2022年中考英语 语法总复习-名词 （ppt课件） .pptx

1、专有名词一，地点/国名the Great Wall,the Yellow RiverChina二，月份/星期三，人名Mary,Sam四，机构 the United Nations一月 January，缩写Jan七月 July，缩写Jul二月 February，缩写Feb八月 August，缩写Aug三月 March，缩写Mar九月 September，缩写Sep/Sept四月 April，缩写Apr十月 October，缩写Oct五月 May，缩写May十一月 November，缩写Nov六月 June，缩写Jun十二月 December，缩写Dec星期一 Monday星期二 Tuesday星

2、期三 Wednesday星期四 Thursday星期五 Friday星期六 Saturday星期天 Sunday个体名词：table,student集体名词:family,class群体名词:police,people液体:water,juice原材料:flour,cheese 数不清:hair,rice 抽象名词*注意：1）普通名词单数前一般要加a或者an或者the例如：a book the key2)专有名词的第一个字母一般大写，前面加the,且the首字母不大写例如：the USA the UN3）人名前若有尊称或者头衔，第一字母大写例如：Chairman Hu 肉类:pork 定义：表

3、示动作，状态，品质，感情等抽象概念。工作进步好消息，健康信息好建议，音乐有趣好天气，有钱买不到好运气。workprogressnewshealthinformationadvicemusicfunweathermoneyluck二，可数名词二，可数名词，一般情况下，直接+s。deskdesks penpensroomrooms bagbags，以s,x,sh,ch结尾的+es。boxboxes watchwatches busbuses brushbrushes，以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es,storystories familyfamilies 以元音字母+y结尾，直接+s。boybo

4、ys daydays，以o结尾的有生命的+es。骑着水牛黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿芒果在火山上。Negroheropotatotomatomangovolcano，以f,fe 结尾，变f,fe为v+es。小偷之妻生活忙，天天扫叶来做饭。忽见一狼站架前，举刀将其劈两半。thiefthieveswifewiveslifelives leafleaveswolfwolvesshelfshelvesknifekniveshalfhalvesbuffalo，内部变化。oo ee.footfeet toothteethgoosegeese a e manmen womanwomen，外部变化。小孩骑牛追老鼠c

5、hildchildren oxoxen mousemice ，单复同形 羊鱼鹿。sheepfishdeer species 物种，国人变化。中日瑞不变，英法两国变，其余s加后面。Chinese,Japanese,SwissEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenGermanGermansAmericanAmericans，复合名词变复数。1，前后都变化（与man,woman合成词）man teachermen teachers 2,前不变后变。apple treeapple trees，be动词am/isare waswere人称变化Iweyouyouhe/

6、she/itthey指示代词thisthesethatthose物主代词myouryouryourhis/her/itstheir，清辅音/s/。/p/,/k/,/f/,/cups,books,roofs，浊辅音或元音/z/。eggs,bags,rulersbees,zoos，三清三浊读/iz/三清：/s/,/,/t/buses,dishes,watches三浊：/z/,/,/d/noses,oranges元音部分：1）、单元音：i:、i、:、u:、u、:、:、e、2）、双元音：ei、ai、i、i、u、au、u辅音部分：p、b、t、d、k、g、f、v、s、z、t、dtr、dr、ts、dz、m、

7、n、h、l、r、j、wfamily家庭（集体）家人（个体）class班级（集体）同学们（个体）team队（集体）队员（个体）group小组（集体）组员（个体）club俱乐部（集体）会员（个体）eg.Her family is big,and the family like watching TV.家庭家人eg.The police are searching for the thief.The cattle are grazing near the river.leaf_puppy_ box_knife_ fly_fox_ bus_ bench_ brush_ kiss_ church_ di

8、sh_ ruler_ peach_ glass_ pencil_ boy_zoo_ man_ roof_ sheep_knife_lady_key_ story_watch_bamboo_ city_ family_day_apple_eraser_ speech_ thief_ mouse_ fish_ goose_ox_ Chinese _ deer_foot_child_tooth_ guy_hero_spy_boss_ monkey_ city _ goat _ radio _horse _dog _leavespuppiesboxesknivesfliesfoxesbusesbenc

9、hesbrusheskisseschurchesdishesrulerspeachesglassespencilboyszoosmansroofssheepknivesladieskeysstorieswatchesbambooscitiesfamiliesdaysappleserasersspeechesthievesmicefishgeeseoxenChinesedeerfeetchildrenteethguysheroesspiesbossesmonkeyscitiesgoatsradioshorsesdogs代词/be动词单数变复数 this _ that _ I _ you _ sh

10、e _ he _ it _ am _ is _句子单数变复数1：This is a book._2:That is an eraser._3:It is a red apple._4:I am a boy._5:He/She is a teacher._6:Whats this?_thesethoseweyoutheytheytheyareareThese are books.Those are erasers.They are red apples.We are boys.They are teachers.What are these?名词复数变单数练习1：Those are my fri

11、ends._2:They are English boys._3:They are some erasers._4:These are dictionaries._5:we are students._6:what color are your books?_That is my friend.He is an English boy.It is an eraser.This is a dictionary.I am a student.What color is your book?七、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空.1.There are so many_(wolf)in the for

12、est.2.There are three _ (chair)in the classroom.3.These _ (tomato)are red.4._ (hero)are great.5My brother looks after two _ (baby)6There are some _ (deer)eating the grass.7My father likes to eat _ (potato).8Chinese _ (people)like to eat noodles.9I have a lot of _ (toy)in my bedroom.10I help my mothe

13、r wash _ (dish)in the kitchen.wolveschairstomatoesHeroesbabiesdeerpotatoespeopletoysdishes三三,不可数名词不可数名词，不能用a,an或数字修饰。，不能直接变复数。，be动词用is.在不可数名词前加数量词组变复数时，只变数量词。，“一”的表达a piece/pair(双)/bar(条)/loaf(条)/cup/bottle/basin(盆)/glass/tin/bowl ofeg.a pound of suger 一磅糖，“一”以上的表达two pieces/pairs/bars/cups/basins/b

14、ottles ofeg.two pieces of paper 两张纸，“一”以下的表达half a pound of.半磅a quarter of a pound of.四分之一three fourths of a pound of.四分之三总结：不可数名词，本身无复数，若想表达复数，借助数量词组。变复数时只变数量词。a pair of trousers/shoes/pants/glassestwo pairs of trousers/shoes/pants.，修饰可数名词：several 有几个，a great/good many 很多 a(large/great)number of 大量

15、的修饰可数名词单数的词有：a,an,one.修饰可数名词复数的词有：many,few,a few，修饰不可数名词：a(good)deal of 很多，a bit of 一点 much 很多，little 很少，几乎没有，a little 有一些，既可修饰不可数名词，又可修饰可数名词：some/any 一些，a lot of/lots of 大量的，plenty of/enough most 足够的eg.I have _ books.（many,much）I have _ books in our room.（a little,a few）I have _ money.（little,few）T

16、here isnt _ milk in the box.（much,many）manya fewlittlemuch区别：a few,few,与 a little,little 的区别口诀：有“a”则“有”，表肯定；无“a”则“无”，表否定eg.Hurry up!We have little time left.(没时间了)Can you borrow me some money?Sorry!I have only a little.(有一点)不可数名词可数名词glass 玻璃two glasses 两个玻璃杯time 时间three times 三次orange 橘汁two oranges

17、两个橘子radio 无线电an old radio 一个老式的收音机light 光six lights 6盏灯room 空间a large room 一个大房间man 人类a man 一个男人fish 鱼肉a small fish 一条鱼chicken 鸡肉a little chicken 小鸡work 工作a work 一个作品paper 纸English paper 英语卷wood 木材woods 森林sand 沙子sands 沙滩water 水waters 水库一词多用1.a cup of tea _ 2.a slice of ham _ 3.a piece of paper _ 4.a

18、 bottle of juice _ 5.a bar of soap _将下列不可数名词变复数slices of hamcups of teapieces of paperbottles of juicebars of soap用所给名词的适当形式填空：1.How many_ (sheep)are there on the hill?2.There is some_ (food)in the basket.3.The baby has only two_ (tooth)now.4.There is a lot of_ (water)in the bottle.5.There are five_

19、 (people)in his family.6.Lets take_ (photo),OK?7.I have lots of_ (tomato)here.sheepfoodteethwaterpeoplephotostomatoes1.Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time?A.20 years B.20 years C.20-years D.20-years2.This is a _ bike._ is over there.A.visitors;My B.visitors;Mine C.visitor;My3.Wang Tao i

20、s ill,so he has to go to the _.A.doctor B.doctors C.doctors D.doctor4.This is _,and I borrowed it two days ago.A.a picture of Mr.Cox B.a picture of Mr.Coxs C.a Mr.Cox picture D.Mr.Coxs pictures按要求完成句子1.There is a computer in my house.(一般疑问句)_ _ a computer in _ house?2.There are some flowers on the t

21、eachers desk.(一般疑问句)_ _ _ flowers on the teachers desk?3.There arent any apples on the tree.(变回肯定句）There _ _ apples on the tree.4.There is a pear in the box.(变否定句)There _ a pear in the box.5.There are fifty students in my class.(对划线部分提问)_ _ students are there in your class?Is thereyourAre there any

22、is someisnt How many四，名词所有格四，名词所有格定义：名词中表示所有格的形式，翻译为“的”，形式：n+s一，s 所有格（有生命）1，单数名词+s e.g.Summers,my mothers2，复数名词以s结尾的+e.g.Students,boys,girls,Teachers Day3,复数名词不以s结尾的+s e.g.Childrens Day,Womens Day4,人名以s结尾或本身以s结尾加s或 均可 e.g.Hans/Hanss5，两个人的所有格 各自物品各用“s”,后面名词用复数 eg.Summers and Toms umbrellas 共用物品共用s,后面

23、名词用单数 eg.Summer and Toms umbrella6,表地点 at the butchers 在肉店at the hairdressers 在理发店 at the bakers 在面包店at the doctors 在医院 at the grocers 在杂货铺 总结：若想用职业表地点前加the,后+s 7,表时间 eg.a two months holiday=a two-month holiday 2个月的假期 口诀：数-单名做定语 8，表路程 eg.a fifteen minutes walk=a fifteen-minute walk 15分钟路程 常考词组：a fiv

24、e minutes walk=a five-minute walk 步行5分钟的路程 a ten minutes drive=a ten-minute drive 10分钟车程 a ten hours ride=a two-hour ride 两个小时的路程二，of 所有格（无生命）eg.the gate of the schoolthe capital of Enland the window of the roomthe weather of our countrythe.of+the+n .的.（PS:国名前不加the）总结结构：仆+of+主 .的.eg.the key to the d

25、oorthe way to the school the answer to the questionthe entrance to the park the bridge to the knowledgethe.to.the+n钥匙，答案，桥和路，出口，入口要用to三，双重所有格（表整体中的部分）eg.a friend of Summersa car of Mikes a friend of my fathers.of+n+seg.a friend of minea friend of yours.of+名词性物主代词5.These are _ books.Li Ming bought so

26、me at this bookstore and Brain bought some at that bookstore.A.Li Mings and Brain B.Li Ming and Brains C.Li Mings and Brain D.Li Mings and Brains6.He is _.A.one student of my mother B.one of my mothers studentB.C.my mothers students D.one student of my mothers7.Its about _ from my home to our school

27、.A.thirty minutes walk B.walk of thirty minutesC.walk of thirty minutes D.thirty minutes walk8.This year,the most popular _ hat is that kind.A.womans B.womens C.womens D.womans五，主谓一致五，主谓一致一，定义：名词常常做一个句子的主语，那它的单复数，就直接决定着谓语用什么形式，在英语中称为“主谓一致”Apples _ red.Time _ money.Those cups _ dirty.areisare总结：可数名词，

28、单数后用is,可数名词复数后用are,不可数名词用is.二，形复义单的名词谓语用单数。常用词汇：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)the United States(美国)politics(政治学)economics(经济学)eg.The United States was found in 1776.Physics is interesting.三，集体名词，强调“整体”谓用单，强调个体谓用复。eg.His family is big.His family are all well家庭家人四，名词前有量词短语时，动词的单复与量词保持一致。eg.There is a pair of shoes on the shelf.There are two glasses of milk on the table.1，er/orworker/visitor/cooker2,eeemployee3,(r)esswaitress/actress4,man/womanpostman/policewoman5,nesssadness6,tioninvention/information7,mentgoverment/entertainment(娱乐)8，istscientist/artist