2021年山东省中考英语一轮复习人教版英语专项复习之阅读理解六选五（ppt课件）.pptx

1、专项复习之阅读理解D篇（六选五）.1.1.理解和把握文章主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力.2.2.了解六选五阅读理解题目类型和结构.3.3.掌握常见题目的做题技巧和策略包括解题方法和步骤等技巧点拨技巧点拨在解阅读还原(6(6选5)5)题型的过程中，要关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系(主要有并列、转折、因果关系等)及在英语阅读中常见的单词重复、代词指代，关注特殊句式，如排比句等。在完成阅读还原(6(6选5)5)时，首先要看标题读选项，预测文章大意并找出选项与文章对应的关键词；然后要读文章、找逻辑，抓过渡句和主题句。要注意解题时先弄清容易找出的逻辑关系，再解决有困难的问题；最后，在完成所有选项后，

2、要回读文章，核查答案。PPT模板下载： a result、in a word 等。(3)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来（4）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。All the cities are quite the same.Living in a modern Australian city is not very different

3、 from living in an American city.（1）In many parts of the world,farmers and their families live in villages or towns.In the United States,each farm family lives in its own fields.（2)ItIt s s hard for them to see each other hard for them to see each other on weekdays.on weekdays.Their children take sc

4、hool buses to the nearest schools.（3)In some areas,there are small schools for a few farm families,and the children walk to schools,（4)Farmers live near each other and their children can walk to schools and often go home for meals.A A.Life keeps changing for everyone.Life keeps changing for everyone

5、.B.Usually their neighbors live far awayB.Usually their neighbors live far away.C.But in Australia it is very differentC.But in Australia it is very different.D D.The life on the farm is hard The life on the farm is hard.E.These schools are only for the farm families in this area(E.These schools are

6、 only for the farm families in this area(地区).F.But there are some differences on farmsF.But there are some differences on farms.首段末尾1.1.F F本句是文章的主题句,意思是:但在农场上有一些不同。与前一句“生活在澳大利亚的现代城市与美国的城市没有很大区别。”形成转折。说明文的主题句通常位于第一段段尾。如上一页中第四点。In many parts of the world,farmers and their families live in villages or

7、towns.In the United States,each farm family lives in its own fields.（2)ItIt s s hard for them to see each other on hard for them to see each other on weekdays.weekdays.Their children take school buses to the nearest schools.（3)In some areas,there are small schools for a few farm families,and the chi

8、ldren walk to schools,（4)Farmers live near each other and their children can walk to schools and often go home for meals.A A.Life keeps changing for everyone.Life keeps changing for everyone.B.Usually their neighbors live far awayB.Usually their neighbors live far away.C.But in Australia it is very

9、differentC.But in Australia it is very different.D D.The life on the farm is hard The life on the farm is hard.E.These schools are only for the farm families in this area(E.These schools are only for the farm families in this area(地区).F.But there are some differences on farmsF.But there are some dif

10、ferences on farms.段中段中3.E3.E根据关键词定位可知,选项中的关键词是“schools schools”与前句的“school buses school buses”和后句的“small schools.small schools.walk to schoolswalk to schools”对应,能快速找到答案是E E段中2.B2.B根据下一句“对他们来说在工作日互相见面很难”可知,选B B通常他们的邻居住的比较远”。4.C4.C第二段通过举例把美国和澳大利亚的农场生活进行对比,此句是转折句,转入介绍澳大利亚农场的生活见幻灯片6 6 In many parts of t

11、he world,farmers and their families live in villages or towns.In the United States,each farm family lives in its own fields.（2)Its hard for them to see each other on Its hard for them to see each other on weekdays.weekdays.Their children take school buses to the nearest schools.（3)In some areas,ther

12、e are small schools for a few farm families,and the children walk to schools,（4)Farmers live near each other and their children can walk to schools and often go home for meals.（5)So do farmers.Today there are cars,good roads,radios,television sets and there are modern machines for farming.All of the

13、se are changing farm life.A A.Life keeps changing for everyone.Life keeps changing for everyone.B.Usually their neighbors live far awayB.Usually their neighbors live far away.C.But in Australia it is very differentC.But in Australia it is very different.D D.The life on the farm is hard The life on t

14、he farm is hard.E.These schools are only for the farm families in this area(E.These schools are only for the farm families in this area(地区).F.But there are some differences on farmsF.But there are some differences on farms.段首主题句5.A5.A考査语段中心句的提炼和语境理解。本段介绍现代农场主和农场生活在发生变化。选项意思“生活对每个人来说都在变”,下一句意思“农场主的生活

15、也在变”,这两句为本段的中心句.如幻灯片5 5中第一点六选五解题步骤 How to deal with itHow to deal with it1.1.看标题、副标题预测文章大意2.2.看选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词3.3.通读全文，查看主题句，分析结构4.4.看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性 注意代词或定冠词：it,they,them,this/that,the.it,they,them,this/that,the.注意特殊疑问词及标点符号：whywhy，wherewhere，when,whatwhen,what 注意连词：also,however,so,though,not only.

16、but also,however,so,though,not only.but also,.also,.5.5.灵活掌握答题顺序（先易后难）6.6.代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。Main ideaMain idea知大意Choices Choices 看选项Do the ex.Do the ex.代答案M MC CD DKey wordsKey words关键词ForetellingForetelling预测ConnectionConnection关系词K KF FC C1.1.看文章结构2.2.找关键词3.3.逻辑关系清晰明确的逻辑关系是英语行文的一个特点。常见的逻辑关系有：并列关系(and(

17、and，or)or)，转折关系(but(but，howeverhowever，neverthelessnevertheless，stillstill，althoughalthough，while)while)，因果关系(because(because，sincesince，because of)because of)，举例关系(for example(for example，such as)such as)等。理清逻辑关系可以有效地帮助我们理解上下文之间的关系。六个六个选项中注意的三点选项中注意的三点开头的开头的词词判断出可能是首句，还是属于段落中间的句子判断出可能是首句，还是属于段落中间的句

18、子或是尾句或是尾句关键词利用同义词和近义词关系利用同义词和近义词关系 利用词的上下义关系利用词的上下义关系 利用反义词关系利用反义词关系 利用代词关系利用代词关系与段落中重复或意思相近的与段落中重复或意思相近的词词并判断是否对上句并判断是否对上句作出解释，或引出下句作出解释，或引出下句1.1.运用代词在上下文中的指代作用运用代词在上下文中的指代作用英语中代词的指代作用非常重要。代词既可以指代上文出现的名词及形容词概念，也可以指代上文提到的某件事。通过代词的近指、远指和单数、复数等关系，可以形成上下文指代关系的连贯。【例】It seems that food deliverymen(送货员)ar

19、e always in a hurry.They wear blue，red or yellow helmets and many of them dont follow traffic rules.They use mobile phones while driving.These rude behaviors have caught the publics attention.A.They drive on the wrong side of the road and run red lights.【分析点拨】下文提到了 these rude behaviors these rude be

20、haviors，说明上文已经列举了送货员违反交通规则的行为；再观察本空前后句式可以判断空格处应是相同的句式。故选A A。实战训练实战训练2.2.运用上下文所重复的关键词推断与汉语相似，英语文章在表述某些内容时会使用相同的动词、名词或者句式，这样的重复能形成语气的连贯。因此，学生在答题时要重点关注这种重复的关键词，把握好上下文的重点。【例】Dances are good for you in many ways.For one thing，dancing is good for you physically.It makes your heart work and makes you breat

21、he fast.If you go dancing often，you can keep healthy.D.It also makes you use your arms and your legs.分析点拨】上文使用“It makes.and makes.It makes.and makes.”说明跳舞的两个好处，下文说明第三个好处，因此仍然用 makes makes 这个词。故选D D。实战训练实战训练3.3.逻辑关系【例】(2)When one of them is hurt and cannot pull itself to its feet,the other elephants

22、lift it up and help it to walk.Some people say that elephants never forget.(3)There are many about this.However,the elephants are in great danger.In recent years,the number of elephants is getting smaller and smaller.(4)They have less land to live in.A.They remember people who are kind or bad to the

23、m.B.Elephants are kind animals.F.People cut down the forest.实战训练实战训练 2 2.B.B句意:大象是友善的动物。根据后一句“当一头象受伤站不起来时,其他象扶它起来,帮它走路”可知,选B B。3.A 3.A句意:它们记得谁对它们好,谁对它们不好。本句是对前句“一些人说大象永远不会忘记”的解释。4 4.F.F句意:人们砍倒森林。本句是后一句“它们居住的地方更少了”的原因 Exercising is a good way to keep healthy.However,many people do not know how to exe

24、rcise well.Here are some tips.First,you should warm up.(1)You need to stretch your legs,arms,back and neck before you do any difficult activities like running.Second,(2)You do not need to spend a lot of money,You can run or play sports in a park or in your school gym.You dont need to buy exercise eq

25、uipment for your home.Just get your body moving.A A.Your body needs the water for energy and for keeping cool.Your body needs the water for energy and for keeping cool.B.you should find good places to exercise.B.you should find good places to exercise.C.It is important to warm up before you exercise

26、C.It is important to warm up before you exerciseD.If you exercise 30 minutes each time,you will stay healthy.D.If you exercise 30 minutes each time,you will stay healthy.E.If you hurt yourself while you are exercising,rest until you feel better.E.If you hurt yourself while you are exercising,rest un

27、til you feel better.F.you body needs to exercise to keep healthyF.you body needs to exercise to keep healthy.1.C1.C句意:在锻炼前做热身活动是重要的。根据关键词warm upwarm up与前一句关键 词 warm up warm up对应可知选C C。2.B2.B句意:你应该找好的地方锻炼。根据后句 You do not need to spend a lot of money.You can run or You do not need to spend a lot of mo

28、ney.You can run or play sports in a park or play sports in a park or i in your school gym.n your school gym.“你不必花费很多钱。你可以在公园或你学校体育馆跑步或做运动。”可知选B B。HaveHave a atrytry Third,dont work too hard.Choose a sport that you enjoy and then your exercise will be fun instead of work.Also,you only need to exercis

29、e a few times each week.(3)Fourth,drink enough water.It is important to drink water when you exercise.(4)Finally,you must be careful!(5)Exercising when you are hurt is bad for your health.A A.Your body needs the water for energy and for keeping cool.Your body needs the water for energy and for keepi

30、ng cool.B.you should find good places to exercise.B.you should find good places to exercise.C.It is important to warm up before you exerciseC.It is important to warm up before you exerciseD.If you exercise 30 minutes each time,you will stay healthy.D.If you exercise 30 minutes each time,you will sta

31、y healthy.E.If you hurt yourself while you are exercising,rest until you feel better.E.If you hurt yourself while you are exercising,rest until you feel better.F.you body needs to exercise to keep healthyF.you body needs to exercise to keep healthy.3.D3.D句意:如果每次锻炼3030分钟,你会保持健康。本句是对前一句“并且你每周只需锻炼几次”的进

32、一步说明。4.A4.A句意:你的身体需要水保存能量,保持凉爽。本句关键词waterwater与前一句关键词 water water一致,根据上下文内容可知选A A。5.E5.E句意:如果当你锻炼时伤着自己,休息一下直到你感到好些。本句是对前一句进行假设,并提出建议。后一句对本句进行反面例证。再练：与新冠病毒防疫结合的实战练习 How to keep yourself safe from new virus(How to keep yourself safe from new virus(病毒)？After a new-type coronavirus(新型冠状病毒)was detected i

33、n viral pneumonia(肺炎)cases in Central Chinas Wuhan city a month ago,more cases have been reported in recent days.(1)1.Wear masks(口罩)outdoors .Wearing mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected .Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling

34、the bottom of it over your chin.（2）._a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs(病菌)to others.A Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggsB.Wash your hands frequently and properlyC.Protect yourself and others from getting sick.D If your hands are not visibly dirtyE If youre not feeling well o

35、r have symptoms（症状）of fever.F To prevent（预防）catching the infection(感染)，here s what you can do 段首：主题句句中承接（上下句意）2.Cover your coughs and sneeze with tissue(2.Cover your coughs and sneeze with tissue(纸巾)Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze,or you can cough or sneeze into you

36、sleeve.But avoid covering with your hands directly.3._ Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughly for at least 15 seconds Before eating and after using the toilet After returning home After touching trash or garbage After contacting with animals or handling animals wastes catching any in

37、fection.A Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggs B.Wash your hands frequently and properly C.Protect yourself and others from getting sick.D If your hands are not visibly dirty E If youre not feeling well or have symptoms F To prevent catching the infection(感染)，here s what you can do小标题相同词，原词4.Strength

38、en your immune system(4.Strengthen your immune system(免疫系统)and exercise regularly)and exercise regularly Exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to help you stay away from it.Make sure that shared spaces have good air flow and avoid going to crowded places such as hospitals.railway stat

39、ions and airports.（4）.Seek prompt medical attention if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection Avoid close contact with people who have flu or cold-like symptoms (5)Avoid contact with wild animals or farmed livestock(养殖牲畜)without any protection.A Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggsB.Was

40、h your hands frequently and properlyC.Wear a mask if transport(交通工具）or movement is necessaryD If your hands are not visibly dirtyE If youre not feeling well or have symptomsF To prevent catching the infection(感染)，here s what you can do承接上文上下文意思，同类相近的词ConclusionConclusion(总结）总结）读选项+翻译 研究文章结构 详读段落找关键词

41、 回读原文summarysummary英语阅读匹配”六选五“解题方法1.1.看文章结构段首：主题句 段尾：结论、总结 段中：承上启下2.2.找关键词原词复现近义词反义词3.3.看逻辑关系转折关系并列关系因果关系 Good morning,everyone!Welcome to our school.Now you are students of a middle school.All the things here are new .(1)I think you must know what you can do and what you cant do.It can help you stu

42、dy well and live happy.(2)You have to come to school from Monday to Friday.You will learn some important subjects,such as Chinese,math,English and science.(3)You have four classes in the morning.You have lunch in the school dining hall.You cant eat in the classroom.Classes are over at 3:30 in the af

43、ternoon.(4)You cant play balls or run in the classroom and hallways.You mustnt break these rules.(5)Thank you.A.Classes begin at 8:00.B.The life here is a little different.C.I really hope you will have a happy life here.D.When you get home,you must do your homework first.E.Here are some rules of our

44、 school.F.Then you can join your favorite clubs to have fun.1._2._3._4._5._ 课后练习1 1 Many people like animals and keep one or more as pets-dogs,cats or some kinds of birds.If you keep a dog or a cat as a pet,you must know how to look after them.A grown-up dog needs two meals a day-not more.（1）Dogs li

45、ke large bones,but dont give them chicken bones.Remember to give them much clean water.A dog should have a clean,dry box for sleeping.Washing it once a week is good for its health.（2）A healthy dog will bring you more pleasure.Be careful if you have a cat.（3)Cats drink a little milk every day.Sometim

46、es you should give them vegetables to eat.（4）Take good care of your pets.（5)Maybe they can give you some help when you need.A.Dont forget that they need clean water to drinkA.Dont forget that they need clean water to drinkB.Dogs can help people watch the house.B.Dogs can help people watch the house.

47、C.If it is ill,take it to a doctorC.If it is ill,take it to a doctorD.They will be your good D.They will be your good frindsfrindsE.And it can eat meat,fish,rice and some other thingsE.And it can eat meat,fish,rice and some other thingsF.It has two meals a day with some fishF.It has two meals a day

48、with some fish1 1._ 2 2._ 3.3._4_4._5_5._ 课后练习2 2 A lift is very useful.It looks like a small room.A lift is very useful.It looks like a small room.(1 1)Sometimes a worker stands Sometimes a worker stands in the lift.He or she operates(in the lift.He or she operates(操作)it up and down.In modern lifts

49、 theres)it up and down.In modern lifts theres no worker.People walk in.no worker.People walk in.(2 2)They push a button(They push a button(按钮)and the lift goes to that)and the lift goes to that floor.Its very fast and easy.floor.Its very fast and easy.(3 3)Why?Think about a tall building.Maybe it ha

50、s twenty floors.Maybe it has Why?Think about a tall building.Maybe it has twenty floors.Maybe it has fifty or more.Who can walk up all the stairs(fifty or more.Who can walk up all the stairs(楼梯)?Maybe people can climb)?Maybe people can climb them once.them once.(4 4)Can small children walk up to the