2021年山东省中考英语人教版一轮复习语法讲解-名词冠词数词（ppt课件）.pptx

1、语法讲解语法讲解名词名词 冠词冠词 数词数词Learning Objectives To understand the meaning of nouns,articles and numerals To use nouns,articles and numerals in the real context To believe in yourselves and keep fighting 冠词数词名词目 录CONTENTS1.-Lucy，how about going to the _?-Sounds great！Reading books can give us much pleasure

2、.A.library B.cinema C.museum D.concert 2.Could you please put some _in my cup?Id like sweet coffee.A.sugar B.salt C.ice D.pepper3.Fruit is good for health,so I often have breakfast with one_.A.candy B.cake C.bananaD.hamburger4.Nancy took her temperature and found she had a _.A.cough B.toothache C.co

3、ld D.fever5.Yesterday Lucy told us such good_ that we are all amazed at it.A.news B.ideas C.suggestion D.answer名词讲解专项练习考情导航考点分析中考回顾词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析、单复数词义辨析、单复数1.Keeping English _(日记)is a good way to improve English.2.Teenagers should have more_（机会)to make their own decisions.3.Pe

4、ople in some countries eat many_(土豆)as their main food.4.In the USA,people eat with_(刀)and forks.5.In the famous competition,_(获胜者)always get very good prize.6.Some people say that Fletcher Davis invented hamburgers.“Some years later,they say that a group of Germans calledhis sandwich a“hamburger”.Q

5、:his refers to_ 名词讲解专项练习考情导航考点分析中考回顾diarieschancespotatoeskniveswinners名词单复数名词单复数 Fletcher Daviss名词所有格名词所有格 名词 考点名词的所有格名词的所有格名词的数名词的数名词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾词义辨析词义辨析考点一考点一：准确准确识记名词词义识记名词词义，根据语境根据语境，选出，选出正确的单词正确的单词名词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾考点二：考点二：名词的数名词的数 名词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词可数名词可以数的名词，有

6、复数形式可以数的名词，有复数形式不可数名词不可数名词数不清（没有复数）数不清（没有复数）类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词一般情况一般情况加加-s-smap maps 地图地图 bag-bags 书包书包/袋子袋子car cars 小汽车小汽车 以以 s,x,ch,sh等结等结尾的词尾的词加加-es-esclass-classes 课课 box boxes 盒子盒子watch-watches 手表手表 brush-brushes 刷子刷子以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结结尾尾变变y y为为i i，再加，再加-es-esbaby babies 婴儿婴儿/宝贝宝贝 story stories 故事故事以以

7、-f或或-fe 结尾的结尾的词词（多数）（多数）变变f f或或fefe为为v v再再加加eseswife-wives 妻子妻子 leaf leaves 树叶树叶shelf-shelves 架子架子 knife-knives 小刀小刀wolf-wolves 狼狼 thief thieves小偷小偷half-halves 半半 life lives 生命生命以以 o结尾结尾有生命有生命的词的词加加eses heroes 英雄英雄 tomatoes 西红柿西红柿potatoes 土豆土豆单复数同体单复数同体不变不变sheep-sheep 绵羊绵羊 fish-fish 鱼鱼Chinese-Chines

8、e 中国人中国人名词复数的变化规则：规则变化名词复数的变化规则：规则变化妻（wife）见小偷（thief）架（shelf）下藏,手拿小刀（kinfe）想杀狼（wolf）谁知落下半（half）片叶（leaf）,砸在头上一命亡（life）英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。类别类别例词例词变内部元音字母变内部元音字母footfeettoothteethmanmenmousemice词尾加词尾加-ren-renchildchildren名词复数的变化：不规则变化名词复数的变化：不规则变化考点三：名词所有格（5年1考）类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词 有生命的单数名词加 sMikes baseballKates

9、model plane 有生命的 复数名词不以-s结尾 加sChildrens Day 以-s结尾加your grandparents room表示几个人共同拥有的最后一个人后sMike and Johns desk表示每个人各自拥有的每个人后加sMikes and Johns desks名词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾ss所有格所有格一、单选1.-Its hot today.Have some _,please.-No,thanks.Im not thirsty at all.（重庆）A.water B.potatoes C.bread D.cakes2._mothers couldnt g

10、o here,because they have gone to Beijing.A.Mary and Peters B.Mary and Peters C.Mary and Peter D.Marys and Peters3.-Hey,boys.Look at the falling _.-Well,autumn is coming.A.leaf B.leaves C.leafes D.leafs名词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾 4.Please pick up the _Dont keep it on the floor.（山东）Awater BpaperCbooks Dbottles 5

11、.The customers are pleased with the _ of the restaurant.(上海)Abalance Bexperience Csurface Dservice二、翻译句子 1、如果你不能多锻炼，你就会变胖。_ 2.每年有上百万的游客来参观这座历史博物馆。_名词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾If you dont take more exercise,you will be fat.Millions of visitors come to visit the history museum every year.CONTENTS目 录冠词数词名词1.Qingda

12、o is a beautiful city that lies in _ east of China.A.an B./C.the D.a2.We should have _breakfast every day to keep healthy.A.a B.anC./D.the3.Look!There is_bottle on the table.A.a B.anC.the D./4David is _ eight-year-old boy with short black hair.A./B.a C.an D.the 5Jacks hobby is to play_chess.A.a B.an

13、 C.the D./冠词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾定冠词定冠词 零冠词零冠词 不定冠词不定冠词 不定冠词不定冠词 零冠词零冠词 冠词讲解专项练习考情导航考点分析中考回顾定冠词 the不定冠词不定冠词a/ana/an冠词考点零冠词（不用冠词）零冠词（不用冠词）名词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾 特指双方都熟悉，上文已经提及到。特指双方都熟悉，上文已经提及到。世上独一无二事，方位名词加乐器。世上独一无二事，方位名词加乐器。一类人事莫忘记，外加复数姓氏词。一类人事莫忘记，外加复数姓氏词。序数词和最高级，固定搭配记心里。序数词和最高级，固定搭配记心里。教学设计人机对话书面表达语法呈现句型回顾复习展示

14、用法用法 例词例句例词例句用于双方知道的人或事物用于双方知道的人或事物Give me the pen，please.指上文提到过的人或事物指上文提到过的人或事物There is a bed.And on the bed theres a toy.用于独一无二的事物前用于独一无二的事物前the sun；the moon；the earth用于表示方位的名词前用于表示方位的名词前Shandong lies in the east of China.用在表示乐器的名词前用在表示乐器的名词前She plays the piano well.用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物M

15、onkey King helps the weak and never gives up.用于姓氏的复数前，表示一家人或夫妻用于姓氏的复数前，表示一家人或夫妻The Greens live next to us.用于序数词或最高级前（副词的最高级前用于序数词或最高级前（副词的最高级前可省略）可省略）the first floor；the tallest tree固定搭配固定搭配by the way；at the age of 不定冠词不定冠词a a和和an,an,单数可数名词前；单数可数名词前；辅音若在词首发辅音若在词首发,词前只把词前只把a a来加；来加；元音若在词首放元音若在词首放,词前词

16、前anan词不敢忘。词不敢忘。a a 用在以辅音因素开头的单词前用在以辅音因素开头的单词前a teacher；a European country；a useful book；anan 用在以元音因素开头的单词前用在以元音因素开头的单词前an orange；an hour；an 8-year-old boy冠词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾下列情况不用冠，名词之前下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限代词限；复数名词表泛指，复数名词表泛指，球类学科球类学科和和三餐三餐；专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前；专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前；交通手段交通手段和和节日节日，习惯称谓和头衔。，习惯称谓和头衔。冠词讲解

17、专项练习考情导航中考回顾 用法用法 例词例句例词例句当名词前当名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词、或名词所有格代词、或名词所有格等修饰时等修饰时this dictionary；my son；三餐、球类、棋类、学科三餐、球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般等名称前，一般不加冠词不加冠词 play football;play chess;have lunch在与在与by连用的交通名称前连用的交通名称前by train；by bus西方节日西方节日等之前，一般不加冠词。（中国等之前，一般不加冠词。（中国传统传统节日前加定冠词）节日前加定冠词）on Thanksgiving

18、Daythe dragon boat festival一、单选1.As we know,England is_European country and Singapore is_Asian country.（湖北）A.an;an B.an;a C.a;a D.a;an2.There is _report in todays newspaper.Its about_sports meeting that will be held in Weihai.（山东）A.a;the B.an;the C.the;the D.a;a 3.-How long does it take us to go to

19、your hometown from here?-It takes us _ hour or more to go to my hometown by_ train.A.an;a B.a;an C.an;/D.a;/冠词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾4.Beijing,_ capital of China,has _ long history.（江苏）A.a;a B.the;不填 C.the;a D.不填；the5._ are planning to go on vacation.(青岛期末改编)A.Blacks B.A Blacks C.The Blacks D.The Blacks二、翻译1

20、.Lisa是一个活跃的女孩，她喜欢打排球。_2.生活充满了意外。_冠词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾Lisa is an active girl,and she likes playing volleyballLife is full of the unexpected.CONTENTS目 录名词数词冠词 1.Its my daughters birthday today.Shes_ years old.A.eighteenB.eighteenthC.the eighteenD.the eighteenth【2017 青岛中考】2.My father gave me a bike on my_b

21、irthday.A.ten B.a tenthC.the tenth D.tenth3.The wall was built by hand and it took _of years to finish.（百）数词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾hundreds基数词基数词 序数词序数词 概数词 数词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾数词 基数词基数词:表示数目多少表示数目多少 序数词：序数词：表示顺序先后 概数词概数词准确地了解含义和词形变化准确地了解含义和词形变化考点一：基数词基数词（基数词（11-19）基数词（基数词（20-90）复合词复合词11 eleven12 twelve20 twenty

22、22 twenty-two13 thirteen 30 thirty 33 thirty-three 14 fourteen 40 forty44 forty-four15 fifteen 50 fifty55 fifty-five16 sixteen60 sixty66 sixty-six17 seventeen70 seventy77seventy-seven18 eighteen80 eighty88 eighty-eight19 nineteen90 ninety99 ninety-nine数词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾考点二：序数词基数词与序数词对照表（特殊）基数词与序数词对照表（

23、特殊）数词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾onefirsttwosecondthree thirdfivefiftheighteighthnineninthtwelvetwelfthtwentytwentiethtwenty-onetwenty-first thirtythirtiethfortyfortiethfiftyfiftieth 口诀口诀 基变序，有规律。一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母基变序，有规律。一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t，d，d。从四起，词尾加上从四起，词尾加上-th。八去。八去t，九除，九除e，f来把来把ve替，整十替，整十y变变ie，后面，后面加上加上th。若是碰到几十几，只

24、变各位就可以。若是碰到几十几，只变各位就可以。考点三：概数词 百（hundred）千（thousand）百万（million）的用法确切的数字概念确切的数字概念基数词基数词+hundred/thousand/million不确切的数字概念不确切的数字概念hundreds/thousands/millions of 口诀口诀 具体数字，用单数；模糊数量，用复数，后面别忘加具体数字，用单数；模糊数量，用复数，后面别忘加“of”of”数词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾数词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾一、单选1.This tall building has _floors.And Tony lives

25、on the_floor.(南宁)A.twelve;twelve B.twelfth;twelfth C.twelfth;twelve D.twelve;twelfth2.-How old is your daughter?-_.We had a special party for her _birthday yesterday.(湘潭)A.Nine;nine B.Nine;ninth C.Ninth;nine D.Ninth;ninth数词讲解专项练习考情导航中考回顾3.After the Asian Games,_ people came to Guangzhou for a visit

26、during holidays.(长沙)A.thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousands of二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1They live on the _(五五)floor.2_(million)of people come here to read books on weekends.3.About two _(thousand)trees have been planted along the river.4.Its my mothers birthday today.She is _(四十)years old.fifthMillio

27、nsthousandforty综合运用综合运用(文章为节选文章为节选)In a far-away place,there was 1_village.The village was rich in 2_(potato)than anywhere else in the country.At 3_end of every growing season,4_(hundred)of them were dug out of the ground,and readied for market.One year,there was a young man who received his share of the potatoes.As the other 5_(村民)were workers,he walked around the village laughing and talking.apotatoesthehundredsvillagers 完成学案的内容完成学案的内容完成升学指导完成升学指导P3-P5；P20-P22；P33-P34；Homework