Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句（ppt课件） (3)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、 定语从句定语从句 1.概念概念2.先行词先行词3.关系词关系词定语：被翻译为定语：被翻译为“的的”就是定语就是定语Jackson Yee is a handsome boy.易烊千玺是一个男孩。Mike is the boy standing under the tree.迈克是那个站在树下的学生。Harry Potter is a famous book whichis written by J.K.Rowing.哈利波特是一部由J.K罗琳所写的。定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质或特征tallrichhandsome activeenergetichard-workingbeau

2、tifulcuteinteresting friendlyenergetichard-workingI like the boywho is tall,rich and handsome who is beautiful,interesting and hard-working 定语从句定语从句概念概念:在句子中做在句子中做定语定语的从句叫的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句起做定语从句。定语从句起形容形容词词的作用，在句子中修饰的作用，在句子中修饰名词名词或代词或代词。被修饰的词是。被修饰的词是先行词先行词，引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词。定定语语从从句句限制性定语从句限制性定语从

3、句非限制性定语从非限制性定语从句句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开写时往往逗号分开。Harry Potter is a famous book which is written by J.K.Rowing.H

4、arry Potter，which is written by J.K.Rowing，is a famous book.that 不能用于非限不能用于非限定性定语从句中定性定语从句中为什么要用定语从句？为什么要用定语从句？她是那个游遍了美国的英语老师。She is the English teacher.（被修饰）The English teacher has travelled around the US.(修饰语）被修饰的词the English teacher=先行词=两个简单句重合的词She is the English teacher who has travelled around

5、 the US.定语从句的位置定语从句的位置 I know who is crying.I like the pen that you gave to me.The film which was shown last night was a great success.当定语是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在修饰词的后面而当定语不再是一个单词而是一个句子时我们需要使用定语从句何时使用定从？何时使用定从？He is the man who you are looking for.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词关系词的作用关系词的作用关系词在定语从句中的成

6、分指代对象关系代词who主语或宾语人whom宾语人whose定语人或物that主语或宾语或表语人或物which主语或宾语物as主语或宾语或表语人或物关系副词where地点状语地点when时间状语时间why原因状语原因关系代词的辨析关系代词的辨析先行词是“人”先行词是“人”从句里充当“主语”或“宾语”从句里充当“宾语”先行词是“人”或“物”从句里充当“定语”I know the girl who was fat before.主系表who在定语从句里做主语The girl whom I know was fat before.主谓宾whom在定语从句里做语定系主表Which girl do yo

7、u know?The girl whose name is Judy was fat before.w h o s e 在 定 语 从 句 里 做 定 语先行词是“物”先行词是“人”或“物”从句里充当“主语”或“宾语”从句里充当“主语”或“宾语”that 和和 which 的辨析的辨析只用 which 而不用that 的情况1.引导非限制性定语从句时 He was very rude to Customs officer,which made things even worse.2.关系代词在从句中紧接在介词之后作宾语时This is the question about which weve

8、 had so much discussion.3.先行词本身为that时，为避免重复用whichWhats that which flashed in the sky just now?4.先行词后有插入语时Here is an English grammar book which,as I told you,will help you improve your English.只用 that 而不用 which 的情况1.当先行词是不定代词（all,little,much,none,everything,something,anything,nothing 等）或被不定代词（all,eve

9、ry,some,any,no,little,much,few等）修饰时Thats all that I want to say.2.当先行词被the only,the very,the just,the last 修饰时This is the very English-Chinese dictionary that I want to buy.3.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时Paris is one of the most beautiful cities that I have visited.4.当人和物同时作先行词时The thing and the person that th

10、ey are talking about is very important.1.She never gives in to those _ have money.2.This is the best film _ has been shown so far in the city.3.February is the only month _ has fewer than 30 days.4.My son made notes of everything _ he read.5.Will you show me the girl _ name is Wei Fang?6.Please pass

11、 me the book_is lying on the table.7.My grandparents like stories _ endings are happy.8.Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _ is leading a search to develop“sea rice”.9.The teacher _I like best often encourages me to fight for my dream.10.Jack likes being with the classmates_are outgoing and k

12、ind.做题方法做题方法 一判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：一判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：主要按照以下三步来判断：1.找准先行词（即横线前的词是否为名词或代词）。2.把先行词（横线前的名词或者代词）还原到定语从句中，看句子能否读懂。3.如果意思成立，即为定语从句。4.若先行词为人：that/who 指人前后都为名词，判断是否为所属关系，若为所属则用whose。5.若先行词为物：that/which 6.若横线前有介词 人：whom 物：which7.若有逗号：which1.Finally,the thief handed everything _he had stolen to the pol

13、ice.（1987全国）A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 2.My friend showed me round the town,_ was very kind of him.(2009全国17)A.which B.that C.where D.it3.Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.（2014陕西卷）A.thatB.which C.asD.what先行词人，用先行词人，用who/whom/that；先行词物，用先行词物，用 t

14、hat/which。人物做宾语，关系词可省略。人物做宾语，关系词可省略。that that 真有趣真有趣，两个地方她不去。，两个地方她不去。介词后面不会去，逗号后面不考虑。介词后面不会去，逗号后面不考虑。practice1.Tom is good at maths,so I think he is the student_ can help you to work out this problem.A.whom B.who C.which D.whatpractice2.A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek o

15、pportunities abroad.A.which B.whose C.who D.whypractice2.He lives in a room_window faces north.A.whom B.who C.which D.whose定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词指人指人指指物物who(who(主、宾、表主、宾、表)，whom(whom(宾宾)，that(that(主、宾、表主、宾、表),whose(),whose(定定)that(that(主、宾、表主、宾、表),which(),which(主、宾主、宾)whose(whose(定定)where(

16、where(地点状语地点状语)when(when(时间状语时间状语)why(why(原因状语原因状语)1.1.先行词一般紧靠连接词先行词一般紧靠连接词2.2.当关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略当关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略在从句中充当的成分什么时候用关系代词？什么时候用关系代词？什么时候用关系副词？什么时候用关系副词？(1)从句中缺少成分：(2)从句中不缺少成分：1.Maybe she is the girl_ I met in the street yesterday.A.whom B.which C.as D.what2.The new teacher _will teach us Engli

17、sh this term comes from Canada.3.Ill never forget the days_ I spent with you in the beautiful countryside.4.Finally he reached a lonely island _was completely cut off from the outside world.practice1.We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer(2003北京)A.which B.that C.whose D.when2.Som

18、e pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs.(2007年全国一)A.then B.where C.while D.there1.-Qingdao is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever been to.-So it is.Many international meetings are held there every year.A.that B.which C.what D.whom2.-Have you watched the play“

19、In the name of People”?-Its the most popular play _ _our Partys trying to struggle against corruption（腐败）.A.where;show B.which;show C.that;shows D.who;shows 3.We are talking about the piano and the pianist _were in the concert last night.A.that B.which C.who D.whom4.She often parks her car near the

20、house _ she can easily get to.A.where B.whoC.which D.what5.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit France.A.which B.who C.what D.how 6.What kind of movies do you prefer?I prefer the movies _ _ me something to think about.A.which give B.that gives C.what gives D.w

21、ho gives7.She is the girl _ brother is studying abroad.A.that B.who C.whose D.whom 8.Everyone _ is a server knows that customers always come first.A.whom B.what C.who D.which 9.You are talented young adult_ _ full of hope for the future.A.who;isB.whom;isC.whom;areD.who;are10.This is a heartwarming s

22、tory about a boy_ saved his mothers life.A.which B.who C.whose D.whom 11.Many children,parents are working in big cities,are taken good care of in the villageA.their B.whose C.them D.whom12.As a child,Jack studied in a village school,_ is named after his grandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that 13.

23、His movie won several awards at the film festival,was beyond his wildest dream.A.whereB.that C.which D.it14.She is one of the teachers _ _ much teaching experience.A.who;has B.who;have C.whom;has D.whom;have CREDITS:This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,including icons by Flaticon and infographics&images by FreepikTHANKS!