)我和爸爸在农舍的客房里过夜，听着附近河里的青蛙和流水声。5 nearby nbaadj._adv._prep._附近的附近的,邻近的邻近的在附近在附近在在附近附近这个词注意词性，副词后面没有宾语，介词后面要跟宾语。介词后通常接名词，代词，动名词指的

7、是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分还能分开开”之意。常用结构之意。常用结构join.to,join up。若非直接连接，则可与。若非直接连接，则可与connect换用。换用。join sb in doing sth 指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connect.with/to。着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，

8、着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine.with。强调紧密地结合成一个整体体，含难以分开之意，常用结构强调紧密地结合成一个整体体，含难以分开之意，常用结构unite.with。joinconnectcombineunite6 join.to/with._把把和和连接起来连接起来Please _ this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。The island is _ to the mainland by a bri

9、dge.这座岛由一座桥与大陆相连。The two parties have _ to form a new government.两党联合组成了新政府。_Chinese traditional medicine with western medicine.将中西医结合。This flight _with a New York one.这班飞机可接上纽约的另一趟航班。The fight against terrorism seemed to _ the nation.与恐怖主义的斗争似乎把全国人民团结了起来.joinjoined/connectedcombinedCombineconnects

10、unite7 break away(from sb/sth)_脱离脱离;逃脱逃脱;摆脱摆脱The thief broke away from the policeman.小偷从警察那里_了。He broke away from all his old friends.他同所有的老朋友_了往来。You must break away from such habits.你必须_那些习惯。Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists,who lived

11、and worked in Paris.在那些_传统绘画风格的画家中，有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。The southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.爱尔兰南部不愿意，并_联邦，成立了自己的政府。逃脱逃脱断绝断绝摆脱摆脱脱离脱离脱离脱离break in 破门而入;打断break into 闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)break out(战争)爆发;(火灾)发生break up 拆开;结束;解散break down 出故障;失败;垮掉;(使)分解break through 突破

12、leave sb/sth behind 留下;忘了带;把抛在后面leave sth aside 搁置一边;不予考虑leave(sth)off 中断;不把列入;不包括leave sth out 删掉;漏掉leave for.动身去She knew that she had left childhood _.她知道同年已经一去不复返了。Start reading from where you left _last time.从上次停下来的地方接着读吧。You have leave _a zero.你漏掉了一个0.We left him _the list.我们未把他列入名单。Leave me _o

13、f this quarrel,please.请别把我牵扯进这个争吵。behindoffoffoffout result in sth/doing sth 造成;导致 result from sth 起因于;由于as a result 因此;所以 作状语owing to 由于；作表语或状语作表语或状语thanks to 多亏了 作状语as a result of sth/doing sth 因为/由于because of 因为 由于 such as 例如play a part in 扮演一个角色；参与at present 目前base.on 以.为基础make use of 利用The stud

14、ents feel that they _a particular group.(2019浙江浙江)学生们觉得他们属于一个特定的群体。学生们觉得他们属于一个特定的群体。The future _ those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.未来属于那些相信梦想之美好的人。未来属于那些相信梦想之美好的人。Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of _,a bond with others.(2018全国全国II

15、)邓恩认为，向陌生人伸出援手的人会感到一种强烈的归属感，一种与他人的联系。邓恩认为，向陌生人伸出援手的人会感到一种强烈的归属感，一种与他人的联系。Lockers are available to store any _ during your visit.(2017全国全国I)在您参观期间，可以用储物柜存放任何物品。在您参观期间，可以用储物柜存放任何物品。8 belong blvi._该短语无被动语态和进行时后跟名词或代词宾格，不跟物主代词，如mine,hers.sense/feeling of belonging 归属感 belongings财产_ 属于属于_bln.所有物；财产；归属所有物

16、；财产；归属属于属于;应归入应归入belong tobelong to belongs tobelongingbelongingsbelonging9 as well as 可以用来连接两个相同的成分，如名词，形容词，动词，介词，通常不位于句首。此时，as well as 虽然连接的两个并列的成分，但是强调的重点在前面，不在后面，意思为“不但.而且.”.“既.又.”“除了.之外，还有.”使用时要注意：1连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式要和前面的主语保持一致；连接两个谓语时，两个动词的时态要保持一致。The teacher as well as the students comes into th

17、e classroom.拓展：belongings 动产；财物；possessions 个人财产；私人物品 property 所有物；财产；财物 stuff 东西；物品 as well as 表示比较，引导一个比较状语从句。He can do it as well as I do.他做的和我一样好。as well as 用作介词，相当于besides,in addition to,意识是“除.之外”，后面常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。As well as/Besides/In addition to eating five courses for meal,they drank seve

18、n bottles of wine.除了五道菜外，他们还喝了七瓶酒。as well _as good as _也也几乎和几乎和一样一样;同同一样好一样好(形容词形容词)The classroom is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks,and mistakes _.(2018全国全国III)教室是一个学习的地方，也包括从课本和错误中学习。教室是一个学习的地方，也包括从课本和错误中学习。Now when people refer to England,they can find Wales included

19、 _.现在，当人们现在，当人们提到英格兰时，他们会发现威尔士也被包括在内。提到英格兰时，他们会发现威尔士也被包括在内。But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to improve that she has brains _ beauty.(2017全国全国III)但曾和名模们一起参加过各种节目的莎拉，希望自己智慧与美貌并重。但曾和名模们一起参加过各种节目的莎拉，希望自己智慧与美貌并重。Amy,_ her brothers,was given a warm welcome when returning t

20、o the village last week.(2019天天津津)艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。She cooks _ her mother.她做饭做得和她妈妈一样好。她做饭做得和她妈妈一样好。I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession,without going to college,and be just _,if not better than,my competitors.(2016北京北京)我想证明，我可以我想证明，我可以不上大学，自学

21、一门受人尊敬的专业，就算不比竞争对手强，至少也和他们一样优秀。不上大学，自学一门受人尊敬的专业，就算不比竞争对手强，至少也和他们一样优秀。as wellas wellas well asas well asas well asas good as 10 currency kr()nsn._ u/c 通用；流行；流传通用；流行；流传current kr()ntadj._currently krntladv.货币货币;通货通货现行的现行的;流通的流通的当前当前,目前目前The ability to design,build and export green technologies for pro

22、ducing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the _ of power in the new century.(2018浙江浙江)设计、建造和出口绿色技术以生产清洁的水、清洁的空气和健康丰富设计、建造和出口绿色技术以生产清洁的水、清洁的空气和健康丰富的食物的能力将成为新世纪的权力货币。的食物的能力将成为新世纪的权力货币。trading in foreign currencies _当地的货币_It has wide currency.这个已经广为使用。cutrrent price 时价yo

23、ur current employer 你现在的雇主There are words that are no longer current.这些是已经不再通用的词currencylocal curency 买卖外汇11 military mlt()radj._ 军训军训Like many military medals,the one Zacs mother had found was a family treasure.(2019浙江浙江)和许多军功章一样，扎克的母亲发现的那枚也是家族的珍宝。和许多军功章一样，扎克的母亲发现的那枚也是家族的珍宝。It was on the Changan St

24、reet that the military parade was held.阅兵是在长安街举行的。阅兵是在长安街举行的。词源：词源：military来自来自mile（一千罗马步），强调（一千罗马步），强调“行军行军”的内涵。一罗马步指的是古罗马的内涵。一罗马步指的是古罗马士兵在行军时左右脚各移动一次的距离，相当于实际上的两步。所以一英里（士兵在行军时左右脚各移动一次的距离，相当于实际上的两步。所以一英里（mile）原本指的就是一千罗马步的距离（大约等于原本指的就是一千罗马步的距离（大约等于 1.48 公里）。公里）。1592 年，英国女王伊丽莎白年，英国女王伊丽莎白一世颁布法令，规定一英里等

25、于一世颁布法令，规定一英里等于 1760 码（码（yard），大约），大约 1.6 公里。公里。12 defend v.防御，保护，辩解，辩护保卫.免受.defend.against/from.1.为保卫.；为.辩护 in defence of.2.为某人辩护 in ones defenceWhat points can be raised this argument.有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护？温馨提示：与defend.from/against.用法类似的还有：prevent.(from).;stop.(from).;keep.from.;protect.from/against.等，

26、在被动语态中from都不可省略。in defence of.为了保护；为辩解/辩护come to sbs defence 为某人辩护defend against防御defend oneself 自卫；自我辩护；defend sb.against/from.保护某人免受；针对为某人辩护 13 legal lig()ladj._legally adv.法律上；合法地illegally adv.不合法地the legal limit 法定限量It is legal to do sth 做某事是合法的For legal reasons,most restaurants have a policy ag

27、ainst giving away food waste.(2019浙江浙江)出于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止转送厨余食物的政策。出于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止转送厨余食物的政策。It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.(2017天津天津)它将把无人驾驶汽车置于与人类司机同等的法律地位。它将把无人驾驶汽车置于与人类司机同等的法律地位。14 surround vt.围绕;包围be surrounded by/with.被包围 surround sb/sth with sb/sth

28、包围 surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n.pl.环境This is a house,whose yard is surrounded by high walls.(它的院子被高墙围着）surroundings用复数形式，主要指周围的具体物质环境。environment 是集合名词单数，既可表示抽象概念，也可表示具体意义，指对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。15.证据，根据，证明evident adj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的evidently adv.明显地；显然地寻找证据:look for/search for evidence找到证据:find ev

29、idence（出庭）作证:give evidence医学证据:medical evidence有力的证据:strong evidence一项证据:a piece of evidence16 achievement n.C成就，成绩，功绩；U达到，完成；achieve vt.a sense of achievement 一种成就感make an achievement/achievements 取得成就Handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _.(2016全国全国II)先处理最重要的任务，这样你才会有

30、真正的成就感。先处理最重要的任务，这样你才会有真正的成就感。Picking up her“Lifetime _”award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019全国全国II)自豪的艾琳在领取自豪的艾琳在领取“终身成就奖终身成就奖”时宣布，她没有退休的打算。时宣布，她没有退休的打算。The father of success is work,and the mother of _ is ambition.勤奋乃成功之父，志向乃成功之母。勤奋乃成功之父，志向乃成功之母。

31、achievementAchievementachievement17 地方;位置;地点 locate vi.找出的准确地点;确定的准确地点located adj.位于;坐落在locator n.定位器be located at/in/on.位于_where the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017江苏江苏)江苏地处江苏地处“一带一路一带一路”的交汇处，将为的交汇处，将为“一带一路一带一路”建设作出更大贡献。建设作出更大贡献。Locatedkkvt._

32、vi._ _ kkr(r)n.征服者，胜利者征服者，胜利者_kkwestn.征服征服;得胜;战利品战利品 conquest Energy and persistence _all things.(Benjamin Franklin)精力加毅力可以征服一切精力加毅力可以征服一切。本杰明本杰明富兰克林富兰克林Dangers will arise in any career,but presence of mind will often _ the worst of them.凡事都有危险，但镇定沉着往往能克服最严重的危险。凡事都有危险，但镇定沉着往往能克服最严重的危险。In 1066 Willia

33、m the_,the Duke of Normandy(part of modern France),invaded and _ England.1066年，诺曼底年，诺曼底(现法国的一部分现法国的一部分)公爵威廉率兵征服了英国。公爵威廉率兵征服了英国。The chase is always much more exciting than the _ anyway.不管怎么说，追求的过程总比得手更为刺激。不管怎么说，追求的过程总比得手更为刺激。The French empire had expanded largely through military _.法兰西帝国的扩张主要靠军事征服。法兰

34、西帝国的扩张主要靠军事征服。conquer conquer conquered conqueror Conqueror conquest conquest 19 battle bt()ln.vi.&vt._ battle with sb for sth 因某事和某人争斗a battle of wills 意志的较量battledress 战地服装 bettle field 战场Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.(2019全国全国II)从一开始尼克和艾米就在为你的

35、信任而战，紧张和焦虑贯穿始终。从一开始尼克和艾米就在为你的信任而战，紧张和焦虑贯穿始终。After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4%of the worlds population,a battle unfolds between good and evil.(2019全国全国II)在一场严重的流感疫情席卷全球在一场严重的流感疫情席卷全球99.4%的人口之后，一场正义与的人口之后，一场正义与邪恶之间的战争拉开了帷幕邪恶之间的战争拉开了帷幕When I started running in my 30s,I realized running was a

36、 battle against myself.(2018北京北京)当我当我30多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是一场与自己的战斗。多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是一场与自己的战斗。20 port ptn._import mp:t;m-n.&vt.vi._export kspt;ek-n.&vt.vi._Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby _ or river.(2018全国全国III)城市的存在的位置通常有很好的理由，比如附近有港口或河流。城市的存在的位置通常有很好的理由，比如附近有港口或河

37、流。When I reached the _,the workers were loading the rice onto the ship.当我到达港口时，工人们正在把大米装船。当我到达港口时，工人们正在把大米装船。One solution is obviously to _ foreign workers via immigration.(2017江苏江苏)一个解决办法显然是通过移民来引进外国工人。一个解决办法显然是通过移民来引进外国工人。The _of meat from aboard is held up for the epidemic situation.由于疫情，从国外进口的肉类

38、中断了。由于疫情，从国外进口的肉类中断了。America will increase its food _.(2012江苏江苏)美国将增加食品出口。美国将增加食品出口。输入输入,进口进口 输出输出,出口出口;出口商品出口商品 port port import import export21.keep your eyes open(for)留心；留意keep you eyes out(for)留心；留意吸引某人的注意:catch ones eye注视，盯着看:fix ones eyes on照看；留意；密切注意:keep an eye on对.有鉴赏力；have an eye for.直视某人:

39、look sb in the eye22 收费用;指控;主管 收费;控告;充电in charge(of)负责;主管in the charge of sb由某人负责take charge of负责;主管free of charge免费charge.for.索价;要价charge sb with(doing)sth指控某人(做)某事23 宣布；通知；声称向某人宣布 announce sth to sb据宣布 it is announced that.正如宣布的那样 as is announcedAt the end of the meeting,it was announced (announce

40、)that an agreement had been reached.官方公告:an official announcement24 金额；数量大量地、少量地 in large/small amounts.Hardly could he get through this amount of work in such short time.在这么短的时间内他几乎不能做完这些工作。A large amount of time has been spent in finishing this task so far.大量的时间被花在完成这项工作上。25(to come near to sb/sth

41、 in distance or time)接近；靠近approach sb on/about sth 关于某事和某人商量，交涉n.act of approaching 接近；n.way of dealing with person or thing 方法；途径the approach to(doing)sth 的方法approach to 接近;近似,约等于;(做某事)的方法(途径)approach toat the approach of.在接近的时候make approaches to sb设法接近某人The approach of winter brings cold weather.冬

42、季的来临带来寒冷的天气。27 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的对某人很慷慨be generous to乐于做某事be generous in在某方面很大方:be generous with sth某人做某事真是慷慨It is generous of sb to do sth.I couldnt have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.没有你的慷慨帮忙，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。generously adv.慷慨大方地 generosity n.慷慨；大方28 黄油；奶油 vt 涂黄油于She buttered fo

43、ur thick slices of bread.她用黄油涂了四片厚面包。butter sb up 奉承某人29 蜂蜜n.可爱的人He can be a real honey when he wants to be.他高兴的时候挺招人喜欢的。honeyed adj.甜言蜜语的；味道像蜂蜜的30 eagerly adv.急切地;渴望地 eagerness n.渴望，热心，热切be eager for sth 渴望得到某物be eager to do 渴望做某事eager adj.热切的；渴望的be eager that 希望；渴望。此时从句谓语一般用“should动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，sho

44、uld可以省略。eagerly adv.热切地，渴望地Theyre eagerly waiting for the big day.eagerness n.热切，渴望People were pushing each other out of way in their eagerness to get to the front.31（使）翻滚（使）滚动 n.卷轴；翻滚；小面包条；脂肪；名单a roll of film 一卷胶卷wallpaper is sold in rolls.壁纸按卷销售a forward roll 前滚翻 roll in 大量涌入 roll sth out 将.轧平The

45、ball rolled down the hill.球滚下了山。32 greet vt.问候;迎接 greeting n.问候,招呼;问候语(复数)greet sb with sth 用和某人打招呼be greeted with/by sth 对做出反应33 custom n.风俗；习俗；习惯It is a local custom.这是当地的习俗。customary adj.习俗的；习惯的customs 海关34 crowd n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使拥挤Crowds of people poured into the street.人们成群结队涌上街头。Thousands of people crowded the narrow street.crowded adj.拥挤的 Thank you!