2021年江苏连云港中考英语语法专题复习（ppt课件）：专题(09)　构词法.pptx

1、专题(九)构词法考点一派生法英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀,从而构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。加在词根前的词缀叫前缀,加在词根后的词缀叫后缀。1.前缀(1)表否定意义的前缀前缀 含义例词un-不happyunhappy(不高兴的)friendlyunfriendly(不友好的)usualunusual(不寻常的)ableunable(不能的)popularunpopular(不流行的)前缀 含义例词in-不activeinactive(不积极的)correctincorrect(不正确的)expensiveinexpensive(不贵的)im-不 politeimpolite(不礼貌的)p

2、atientimpatient(没有耐心的)possibleimpossible(不可能的)（续表）前缀 含义例词dis-不likedislike(不喜欢)appeardisappear(消失)agreedisagree(不同意)non-不;非smokernon-smoker(非吸烟者)humannon-human(非人类的)nativenon-native(非母语的;非本地的)（续表）(2)其他前缀含义例词mis-错误;失误understandmisunderstand(误解)leadmislead(误导)behaviormisbehavior(行为不端)re-又;再;重新viewrevie

3、w(复习)writerewrite(重写)inter-相互;交互在一起netInternet(互联网)nationalinternational(国际的)connectinterconnect(相互关联)（续表）前缀含义例词tele-远phonetelephone(电话)visiontelevision(电视)en-使可能richenrich(使丰富)ableenable(使能够)a-使处于情况livealive(活着的)wakeawake(醒着的)sleepasleep(睡着的)2.后缀形式后缀例词形容词副词+-lywidewidelyquietquietlysadsadlyslowslow

4、ly以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-lyhappyhappilyangryangrily以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去掉e,再加-ysimplesimplyterribleterribly少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e,再加-lytruetruly（续表）形式后缀例词名词形容词+-yrainrainyhealthhealthy wealthwealthylucklucky+-lyweekweeklylovelovelyfriendfriendly+-ousdangerdangerous+-fulcarecarefuluseuseful helphelpful+-lessu

5、seuselesshelphelplesscarecareless+-ernwestwestern southsouthern+-engoldgoldenwoodwooden+-alnationnational（续表）形式后缀例词名词形容词其他ChinaChineseFranceFrenchAmericaAmericanCanadaCanadianAsiaAsiancentrecentral（续表）形式后缀例词动词形容词+-eddisappointdisappointed interestinterested+-ingfollowfollowing interestinteresting+-t

6、iveactactivecreatecreative+-ableenjoyenjoyable comfortcomfortablesuitsuitable（续表）形式后缀例词形容词名词+-nessillillnesssadsadnesskindkindness+-ydifficultdifficulty+-ityableability possiblepossibility+-ce(以t结尾的形容词去t,再加-ce)importantimportancesilentsilencedifferentdifference（续表）形式后缀例词动词名词+-erteachteacherwinwinner

7、 workworker+-oractactorvisitvisitordirectdirector+-ioninviteinvitation decidedecision+-mentdevelopdevelopmentmovemovement+-ingfishfishingreadreadinghearhearing名词名词+-istartartistpianopianisttourtouristsciencescientist（续表）其他serve(v.)service(n.)courage(n.)encourage(v.)hot(adj.)heat(n.)safe(adj.)safety(

8、n.)high(adj.)height(n.)highly(adv.)考点二合成法英语中由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。常见的合成法如下:(1)合成名词classroom(名词+名词)blackboard(形容词+名词)(2)合成形容词worldwide(名词+形容词)good-looking(形容词+现在分词)(3)合成动词overcome(副词+动词)(4)合成数词fifty-four(数词+数词)(5)合成代词everybody,somebody,anything(代词+名词)(6)合成副词downstairs(副词+名词)anyway(形容词+名词)(7)合成介

9、词inside(介词+名词)within(介词+介词)into(介词+介词)考点三转化法英语中把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式如下:(1)名词动词show(n.展览;展示)show(v.表演;展出)water(n.水)water(v.浇水)speed(n.速度)speed(v.加速)(2)形容词动词slow(adj.慢的)slow(v.放慢)(3)动词名词walk(v.散步;走)walk(n.散步)look(v.看)look(n.看)talk(v.谈话)talk(n.谈话)rest(v.休息)rest(n.休息

10、)break(v.打破)break(n.休息)(4)形容词名词right(adj.正确的)right(n.正确)wrong(adj.错误的)wrong(n.错误)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Why is Alan so popular in your class?Because he is very (friend)to everyone.2.People feel (happy)when they face too much stress.3.When we meet with problems,we shouldnt give them up (easy).4.Are your p

11、arents in (agree)that you can deal with it by yourself?friendlyunhappyeasilyagreement5.This dress is (expensive).It will not cost you much.6.If you do (care)in the test,you wont get high marks.7.We shall never make such an important (decide)without much thought.8.Not all (wealth)people have to wear

12、expensive clothes and not all clever people have to wear glasses.9.Blue is a (peace)colour.People often feel quiet in blue rooms.10.As a guide,I must pay attention to all the (tour)safety during their trip.inexpensivecarelesslydecisionwealthypeacefultourists11.Easton LaChappelle,a 19-year-old (inven

13、t),built an arm by developing most of the parts through a 3-D printer.12.I didnt sleep well and stayed (wake)until the early morning.13.Have you ever heard of the famous saying“(silent)is golden.”?14.What is the (high)of that mountain?About 3,300 metres tall.15.When Peter heard the (surprise)news,he couldnt help crying.inventorawakeSilenceheightsurprising