Unit4 Discovering uesful structures 定语从句趣味（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSEShe is the one that youll never forget.She is the heaven sent angel(that)you met.She must be the reason why God made a girl.见过她你便永远不能忘记见过她你便永远不能忘记见过她你便知道她是天使见过她你便知道她是天使她就是上帝制造女孩的原因她就是上帝制造女孩的原因Sentence Structure?全国卷数据分析全国卷数据分析年份年份试卷试卷所考题型所考题型出现位置出现位置所占分值所占分值所考知识点所考知识点2022新高考全国卷I

2、语法填空651.5that2021 新高考全国卷II语法填空591.5that/which2020新高考全国卷I语法填空591.5分that/which新高考全国卷II语法填空591.5分that/which2019全国卷II语法填空621.5分which全国卷III语法填空641.5分that/who2018全国卷I语法填空661.5分that/which全国卷II语法填空691.5分that/which According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 61 (long)than

3、non-runners.You dont have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die)early by running.While running regularly cannt make you live forever,the review says it 64 (be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking,cycling or swimmi

4、ng.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise its probably running.To avoid knee pain

5、,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and its always 69 (energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70 a

6、try.2020 全国卷全国卷1无提示词无提示词 空格前后都有谓语动词空格前后都有谓语动词 定语从句：定语从句：.的的基本概念和引导词定语从句的分类定语从句THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSECHAPTER 1基本概念和引导词定义：定义：在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。叫做定语从句。结构：结构：先行词先行词+引导词引导词+从句从句看成分关系代词关系代词 指代指代在定语从句中充当的成分在定语从句中充当的成分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语whowhomthatwhichwhoseas 关系代词在从句中充当主语关系代词在从

7、句中充当主语或者宾语。或者宾语。关系代词后的谓语动词，即关系代词后的谓语动词，即从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词，应与，应与先行先行词词保持保持人称和数人称和数的一致。的一致。主要有以下几个词：主要有以下几个词：who,that,whom,whose,which，as关系代词先行词关系词在定语从句中的成分关系词人人主主that/whothat/who人人宾宾that/who/whomthat/who/whom/物物主主that/whichthat/which物物宾宾that/which/that/which/人人/物物定定whosewhose注：关系词在从句中做宾语时关系词可以省略。词汇辨析词汇辨

8、析关系代词先行词在定从中成分who人人主语主语/宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语 例：I met a girl _ knew your sister.主句先行词从句关系词作主语who词汇辨析词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分who人人主语主语/宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语 例：I met a girl _ I want to marry.主句先行词从句关系词作宾语whomwho不不填填注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。词汇辨析词汇辨析The person to _ I complained is the manager.用作宾语的用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，如果不是紧跟在介词之后

9、，通常会被省略或用通常会被省略或用who或或that代之。如：代之。如：The person _ I complained to is the manager.whomwhomwhothat/The person is the manager.I complained to the person.词汇辨析词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分whose人人/物物定语定语 主句先行词 从句关系词作定语 whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与后面的名词为所属关系，可以指人也可以指物，可以与of which和of whom互换使用。例：I like the room window faces nor

10、th.whosewhose词汇辨析词汇辨析遇到以下情况只能用遇到以下情况只能用whowho，不能用，不能用thatthat。1.当先行词是one，ones，anyone，those时，只能用whoGod helps those who help themselves.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulties with pronunciation should practice.2.当先行词是人称代词时，只能用who词汇辨析词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分whic

11、h物物主语主语/宾语宾语that人人/物物主语主语/宾语宾语注：一般在先行词为物体的时候，that和which都可以互换。主句先行词 从句关系词作主语 例：She was not on the train _ arrived just now.whichwhichthatthat词汇辨析词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分which物物主语主语/宾语宾语that人人/物物主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。主句先行词 从句关系词作宾语 例：Is this the book _ you are looking for?whichwhich不填不填thatthat用 法

12、 区 别1.当先行词是anything，everything，nothing（something除外），few，all，none，little等代词时，或者是由any，every，all，some，no，little，few，much，each等修饰时：Abby told me everything(that)she knew.All that can be done has been done.There is little(that)I can do for you.Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.在下列情

13、况下，关系词用在下列情况下，关系词用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。用 法 区 别2.当先行词被序数词修饰时：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the best movie that I have ever seen.This is the very good magazine that I left on the playground.After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owne

14、d.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：4.当先行词被the very/only/same/last 修饰时：在下列情况下，关系词用在下列情况下，关系词用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。用 法 区 别在下列情况下，关系词用在下列情况下，关系词用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。5.当先行词前有who,which等疑问代词时：Who is the man that is standing there?He talked happily of the things and persons that he remembered studying in the scho

15、ol.The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.Which is the T-shirt that fits me the most?6.当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时：7.当先行词在定语从句中做表语时：用 法 区 别在下列情况下，关系词只能用在下列情况下，关系词只能用whichwhich。1.介词前置时，关系代词只能用which：I attend such activities regularly,from which I benefit a lot.Bruce doesnt listen to an

16、y advice,which makes his mother very annoyed.2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时，只能用which【考点一】【考点一】1.(2019全国)They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.2.(2018全国)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minut

17、es day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.3.(2018全国)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 m

18、illion tons.4.(2015全国)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.that+动词动词thatthatthatthat【考点二】【考点二】1.(2018全国)Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,_ is

19、 not good for the health.2.(2017全国)But Sarah,_ has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.3.(2016全国)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the development of chopsticks.名词名词/代词

20、代词,which/who+动词动词whichwhowho【考考 点三点三】1.(2019全国)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late husband Les.名词名词/代词代词,which+句子（不完整）句子（不完整）which【考点四考点四】1.(2020全国卷III)In ancient China lived an artist,_ paintings were almost lifelike.whose+名词名词who

21、se关系副词关系副词在从句中引导时间状语从句。关系副词=介词+关系代词。主要有以下几个词：where(=in/at/on which)when(=on/during/in which)why(=for which)关系副词关系副词先行词先行词句中成分句中成分where地点地点地点状语地点状语when时间时间时间状语时间状语why原因原因原因状语原因状语常见抽象地点：point,case,activity,situation,position,occasion,job,race,platform,policy,environment 等关系副词关系副词wherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语。

22、关系副词关系副词先行词先行词句中成分句中成分介词关系代词介词关系代词where地点地点地点状语地点状语in/from which 主句先行词 从句作状语 例:Shanghai is the city where I was born.改:Shanghai is the city in which I was born.关系副词关系副词wherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语。关系副词关系副词先行词先行词句中成分句中成分where地点地点地点状语地点状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例:The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled do

23、wn.主句改:The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.关系副词关系副词whenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语。关系副词关系副词先行词先行词句中成分句中成分when时间时间时间状语时间状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例:The time when we got together finally came.主句改:The time at which we got together finally came.when在定语从句中时间状语。关系副词关系副词先行词先行词句中成分句中成分when时间时间时间状语时间状语 主句

24、先行词 从句作状语 例:I still remember the day when I first came to the school.关系副词关系副词when改:I still remember the day on which I first came to the school.关系副词关系副词whywhy在定语从句中作原因状语。关系副词关系副词先行词先行词句中成分句中成分why原因原因原因状语原因状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例:Please tell me the reason why you are late.改:Please tell me the reason for whi

25、ch you are late.【考点四】【考点四】1.(2016全国)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,_ I was the first Western TV reporter.【考点五】【考点五】1.(2020全国卷I)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the

26、 moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.时间时间,when+句子句子(完整完整)地点地点,where+句子句子(完整完整)whenwhere介词+关系代词“介词+关系代词”结构也可以引导定语从句。有以下几种结构：1.介词+whom/whichThe woman general still can remenber the day on which she joined the army.2.介词短语+whom/whichThe man has a house,in front of which

27、 is the sea.3.不定代词或/数词+whom/whichChina has a lot of famous writers,one of whom is Luxun.4.名词+of whichShe mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have written on my notebook.介词的选用1.选用介词时要注意与先行词的搭配I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.I will never forget the days during which I work

28、ed in the school.I will never forget the year in which my son went to college.I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,by which most people had had supper.介词的选用2.选用介词时要注意与谓语动词的搭配习惯Have you found the book for which I paid 29 dollars?Have you found the book on which I spent 29 dollars?Have you found the book

29、from which we learnt a lot?Have you found the book about which she often talks?1.The woman _ is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor.2.Those _ want to see the film set down your names,please.3.I like these books _ topics are about history.4.Look,here are some people _ I want you to meet.who/that

30、whowhosewho/whom/that/心灵手巧心灵手巧5.Tina felt diasppointed because the watch,_ which she was proud,was missing.of6.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?7.I will never forget the days _ we stayed together.8.The reason _ he was late was that he missed his train.10.This is t

31、he camera _ which he often takes photos.that/whichwhenwhywhere心灵手巧心灵手巧9.Keep the book in a place _ you ca find it easily.with定语从句THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSECHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2定从的分类是指先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往用逗号隔开。限制性定语

32、从句非限制性定语从句1.从句修饰先行词，关系词在从句中做成分，且在从句中作宾语时可以省略；Ill never forget the day(that)we spent together.2.可以用that引导；That is the very tool that are looking for.3.省去定从则句子意思不完整。限制性定语从句1.从句修饰先行词或者前面的整个句子，或其中一部分。He suddenly fell ill,which kept him from school.2.不可以用that引导，主句和从句要用逗号隔开；His dog,which he liked very muc

33、h,died yesterday.3.从句只是作为主句意义的补充，可以省去。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。aswhich位置位置句首、句中、句末句首、句中、句末常在主句之后常在主句之后修饰内容修饰内容先行词或主句先行词或主句主句主句as引导非限定从时应被译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：as is known,as is said,as is reported,as is often the case,as is expectedAs引导的非限定从Einstein,as is known,is a famous scientist.As

34、 is reported,China has become an important country in the world.He didnt come to attend the meeting,as is expected.as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。aswhich位置位置句首、句中、句末句首、句中、句末常在主句之后常在主句之后修饰内容修饰内容先行词或主句先行词或主句主句主句蓝色标记部分为被修饰内容。which引导的非限定从Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.My son now goes to the school,which I used to go to when I was a child.as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。aswhich位置位置句首、句中、句末句首、句中、句末常在主句之后常在主句之后修饰内容修饰内容先行词或主句先行词或主句主句主句注：蓝色标记部分为被修饰内容。