Unit4 Grammar定语从句1 （ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、 什么叫定语什么叫定语-限定或修饰名词的词或短语叫限定或修饰名词的词或短语叫定语，一般由定语，一般由形容词形容词或或介词短语介词短语等等作定语。作定语。E.g.a tree a light a gasa bike the studentstallbrightsmellyunder the treein the classroom 什么叫什么叫定语从句定语从句 什么叫什么叫先行词先行词 定语从句的位置定语从句的位置用用句子句子作作定语定语被定语从句修饰的被定语从句修饰的词词一般在一般在先行词的后面先行词的后面E.g.A:The man sells vegetables.B:He lives ne

2、xt to us.who lives next to usThe man sells vegetables.who lives next to us先行词先行词定语从句定语从句This is the best film that I have seen.that关系词who,whom,which,that,aswhen（时间）（时间）,where（地点）（地点）,why（原因）。（原因）。作状语作状语定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰句词或代词后面。定语从句一定放在被修饰句词或代词后面。eg.This is the car which he bought last year.先

3、行词先行词定语从句定语从句 Do you know the man who spoke just now?关系代词关系代词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词My sisterMy sister who is twentywho is twenty wo works in a bank.rks in a bank.The man The man who came here yesterday who came here yesterday h has as come e again.My wife My wife who is in Shanghaiwho is in Shanghai will co

4、mewill come back next week.back next week.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词啥时用关系代词啥时用关系副词呀！选用关系词，需要看两点选用关系词，需要看两点：看关系词在从句中充当的成分。看关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，表语做主语，宾语，表语做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词做定语用做定语用关系形容词（关系形容词（whose)指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略whowhomwhichthatwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主

5、语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省物；句子物；句子The man_ has a positive attitude will succeed.who/that The girl _ is sitting in the corner behaves well.who/thatThis is the person _ I talked to just now.(whom/who/that)This is the person to _ I talked just now.介词后的who

6、m不可省略of,to,from,about.介词后的关系代词只介词后的关系代词只能用能用whom（指人）（指人）和和 which（指物）。（指物）。whom Thinking is the key _ opens the doors of the world.which/that The house _ Im going to buy faces south.Theyre talking about the film _ I have seen.(which/that)(which/that)I have many friends _ I send postcards to before th

7、eir birthday.I have many friends to _ I send postcards before their birthday.(who/whom/that)whomDont expect people to do things _ you wouldnt do yourself.which/thatJane has borrowed the book _ was written by Laoshe.which/that The girl _ father had given us a report got first.Thats the man _ house wa

8、s burned down).whosewhose Thats the machine _ parts are too small to see.whose指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略whowhomwhichthatwhoseSummary:Summary:关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省物物;句子句子*定语从句不用定语从句不用 that的情况：的情况：1.后不可用后不可用 that，只能

9、用，只能用which或者或者who2.介词后（介词后（about,from,to,of,in.）指物用：指物用：指人用：指人用：which whom 围绕高考来释难围绕高考来释难1、Do you have anything _you want to say for yourself?2、This is the very book _Im looking for.3、This is the best _has been used against pollution.4、What is the first American film _you have seen?5、I know the thin

10、gs and persons_he referred to.6、Which is the bike_you lost?7、They secretly built up a small factory which produced things_could cause pollution只只用用that的情况：的情况：1.当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词all much.little.something.everything.anything.nothing.none.the one时时2.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有only.any.few.little.no.very等词修饰时等词修饰时

11、 3.当先行词是当先行词是形容词最高级形容词最高级或它的或它的前面有形前面有形容词最高级修饰容词最高级修饰时时 4.当先行词是当先行词是序数词序数词或它或它前面有序数词修饰前面有序数词修饰时时5.当先行词当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时时6.当主句的主语是疑问词当主句的主语是疑问词who或或which时时7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用，另外一个宜用that反之，如果一个用反之，如果一个用that另一个用另一个用which 1.He was the only person in his office_ was invited

12、.A whom B whose C that D whichPractice:2.Charlie told his mother all _had happened.A that B what C which D whoTom is the first boy _left the room.Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way.You can read any book _I have.thatthatthat_the bike he has been repaired?A.Does B.Has C.Was D.IsThe watch

13、 _mother bought yesterday is very nice.(that/which)B1.Ive read all the books _ you gave me.2.There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world.3.This is the first thing _ I want to say.4.He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there.5.The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I h

14、ave watched this year.(that)that(that)(that)(that)Now finish the following exercises 6.Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours.7.This is the very thing _ I am after.8.Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?9.Which is the star _ is nearest to th

15、e earth?that(that)thatthat1 Complete each sentence using that,which,who or whose.Then translate the sentences into Chinese with your partners.1.Here are my neighbors _ home was destroyed by the earthquake.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.whosewho3.The next

16、day people put up shelters in open air made with anything _ they could find.4.Several days later most of the buildings _ had been damaged were repaired.5.This frightened boy _ mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.that thatwhose6.We went to see our teacher _ husband lost his life in

17、 the earthquake.7.“Is this young man _ saved several people trapped under buildings?”she asked.8.A number of children _ parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities.whosewhowhose1.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark.(2019

18、浙江卷浙江卷语法填空语法填空)that/which2.The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与参与)in academic life.(2019北北京卷京卷语法填空语法填空)who3.They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019新课标新课标卷卷语法语法 填空填空)who什么叫关系副词什么叫关系副词(常见的关系副词常见的关系副词3个个

19、 )引导定语从句的引导定语从句的副词副词where,when,whyThis is the factory.I worked in it ten years ago.1.关系副词关系副词wherewhichThis is the factory which I worked in ten years ago.This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago.I worked there ten years ago.where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词名词,并在定语从句中作并在定语从句中作_,相当于相当于“介

20、词介词+_(which)”。This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.in which地点状语地点状语关系代词关系代词where引导的定语从句也可以修饰引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance等先行词。等先行词。e.g.There are cases where this rule does not hold good(正确；适用正确；适用).Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?2.关系副词关系副词whenThe

21、 days are gone forever.We lived together happily during those days.The days when we lived together happily are gone forever.whichThe days during which we lived together happily are gone foreverwhen引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词名词,在定语从句中作在定语从句中作 _,相当相当于于“介词介词+_(which)”。时间状语时间状语关系代词关系代词There are many

22、reasons.People like traveling for them.3.关系副词关系副词whywhy引导的定语从句修饰先行词引导的定语从句修饰先行词 reason,在从句中作原因状语在从句中作原因状语,相当相当于于“for+which”。There are many reasons why people like traveling.whichThere are many reasons which people like travelling for.There are many reasons for which people like travelling.1.在在the re

23、ason why 结构中，结构中，why引引 导定语从句，它也可以换为导定语从句，它也可以换为for which。在从句中做原因状语。在从句中做原因状语。2.如果关系代词指代先行词如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从在从 句中做主语、宾语、表语等时，则用句中做主语、宾语、表语等时，则用 that或或which。3.the reason is that 结构中，只能用结构中，只能用 that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影 响，误用响，误用because。The relative adverbReferring to Function in the clausewhen

24、(=at/in/on/+which)where(=in/at/+which)why(=for+which)timeadverbial of timeplacereasonadverbial of placeadverbial of reasonElias had some messages for hisfriends.Please help him completethe sentences.The mines why I got a job was the 5th of August.The reason where I worked was because of my hard work

25、.The time when I joined the were 9 km from ANC Youth League my home.The government building where we voted was late at night.The date when I arrived was very tall.1.Beijing is the place _ I was born.2.Is this the reason _ he refused our offer?3.I will never forget the day _ I first met you on the se

26、ashore.4.There are occasions _ one must yield.where(in which)why(for which)when(onwhich)when(on which)Fill in the blanks.n.场合场合;时机时机 on occasion:在在 时刻时刻/场合场合Preposition+whichPreposition+whomWe could expect good decisions from you.We thought you were such a person.We thought you were such a person fr

27、om whom we could expect good decisions.prep.object of prepositionprep.relative pronounYou were to buy dog food with the money.The money is gone.The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.prep.object of prepositionprep.relative pronoun We use a preposition to begin an attributive clause wh

28、en the relative pronoun(which or whom)is the object of the preposition.当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，我们用介词语时，我们用介词+关系代词关系代词(whom或或 which)引导定语从句。如果指人，用介引导定语从句。如果指人，用介词词+whom；如果指物，用介词；如果指物，用介词+which。A.This is the boy _ whom I played tennis yesterday.How to choose the right prepositions?1.Find o

29、ut which verb the preposition is used with.For example:B.He is the man _ whom you should give your thanks.withtoA.The farm _ which we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be.2.Find out which noun or pronoun the clause modifies.For example:B.This is the tree _ which we used to play games.onunder

30、3.Find out the meaning of the clause.For example:A.The pen _ which he is writing now was bought yesterday.B.The gas _ which we can not live is called oxygen.(He is writing with the pen.)(We can not live without the gas.)withwithout 当关系代词做当关系代词做listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care o

31、f 等不能拆开等不能拆开的短语动词的宾语时的短语动词的宾语时,在定语从句中一般在定语从句中一般不宜将介词提前。不宜将介词提前。e.g.This is the boy whom she has taken care of.Complete the following sentencesusing“preposition+which/whom”.1.This is the rock _ the boy fell down into the sea.2.The film star _ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.3

32、.The West Lake _ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.4.The subject _ Xiao Wang is good is physics.from whichabout whomfor whichat which5.The reason _ he could not go there was that his grades was too low.6.The professor _ Mr.Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in

33、science.7.Could you tell me the day _ you arrived?8.I will treasure the days _ I lived here.with whomon whichin which/duringfor which1.The person with whom _(我和他住我和他住在一起在一起)was a good friend of mine.2.The house in which _(我居住我居住的的)was far away from my work.3.The company for which _(我工作我工作的的)was foun

34、ded five years ago.I livedI was stayingI workedComplete the following sentences using attributive clause.4.The address to which _(我的信件被发送到的我的信件被发送到的)was in South Africa.5.The team for which _(我为我为之做研究的之做研究的)is the best in China.6.The scientist from whom _(我向我向他学习的他学习的)never lost heart when he was in

35、 trouble.my letters wereI did researchI learnedsent本课时涉及的要点是以本课时涉及的要点是以where,when,why,介词介词+which,介词介词+whom引导的引导的定语从句的用法。定语从句的用法。时间时间 when=in/at/on which地点地点 where=at/in which原因原因 why=for which“when”means“at that time”,“where”means“at that place”,“why”is used after the word“reason”.I.用关系副词或用关系副词或“介词介

36、词+which/whom”将下将下面两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合面两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句。句。1.He came last night.I was out at that time.2.The place was a thick forest.The prince met Emily there.He came last night _.The place _ was a thick forest.where/in which the princemet Emilywhen/at which Iwas out3.Tom refused to tell us the reason.He left his job for that reason.4.The person died three years ago.This letter was addressed to him.Tom refused to tell us the reason _.The person _ was addressed died three years ago.for which he left his jobto whom this letterwhy/