Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 不定式作定语状语（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第三册.pptx

1、 Unit 4Space ExplorationPeriod 3Discovering Useful Structures人教版本 必修三 不定式作定语和状语一.不定式作后置定语:1）抽象名词后：way,ability,chance,opportunity,wish,reason,courage.He has the ability to deal with the matter.2）不定代词后：something,nothing,anything.There is something to talk about.(不定式与所修饰的词是同位关系)（不定式与所修饰的词是动宾关系）不定式作定语和状

2、语3)被修饰的名词前有the only,the very,the last,the next,the first,the best,以及有序数词，形容词最高级时，用不定式作后置定语He was the first one to think of the idea.4）当定语表示的是将来要做的事情时，用不定式作后置定语The stadium (build)next year will be the largest one in our city.to be built(不定式与所修饰的词是同位关系)（不定式与所修饰的词是动宾关系）（不定式与所修饰的词是主谓关系）注意：不定式作后置定语时，与它所修

3、饰的词有三种关系:1）不定式与所修饰的词是主谓关系.He is the only person to know the truth.She is always the first(person)to come and the last to leave.2）不定式与所修饰的词是动宾关系.We have something to discuss.There still remain a lot of problems to solve.（the person knows the truth.主谓关系）（discuss something.动宾关系）（solve problems.动宾关系）（th

4、e person comes and leaves.主谓关系）注意：如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。The little has a toy to play .He has a house to live .3)不定式与所修饰的词是同位关系,解释说明所修饰词的内容，常见的这类词有plan,effort,ability,chance,decision,way,ambition.I must keep the promise to pay within a month.He has an ambition to become a world champion.inwithpla

5、y with sb/sthlive in the house(promise与pay within a month是同位关系)(ambition与become a world champion是同位关系)1）My sister was the first person （think）of the idea.2）Lang Ping is the first person in the volleyball （win）an Olympic gold medal as a player and a coach.3）Could you come up with a better way （solve）

6、the difficult problem?4）The German girl has the ability （learn）Chinese well.5）Mary had great determination _（achieve）her goal.6）I have something important （tell）you.7）I want to get something （read）in the coming summer holidays.8）My mother had lots of things （deal）with.to think to win to solve to lea

7、rn to achieve to tell to read to deal 二,不定式的主动形式表被动意义1.用于 be+性质adj.+to do结构中，这一结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动 意义。用于此结构的形容词有：easy,difficult,important,nice,pleasant,hard,dangerous,comfortable 等；且不定式和句子的主语是动宾关系The song is hard （sing）.The question is easy （understand）.Our monitor is easy （get）along with.The problem i

8、s very difficult （solve）.不定式的动词是不及物动词时要加相应的介词。The chair is comfortable to sit .to get to solve to understandto sing on(sing the song)(sit on the chair)(understand the question)(get along with the our monitor)(solve the problem)1）The air in the morning is pleasant （breathe）.2）The book is very interes

9、ting （read）.3）For those who like animals，those dogs are hard （resist v.抗拒）.4）Scientific information can be difficult _（understand）.to breathe to read to resist to understand 2.不定式作后置定语，与被修饰词是动宾关系，且不定式和句子的主语是主谓关系，则不定式用主动表被动。I have a meeting （attend）.I have a lot of clothes （wash）.I have a lot of clot

10、hes （wash）by my mother.*不定式to do 作定语，如果句子主语是人，并且是to do 动作的发出者，用主动形式。并且不定式是不及物动词时，要加相应的介词Could you bring me a chair to sit .He only has a small room to live .He is a pleasant person to work .（自己洗）（妈妈洗）1）to attend the meeting 动宾关系2）I attend 主谓关系to attendto washto be washedwithinwork with the personliv

11、e in the roomonsit on the chair 二，不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语，既可位于句首，也可位于句中。1）（find）out more information about the course，please visit the website.2）We will do whatever we can （help）the victims of the earthquake.不定式作目的状语常用in order to do或so as to do，表示强调，以 使“目的”更加明确。so as to 一般不放在句首，否定形式是so as not to。in order t

12、o 可以放在句首或句中，否定形式是in order not to。We will start early (arrive)in time.To find to help in order to arriveso as to arrive 三,不定式作结果状语（1）动词不定式作结果状语时，常与 only连用，强调意料之外的结果。He hurried to the school,only (find)nobody there.she hurried to the station only (tell)that the train had gone.（2）动词不定式作结果状语时,还用于固定搭配中：t

13、oo+adj./adv.+to do sth.She is too tired to join us in the clibming.to findto be told三,不定式作结果状语注意：too.to 结构常表示“太。而不能”，但当too 后跟表示情感的形容词，如ready，pleased，happy 等时，too.to 这一结构不含否定意义，而表肯定，意为“太”。We are too pleased （work）together with you.He is too ready （help）the homeless.to work to help adj./adv,+enough+to

14、 do sth.足够。做某事，此结构中，不定式表结果 We found the stadium big enough （hold）so many people.Is that room big enough (seat)all of us?enough+n.+to do sth.I hope there are enough books for each student （have）one.have you got enough room (seat)all of us?We came to the library after school，only （tell）that it was bei

15、ng decorated.The animals before the earthquake were too nervous （eat）.She was too young _（understand）all that.to hold to haveto be toldto eatto understandto seatto seat要点三 不定式作原因状语：（在表示心理活动的adj后,如ashamed，surprised，frightened，shocked，delighted，disappointed 等）You may be surprised (find)that different

16、cultures have a lot in commom.I am pleased (invite)to give a lectureon astronomy.1）Her friends were very surprised （hear）that they had broken up.2）Mary was glad （see）his father working in the garden.3）I am sorry （hear）that you should have given up the good chance.4）Sandefur was shocked （find）out she had won a MacArthur Fellowship.to hear to see to hear to find to be invited to find 1.Finish your writing after class.2.Surf the Internet for more information about the related knowledge after school.