Unit 5 Words and expressions 单词短语详解（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、1、devote vt.把把献献(给给);把把专用于专用于;专专心于心于devote A to B 把A用于/献身B;为B付出Adevote oneself to(doing)sth.致力/献身/专心于be devoted to(doing)sth.致力/献身/专心于devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的深爱的；忠诚的devotion n.奉献奉献;忠诚忠诚;专心专心1)The bands latest album is very poor,although _(devote)fans might enjoy it.2)Her _(devote)to the job left her with

2、 very little free time.3)_(devote)to scientific research wholeheartedly,he spends little time with his family.4)He continued to work there for almost 50 years,_(devote)his life to his research work.5)The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to _(observe)the behavior of the chimps.devoteddevotionDe

3、voteddevotingobservinga shortage of的缺乏的缺乏be short of缺乏缺乏be short for是是的简称的简称in short总之；简而言之总之；简而言之shortly after不久之后不久之后shorten vt.缩短；减少缩短；减少3.yield n.C产量产量;产出产出 vt.出产出产(作物作物);产生产生(收益、效益等收益、效益等)vi.屈服屈服;让步让步 1)His investments yielded good returns.2)The soldiers had to yield.3)提高产量boost yields 4)结出硕果yi

4、eld fruits 同义词：同义词：give way to.让步让步/屈服屈服;让路让路 give in 让步让步/屈服屈服4.tackle vt.解决解决(难题难题)/应付应付(局面局面)/处理处理 与与.商谈商谈/交涉交涉1)She has spent a lot of time scratching her head about how to tackle the difficult math problem.crisis krass n.C 危机危机;危急关头危急关头crises krasi:z 复数复数1)解决政治/经济危机 tackle a political/economic

5、crisis2)The financial crisis left many people unemployed,which couldnt be tackled by economic experts.1)In the last forty years the Chinese government has made great contributions to tackling poverty in China.2)There are four different ways to tackle the problem.3)However,what concerned him most was

6、 that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.To tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.5.convince vt.使信服；使确信；使信服；使确信；说服说服convince sb.of sth.使某人确信使某人确信/明白某事明白某事convince

7、 sb.that.使某人相信使某人相信convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事说服某人做某事convincing adj.令人信服的令人信服的convinced adj.确信的；坚信的确信的；坚信的be convinced(that)/of.(某人某人)坚信坚信1)Influenced by advertisement,its very easy for customers _(convince)to buy what they dont want.2)This is the most _(convince)evidence that I can find to prove

8、my point.3)_(convince)of the truth of the report,he told his colleagues about it.4)我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。Weve been trying_to be convincedconvincingConvincedto convince him to give up the planassume that把某人把某人/某物假象为某物假象为/认为是认为是assume sb./sth.to be假设假设/假定假定It is assumed that人们认为人们认为on the

9、assumption that假设假设/假定假定assuming(that)conj.=ifconj.=ifmake an assumption 作假设；认为Dont _ that you are a princess and stop living in _ any more.(assume)_ is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.With the rapid development of the economy,China is assuming _ greater role in the protecti

10、on of the environment.We are working on the plan _ the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.assumeassumptionsItaon7.characteristic:n.特征;特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的 be characteristic of 具有具有的特征的特征 character:n.特性特性;特点特点;特色特色(1)This plant has its own characteristic smell.这种植物有它自己独特的气味。(2)Honesty is the

11、most important characteristic in/of a person.诚实是一个人最重要的品质。8.attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到 attainment n.达到，获得达到，获得 attainable adj.可达到的，可实现的可达到的，可实现的1)Our economy has attained a very high rate of growth in spite of the pandemic.2)He will attain 105 next month.The great family is now preparing a big party in

12、 their village.3)A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.One characteristic of hybrid is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.9.overcome(overcame-overcome):vt.to succeed in doing sth.or to defeat 克服克服;解决解决;战胜战胜1)The two parties managed to overcome th

13、eir differences on the issue.2)In games of table-tennis China easily overcome its opponents.3)Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.10.expand vt.&vi.使变大；使变大；伸展伸展expand.into.把把扩展扩展/发展成发展成expand into

14、.发展成发展成/扩大成扩大成expand on/upon sth.细说细说(阐述阐述)某事某事expansion n.扩大；扩张；扩展扩大；扩张；扩展(1)The narrow path in the village expanded into a wide road.村里的狭窄小路拓宽成了一条大道。村里的狭窄小路拓宽成了一条大道。(2)A few years later，the writer his short novel a long one.几年以后，那位作家把他的短篇小说扩展成了长篇小说。几年以后，那位作家把他的短篇小说扩展成了长篇小说。(3)He did not expand gre

15、atly his statement.他未就他的声明多加解释。他未就他的声明多加解释。(4)The book is an (expand)of a series of lectures given last year.expandedintoon/uponexpansion1)The teacher expanded _ the uses of the English subjunctive mood in his last lecture.2)He hopes the trip will take place every year and expand _ neighbouring coun

16、tries.3)Over the years public library services _(expand).4)The airport _(expand)now will be stocked with the most advanced equipment.5)Given the necessary investment,this region is perfect for economic _(expand).ontohave expandedbeing expandedexpansion11.output n.产量;输出;输出量 vt.输出input n.输入;投入 v.输入Out

17、put will increase by 10%next year.Computers can output data more quickly now.12.estimate:vt./n.to evaluate or assess 估计估计;估价估价;估算估算1)It is hard to estimate how many children will take part in the activity.2)It is estimated the project will last five years.3)Its very difficult to give a reliable esti

18、mate.13.consume:v.to use or eat,drink or destroy 消耗消耗;吃吃;饮饮;喝喝;烧毁烧毁consumer:n.消费者，顾客消费者，顾客(CPI:consumer price index)consumption:n.消耗消耗;消耗量消耗量;消费消费1)The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.2)The hotel was quickly consumed by fire.3)Gas and oil consumption always increases in w

19、inter.14.be comprised of 包括,包含,由组成 1.The study group is comprised of six students.学习小组由六名学生组成。2.The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public.委员会由来自社会各界的代表。15.leisure:n.闲暇;休闲;空闲at leisure:闲散闲散;悠闲悠闲;不慌不忙不慌不忙;从容从容at ones leisure:有空时有空时;空闲时空闲时;方便时方便时The busy employee enjoys his lei

20、sure time on the weekends.这个忙碌的雇员在周末这个忙碌的雇员在周末享受他的休闲时间。享受他的休闲时间。16.reality n.become a reality 变成现实变成现实in reality 事实上事实上;实际上实际上real adj.真的真的;真实的真实的really adv.真正地真正地;realistic adj.现实的现实的;实事求是的实事求是的 单句语法填空单句语法填空When the _(real)was destroyed,the legend had freedom to expand.His plans were transformed ov

21、ernight _ reality.There is the point that the wealth that most people seem to be enjoying is not theirs _ reality.17.in turn 相应地相应地;转而转而;依次依次;轮流轮流in ones turn轮到某人；接着轮到某人；接着by turns 轮流；依次轮流；依次take turns doing/to do.轮流做轮流做It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人干某事轮到某人干某事in return 作为回报作为回报It is our responsibili

22、ty to take care of our sick mother _ turns.When it was his turn _(deliver)his speech，he walked towards the platform，nervous and embarrassed.He spends too much time on maths，and this _ turn affects the progress of the other subjects.At the meeting they took turns _(put)forward a number of suggestions

23、 aiming to promote the reform of education system.When it was _ my turn，I was too excited to speak.byto deliverinto putin18.essential:adj.extremely important or crucial,vital完全必完全必要的要的;极其重要的极其重要的essence:n.本质，精华，要素本质，精华，要素1)Experience is essential for this job.2)It is essential that you have some wor

24、k experience.3)As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.19.alternative:n.option or choice 可供选择的事物可供选择的

25、事物adj.used instead of or being not traditional 可供替代的可供替代的;非传统的非传统的alter:v.改变改变alternate:v.交替交替(alternate A and/with B)1)We have no alternative but to fire David.2)You can pay in cash or by check.Those are the two alternatives.3)Our country focuses on developing alternative energy in order to reduce

26、using fossil fuels.20.instance n.例子例子,实例实例,事例事例(2019天津高考天津高考)Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.例如例如,大多数食物网由许多薄弱链接组成大多数食物网由许多薄弱链接组成,而不是几个强有而不是几个强有力的链接。力的链接。for instance例如例如in the first instance第一第一,首先首先There are a number of improvements,_instance,bot

27、h mouse buttons can now be used._ _ _ most instances,there will be no need for further treatment.(2)_,we had better make sure the calculations are correct.首先首先,我们最好保证计算是正确的。我们最好保证计算是正确的。forInIn the first instance21.depth n.向下向下(或向里或向里)的距离的距离,深深(度度)(1)in depth 完全地完全地,深入地深入地(2)deep adj.深的深的 adv.深深地深深地

28、(3)deeply adv.深深地深深地,强烈地强烈地(4)deepen v.(使使)变深变深,(使使)加深加深There isnt time to dig _(deep)and put in manure or compost.If you _(deep)your knowledge or understanding of a subject,you will learn more about it and become more interested in it.(2)_,many things I did with my father still live.在我记忆深处在我记忆深处,我与

29、父亲一起做过的很多事仍然存在。我与父亲一起做过的很多事仍然存在。(3)This subject will be covered _next term.这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。deeplydeepenIn the depths of my memoryin depth1.I found his speech (convince)and admired him for his eloquence(能言善辩能言善辩).2.My calculations were based on the (assume)that house prices would remain s

30、teady.3.(devote)to his scientific work，he has no time to care for his family affairs，which his wife always complains about.4.He became that countrys ruler both in name and reality.5.More women are (attain)positions of power in public convincingassumptionDevotedinattaininglife.6.starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous(巨大的巨大的)pressure in real social media interaction.7.At least 500 people were killed，and thats conservative(保守的保守的)estimate.8.Our school managed to take in more students without (expand)the size of the schools.WhataexpandingThank you