2022年中考英语一轮复习（ppt课件）-名词.pptx

1、名词名词以下哪些词是名词?bookbookgogocoffeecoffeehappyhappyNancyNancywellwelllovelovefamilyfamilySundaySundaytheythey什么是名词?名词名词是人们认识世界所使用的最基本的词汇，名词是人们认识世界所使用的最基本的词汇，是表示是表示人物，动物，事物，地点的名称人物，动物，事物，地点的名称或者或者抽象概念的词汇抽象概念的词汇。总结：名词既可以表示总结：名词既可以表示具体的东西具体的东西，也可以，也可以表示表示抽象的概念抽象的概念。专有名词是表示专有名词是表示特定的特定的某个（些）人，事物，节日，地点，机构等某个

2、（些）人，事物，节日，地点，机构等专有名称的词。专有名称的词。SaturdaySaturdayAugustAugustTiananmen SquareTiananmen SquareChristmasChristmasEnglandEnglandMikeMike专有名词这些词有什么共同特征？E EC CT TA AS SMMSaturdaySaturdayAugustAugustTiananmen SquareTiananmen SquareChristmasChristmasEnglandEnglandMikeMike专有名词这些词有什么共同特征？E EC CT TA AS SMM专有名词的

3、专有名词的首字母首字母一般要一般要大写大写。NNew ew Y YorkorkY YangzhouangzhouS Summer Palaceummer PalaceY Yang ang L LingingJ JayayHHelenelen专有名词人名地名国家名C ChinahinaJ JapanapanA AmericamericaGGermanermanE EnglishnglishF FrenchrenchA AmericanmericanI IndianndianJ Japaneseapanese专有名词国家人语言名天体名MMars(ars(火星火星)V Venus(enus(金星金星

4、)J Jupiter(upiter(木星木星)F FridayridayS SundayundayMMondayondayA AprilprilMMarcharchJ Januaryanuary专有名词月份星期节日thethe S Spring pring F FestivalestivalC Childrens hildrens D DayayMMount ount T Taiaithe the Y Yellow ellow R RiveriverHHarry arry P Potter(otter(哈利波特哈利波特)the the B Bible(ible(圣经圣经)专有名词书名，电影名等

5、山河，海洋称呼MMr r B BrownrownUUnclencle J JohnohnHi,kids!Finish the tasks and then you can get a lot of candies!看到非专有名词，大声说“no,no,no!”看到专有名词，大声说“yeah,yeah,yeah!”Task 1Task 1Task 1Task 1Task 1Task 1Task 1Task 1同词异意有些单词首字母大写时和小写时所表达的意思大不相同C Chinahina 中国chinachina 瓷器A Augustugust 八月augustaugust 威严的J Japanap

6、an 日本japanjapan 漆器B Blacklack 布莱克（姓）black black 黑色GGreenreen格林（姓）green green 绿色S Smithmith史密斯（姓）smith smith 铁匠普通名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词你是怎么理解这四类普通名词的？普通名词个体名词：某类人或事物中的个体man 男子 window 窗户 computer 电脑 horse 马集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体people 人们 family 家庭 class 班级 police 警察wood 木头 air 空气 rain 雨 coffee 咖啡物质名词：表示无法分为个体

7、的物质，材料等抽象名词：表示人或事物的动作，状态，品质，情感等抽象概念work 工作 fun 乐趣 interest 兴趣 love 爱Task 2选出不同类的一项A.A.milkmilk物质名词B.B.timetimeC.C.rainrain抽象名词物质名词Task 2选出不同类的一项A.A.parkpark个体名词B.B.librarylibraryC.C.funfun个体名词抽象名词Task 2选出不同类的一项A.A.airair抽象名词B.B.familyfamilyC.C.peoplepeople集体名词集体名词名词作定语大多数情况下名词用单数形式作定语a a shoeshoe fa

8、ctory factory 一家鞋厂一家鞋厂 a a musicmusic teacher teacher 一位音乐老师一位音乐老师 an an orangeorange tree tree 一棵橙子树一棵橙子树名词作定语有些名词需要用复数形式作定语a a clothesclothes shop shop一家服装店一家服装店 a a sportssports meeting meeting一场运动会一场运动会 a a glassesglasses shop shop一家眼镜店一家眼镜店名词作定语manman，woman woman作定语修饰名词复数时，需要变为复数形式；manymany wom

9、en women teachers teachers 许多女老师some some menmen doctors doctors 一些男医生three three girlgirl students students 三名女学生 two two boyboy players players 两名男运动员而而girlgirl，boyboy作定语修饰名词复数时，不需要变为复数形式。特殊情况特殊情况Task3Task3Fill in the blanksFill in the blanks1.There are a lot of _(pear)trees there.2.The three _(wo

10、man)teachers are from Yangzhou.3.The _(shoe)shops are near the town.4.My mother is cooking some_(tomato)soup.5.The _(sport)meeting is very exciting.womenwomen pear pear shoe shoe tomato tomato sports sports名词的数可数名词：数量上可以计数，可以数出数量的事物。有单数和复数。an applean applesome applesome apples sa ducka duckfour duck

11、four ducks san eggan eggmany eggmany eggs sa peacha peacha fewa few peachpeachesesa lot of egga lot of eggs sTip:Tip:可数名词复数前可用具体的数字，some,a few，many,a lot of 等修饰。几个，比some数量少单数变复数规则末尾加 S S apple-apple-appleapples s boy-boy-boy boys s pear-pear-pear pears s cow-cow-cow cows s单数变复数规则 glass-glass-glass g

12、lasseses box-box-box boxeses watch-watch-watch watcheses dish-dish-dishdisheses以s,x,ch,sh结尾，末尾加 eses单数变复数规则 library-library-libra librar r city-city-ci cit t baby-baby-ba bab b strawberry-strawberry-strawber strawberr r以辅音字母加y结尾，去y加 b bo oy-y-boyboys s t to oy-y-toytoys s 注意：iesiesiesiesiesiesiesies

13、iesiesy yy yy yy y单数变复数规则 scar scarf f-scar scar lea leaf f-lea lea wi wifefe-wi wi kni knifefe-kni kni以f,fe结尾，去f,fe加 vesves 注意：roof-roof-roofroofs s chief-chief-chief chiefs sbelief-belief-beliefbeliefs s cliff-cliff-cliff cliffs svesvesff vesvesvesvesfefevesves单数变复数规则 hero-hero-hero heroeses mango

14、-mango-mangomangoeses potato-potato-potatoe potatoes s tomato-tomato-tomato tomatoeses以o结尾，有生命，加 photo-photo-photosphotoskilo-kilo-kilo kilos sradio-radio-radiosradiospiano-piano-piano pianos seses无生命，加 S S不规则变化 变元音字母 m me en n woman-woman-wom wome en n child-child-child childrenren foot-foot-f feee

15、et t tooth-tooth-t teeeethth goose-goose-g geeeesese mouse-mouse-micemice ox-ox-ox oxenen man-man-词尾加（r）en 其他 medium-medium-mediamedia becterium-becterium-becteriabecteria basis-basis-basbase es sdatum-datum-datadataTask 4Task 4A.A.末尾+s+sB.B.末尾+es+esC.C.去y+iesy+iesD.D.去f,fe+vesf,fe+vesE.E.特殊scarfsca

16、rflibrarylibrarychildchildboxboxbookbook给蜘蛛们找到自己的食物吧！给蜘蛛们找到自己的食物吧！Task 4Task 4A.A.末尾+s+sB.B.末尾+es+esC.C.去y+iesy+iesD.D.去f,fe+vesf,fe+vesE.E.特殊wifewifecitycityfootfootwatchwatchboyboy给蜘蛛们找到自己的食物吧！给蜘蛛们找到自己的食物吧！一些“奇怪”的名词 一些名词看起来是复数，实际是不可数名词 news news maths maths politics politics physics physics means

17、means athletics athletics(竞技)一些“奇怪”的名词 一些名词通常都是复数形式存在 pants pants jeans jeans shorts shorts trousers trousers gloves gloves shoes shoes scissors scissors(剪刀)compassescompasses(圆规)glasses glasses(眼镜)headphones headphones(耳机)一些名词单复数同形 一些“奇怪”的名词 sheep-sheep sheep-sheep deer-deer deer-deer Chinese-Chine

18、se Chinese-Chinese(中国人)Japanese-Japanese Japanese-Japanese(日本人)Swiss-Swiss Swiss-Swiss（瑞士人）fish-fishfish-fish（鱼的数量）一些名词既是可数名词也是不可数名词 一些“奇怪”的名词food food fruit fruit 不可数可数fish 鱼肉fish 1.鱼的数量（单复数同形）2.鱼的种类 fishespaper 纸a paper a paper 一张报纸/文件/试卷iron 铁an iron 一个熨斗experience 经验an experience 一次经历youth 青春a y

19、outh 一个青年人beauty 美a beauty 一个美人word 消息a word 一个单词room 空间a room 一个房间glass 玻璃a glass 一个玻璃杯一些“奇怪”的名词 集体名词1.family,team,class等若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。The family consists of five people.The family like reading books.（整体）（家庭成员）2.people(人),cattle（牛，牲畜）,police(警察)，goods(货物),clothes（衣服）等它们都是复数意义,作主语时谓语动

20、词用复数The police are looking for the thief.The goods are from China.Task 5 写出下列名词的复数形式1.day_3.photo_5.people_7.cattle_9.walkman_11.watch_13.party_15.sheep_17.horse_2.snowman_4.mouse_6.tooth_8.thief_10.boy_12.Chinese_14.tomato_16.apple tree_18.woman nurse_dayssnowmenphotosmicepeopleteethcattlethieveswa

21、lkmansboyswatchesChinesepartiestomatoessheepapple trees horseswomen nurses 名词的数 不可数名词：不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念，状态，品质，感情 或者表示物质材料的东西。无复数形式！物质名词：milk,coffee,tea,water,beer,juice,soupmilk,coffee,tea,water,beer,juice,soup，colacolalove,interest,emotion,fun,time,success.love,interest,emotion,fun,time,success.抽

22、象名词：meat,pork,rice,bread,sugar,butter,chocolatemeat,pork,rice,bread,sugar,butter,chocolatesnow,rain,wind,ice,airsnow,rain,wind,ice,air，paper,cloth.paper,cloth.其他：news,physics,homework,music,history.news,physics,homework,music,history.以下哪些是不可数名词？Task 6Task 6milkmilkboxboxbreadbreadnewsnewscatcatbagba

23、gfunfuninterestinteresticeicemusicmusicpaperpaper名词的数 表示不可数名词数的方法:There is There is somesome chocolate in the box.chocolate in the box.Is there Is there anyany juice in the fridge?juice in the fridge?There is not There is not muchmuch water in the bottle.water in the bottle.Helen only drinks Helen o

24、nly drinks a littlea little water every day.water every day.There is There is a lot ofa lot of milk in the glass.milk in the glass.用a lot of,some,any,much,a little,little等表示量的多少Helen only drinks Helen only drinks littlelittle water every day.(water every day.(几乎不喝)名词的数 表示不可数名词数的方法:a bar ofa bar of c

25、hocolate chocolate 一块巧克力注意：在这种表示名词量的形式中，单复数形式体现在量词上a bag ofa bag of bread bread 一袋面包a piece ofa piece of paper paper 一张纸a bottle ofa bottle of milk milk 一瓶牛奶a cup ofa cup of tea tea 一杯牛奶用“数词（或a,an）+量词+of+不可数名词”结构表示量的多少two glasses of juice（复数）a glass of juice(单数)不可数名词的特殊用法不可数名词用法很特殊，五点用法要记住：一是无复数；二是作

26、主语，谓语用单数；三是其前不用a和an,可用the来表特指；四是不用数词来修饰，可用some,any,much和a lot of五是如果表示它的数，数词量词加“of”。Task 71.Give me _ of bread.2.I want some _ and two_ of coffee.3.I dont have any _,but I have some_.4.Would you like some_?选择填空A.a piece ofB.piece ofC.twoA.sandwich;cupB.cake;cupsC.bread;cupsA.banana;juiceB.juice;bana

27、nasC.juices;bananaA.appleB.breadsC.milk名词所有格表示有生命的东西的名词所有格形式1.单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词一般在词尾加“s”the boythe boyss book bookthe childrenthe childrenss bags bags2.以s结尾的复数名词在词尾直接加“”the teachersthe teachers office officethe girlsthe girls penspens3.表示两个人共有某物时，在后一个名词后面加“ss”;表示两个人分别拥有时，则分别在两个名词后面加“ss”Mike and JohnMi

28、ke and Johnss bedroom bedroomMikeMikess and John and Johnss bedroom bedrooms s（表示两个人合住一个房间）（表示两个人各有一个房间）名词所有格表示无生命的东西的名词所有格形式 一般用“.of.of.”的结构the windows the windows of of the room the room 房间里的窗户the map the map ofof the world the world 世界地图the photo the photo ofof the museum the museum 博物馆的照片名词所有格表示

29、时间，地点或国家，城市等无生命事物的名词所有格形式 一般用“ss”的结构todaytodayss news news 今天的新闻ten minutesten minutes walk walk 十分钟的步行路程the citythe cityss life life 城市生活ChinasChinas population population 中国人口名词所有格双重所有格 将s所有格和of所有格结合起来一起使用a friend a friend of of my fathermy fathers s 我爸爸的一个朋友that photo that photo ofof Mr Green Mr

30、Greenss 格林先生的那张照片出现双重所有格主要是因为一个名词前通常只能有一个限定词。没有Mr Greens that photoMr Greens that photo这样的表达Task 9Task 9Fill in the blanksFill in the blanks1.There is _(Amy and Helen)classroom.2.My _(mother)birthday is in May.3.Lucys _(parent)room is on the second floor.4.It is about ten_(hour)walk.5.Is the big ora

31、nge _(Yang Ling)?Amy and HelenAmy and Helenssmothermotherss parentsparents hourshours Yang LingYang LingssTask 10Task 101.麦克的汽车_ 2.男孩们的风筝_3.我朋友的足球_ 4.儿童节_5.老师们的书_ 6.房间的门_7.我学校的照片_ 8.双胞胎的父母_9.我父亲的那个朋友_Mikes carthe boys kitesmy friends footballChildrens Daythat friend of my fathersthe teachers booksthe door of the roomthe photo of my schoolthe twins parents翻译短语Good job!The candies are all yours.Practice makes perfectPractice makes perfect