初二英语下册必考知识点以及单词表归纳完整版.doc

1、初二(八年级)下册英语第一单元知识点归纳初二(八年级)下册英语第一单元知识点主要是依据初二(八年级)下册英语教材，从重点短语、知识归纳、语法知识这三个部分总结了初二(八年级)下册英语第一单元知识点，适合初二学生学习英语、中考考生备考英语。【重点短语】1. fewer people 更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定)2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词，表示否定)3. in ten years 10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon)4. fall in love with 爱上例：When I met Mr. Xu for t

2、he first time, I fell in love with him at once当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他5. live alone 单独居住6. feel lonely 感到孤独(比较：live alone/go along等)The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独7. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪8. fly to the moon 飞上月球9. hundreds of +复数 数百/几百(概数，类似还有thousan

3、ds of; millions of)10. the same as 和相同11. A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)12. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”13. get bored 变得厌倦(get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等)14. go skating 去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等)15. lots

4、 of/a lot of 许多(修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以)16. at the weekends 在周末17. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)19. I dont agree. = I disagree. 我不同意20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词)21. on vacation 度假22. help sb with sth/help sb do sth

5、 帮助某人做某事23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号26. as a reporter 作为一名记者27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗29. in the future 在将来/在未来30. no more=not anymore 不再(强调多次发生的动作不再发生)I

6、ll go there no more.31. no longer=not any longer 不再(强调状态不再发生)32. besides(除之外还，包括)与except but(除之外，不包括)33. be able to与can 能、会l (be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态)例如：1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. (不可以用can)2. had to stay at home/ will have

7、 to (不可以用must)34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤34. be in college 在上大学35. live on a space station 住在空间站36. dress casually 穿得很随意casual clothing 休闲服饰37. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯 win award 获僵38. come true 变成现实39. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间40. be fun to watch 看起来有趣41. over and over again 一次又一次42. be in

8、 different shapes 形状不同43. twenty years from now 今后20年 【本单元目标句型】1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.l fewer; less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。3. Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, they will。4. P

9、redicting the future can be difficult.5. I need to look smart for my job interview.6. I will be able to dress more casually.7. I think Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?9. That may not seem possible now,

10、but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.【知识归纳】形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视：a)表示A与B在程度上相同b)时，c) “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不d)如B时，e)可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。f)表示A比B在程度上“更.”时，g)可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构h)表示三者或三者以上的比较，i)其中一个在程度上“最.”时，j)常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构，k)后

11、面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意：副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.)l)在形容词或副词的比较级前，m)可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰，n)以加强语气。o)表示“越来越.”时，p)常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，q)但要注意，r)对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，s)副词而t)言，u)若要表达此意时，v)要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。w)在表示“其中最.之一“的含义时，x)常使用 “one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名y)词复z)数”结构，aa)其中的定冠

12、词the不bb)可以省略。cc)如果强调“两者中比较的(一个)”的意思时，dd)可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。ee)表示“越.越.”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级，ff)the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。2 .一般将来时一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简略为ll， will not常简略为wont。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑问结构可表示如下：肯定句否定句疑问句I (We)shall(will) go.You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will)

13、 not go.You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?Will you (he, she, they) go?用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时，表示将要发生的事，打算或决定要做的事。b)一般将来时的用法：1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2) 不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;afte

14、r常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。4.more, less, fewer的用法区别：more为many, much的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级，意为“更好，较少”，修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级，意为“更少”，修饰可数名词复数。【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点，几个”。5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“; would

15、like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时，其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “Id like /love to, but.”6. Such作形容词，意思是“如此的”“这样的”，修饰各种名词。Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。Such常和as搭配，表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配，表示“如此.以至于”如It was such a hot day that we

16、 all had to stay at home.Suchthat和sothat都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词，所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，such和so的位置不同：suc

17、h+a/an+形容词+单数名词so+形容词+a/an+单数名词如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数，只可用such,不能用so.:such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时，用so，不用such.当little表示“年纪小的”时，可用such+little+名词。7.be able to 为“能，会”，表示能力，在这个意义上与can的意思相同，一般情况下两者可以互换，但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态，主要体现在be的变化。两者在用法上有一些差异：can (

18、could)表示主观能力不表示意愿，它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。 【重点语法】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ; 3.how soon;4.by+将来时间; 5.by the time sb.do 6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do例Be quick, or you will be late=If you dont be quick, you will be late7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主

19、句用将来时 8.another day比较be going to 与will:be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”

20、的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。be going to do (动词原形)结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do

21、 结构表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见Do you think it will rain?You will feel better after a good rest.2. 表示意图I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：(1)will+主语+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?(2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be ?Will there be fewer tr

22、ees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont否定句构成：will + not (wont)+doSarah wont come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词+will+主语+?What will Sarah do next Sunday?根据例句，用will改写下列各句例：I dont feel well today. (be better tomorrow) Ill be better tomorrow.1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework t

23、onight)_2. Im tired now. (sleep later)_3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)_4. We cant leave right now. (leave a little later)_5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)_初二英语下册第二单元重点总结一丶重点短语1.argue v.争论;争吵 argue with sb.与某人吵架I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。2. either adv.(用于否

24、定句)也He doesnt have any money, and I dont, either.他没有钱，我也没有。I cant play chess. She cant, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。 too 也(用于肯定或疑问句)Im a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老师，他也是老师。3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人寻求某物;要Dont ask for food every day.Go and find some work. 别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。I dont think you should ask your paren

25、ts for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。4.the same as. 与相同 (注意前后两个比较对象的属性保持一致)The clothes are the same as my friends.这些衣服与我朋友的一样。Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna. 汤姆和安娜一样大。Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。5.except 除以外;(不包括在内)My class has been invited except me.除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。All t

26、he students went to the park except him.除了他之外，全体同学都去过公园了。They all traveled America except her. 除了她以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。注意区别：besides 除以外，还有.(包括在内)We all went there besides him.除他去以外，我们也都去了。(= He went there.We went there, too.) 他也去了，我们也去了!/大家都去了!There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5名访客 (加上我是6个)6

27、.wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合适的 Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?) Ive got a headache.我头痛。Whats wrong with your watch? It doesnt work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。注意：Whats the matter with you?= Whats wrong with you ?=Whats the trouble with you? 你怎么了?/你出什么事了?7.get on(well) with sb.与某人相处(融洽)get on ( well ) with sth 某事进展地好

28、The students will get on well with the teacher.学生会和老师相处得非常好。How are you going on with your new friends? 你和你的新朋友相片如何 ?These days ,Mr Green gets on well with his new job.这些天，格林先生的工作进展很顺利8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.与某人打架I dont want to have a fight with my cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。They never fight

29、with each other.They are really good friends.他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。 二、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)What should I do? You could write him a letter.What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to himWhat should they do? They shouldnt argue.三、词语辨析1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 (借回来)lend sth. to sb. = lend

30、 sb. sth 把某物借给某人 (借出去)注： borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.是指该句的主语把某物(往外)借给别人用例如：Could you lend me your car?=Could you lend your car to me?请你借给我你的车用一下好吗?2. get sb. to do 使做(以人为对象时，有“说服使做”的含义)He coul

31、d get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。Youll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。ask sb. to do 邀请(人)做We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会 tell sb. to do让某人做某事 例如：The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。3、be in style 时髦的，流行的be out of style 过时的，不时髦的例： Look! Her ne

32、w dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。 四、课文解释1、I dont want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊eg. My friend always surprises me.2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流On the phone 在电话里 。不能使用 in the phone、eg. They talk about a lot on the phon

33、e yesterday.他们昨天在电话里谈了很多3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券 (注意to 译为：.的)eg. They got two tickets to tonights show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。eg. Tim has the same cl

34、othes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。7、find out (经过某人的研究、努力)发现，查出，找出You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请(信)此句中else一词不能单独使用，它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”eg. What e

35、lse 别的什么， Who else 其他谁 someone else 其他人9、I cant think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，应用陈述语序 (即 ：主语+动词)10、Im very upset and dont know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I dont know what I should do.”请背熟以下两个常见结构： I dont know what to do .我不知道该做什么。I

36、 dont know how to do it. 我不知道该怎么去做它。11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。leave sth. +介词短语，是“把忘在，落在(某处)的意思。eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。注：千万不能根据汉语的说法写为：forget sth ,只能用leave sth.表示“落下”13、

37、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。Try to do努力做，试着做，尽量做而try not to do 是尽量不做eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够的” (后置)eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力

38、下16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事 (强调动作正在进行)See sb do sth 看见某人做过某事 (强调动作已结束)eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做(事)很难He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难注：it 初中阶段常作：形式主语 /形式宾语 ，而句子真正的主语/宾语则由t

39、o do 来担当.练习题一丶单项选择1. Im not good at math. I really dont know_.A. what should I do B.how should do C.what to do2. My best friend is the same_. We are both 12 years old.A. as my age B.age as me C.as me age3. Can you_ what time the meeting starts?A.find out B.look after C.find4. My mother knows little

40、about fashion. Her clothes are always_A.in style B. Out of style C.new and smart5. Dad, I dont have enough money to buy a CD. Could you_me some?A.borrow B.lend C.keep6. Dont argue_ your parents. Its not polite.A.to B.for C.with7. “What should I do ?” “_ you could get_part-time job.”A.Maybe ,a B.May

41、be ,/ C.Really, a8.-Youd better not go out now. Its raining- It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep_ the rain.A.in B.of C.out9. Its a beautiful coat. But he _ only 30 dollars for it.A. paid B.bought C.spent10.The weather is_ for us to go swiming.A.enough warm B.warm enough C.too warm11.He_ his homew

42、ork at home yesterday.A. left B.leaves C.forgot12. Could you give me_ to eat? Im hungry.A.anything B.something C.some thing13. If you are wrong, you should _sorry _others.A. talk, to B.say, to C.speak, about14. I was told to be here before seven.- Oh, you_ .Im sorry for not telling you that we have

43、changed the plan.A. must B.cant C.neednt15. Whats wrong _ your radio?- It doesnt work.A. to B.with C.for二丶根据首字母及句意完成单词。1. We a_ with the taxi driver about the money yesterday.2. Under the p_ of modern life, many people feel very tired.3. Everyone went to play soccer e_ Tom ,because he doesnt like it

44、.4. She didnt go to bed u_her mother came back last night.5. Julia f_ her test,so she was very upset.三丶甩所给词的适当形式填空。1. Dont be stressed out. You should try _ (be) relaxed.2. Give me_ (free) or let me die3. I plan to _ (surprised) her at her birthday party.4. Could you please _ (pass) me those dumplings?5. Im very upset and dont know what _ (do).四丶根据汉语完成句子。1. 她生你的气了，所以你她打电话。She _ _ _ you, so y