2021年江苏连云港中考英语语法专题复习（ppt课件）：专题(10)　动词的时态和语态.pptx

1、专题(十)动词的时态和语态考点一动词的各种形式1.动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词1 动词的时态类别构成例词动词原形 没有经过任何变形be,have,do,learn第三人称单数形式一般在动词原形后加-s runruns,likelikes（续表）类别构成例词第三人称单数形式以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后加-esteachteaches,washwashes,gogoes,passpasses,fixfixes以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-esstudystudies,carrycarries（续表）类别构成例词现在分词在动词后加-ingreadreading,coo

2、kcooking以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ingliveliving,writewriting以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母再加-ingsitsitting,shopshopping,beginbeginning以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing diedying,lielying,tietying 2.动词的过去式及过去分词的构成变化情况规则例词规则变化在动词原形后加-edworkworkedworked,staystayedstayed以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-edcarrycarriedcarried,studystu

3、diedstudied以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-dlivelivedlived,closeclosedclosed以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母再加-edstopstoppedstopped,planplannedplanned（续表）变化情况规则例词不规则变化AAA型(即原形、过去式与过去分词三式同型)cutcutcut,putputput,letletletABB型(即过去式与过去分词同型)thinkthoughtthought,teachtaughttaughtABC型(即原形、过去式与过去分词不同型)dodiddone,gowentgoneABA

4、型(即原形与过去分词同型)comecamecome,runranrun考点二常见6种时态的构成及用法时态用法构成常见标志词语例句一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作(2)表示现在的状态、特征或真理(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时(1)主语+动词原形(2)主语(第三人称单数)+动词(第三人称单数)often,usually,sometimes,every day(week/month/year),once a week等He goes to school every day.他每天都去上学。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太

5、阳转。时态用法构成常见标志词语例句一般现在时(4)表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,但仅限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive等词。(3)主语+am/is/are+其他often,usually,sometimes,every day(week/month/year),once a week等If she is free,she will come to see me tomorrow.如果她明天有空就会来看我。（续表）时态用法构成常见标志词语例句一般过去时(1)表示过去某时发生的事(2)表示过去存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作(1)主语+动词

6、过去式(2)主语+was/were+其他yesterday,last year(week/night/month),three years ago,in 2015,just now等 He worked in a factory in 2015.他2015年在一家工厂工作。（续表）时态用法构成常见标志词语例句一般将来时(1)表示将来的动作或状态(2)表示即将发生的或最近打算做的事(3)表示按计划即将发生的动作(1)主语+will/shall+动词原形(2)主语+be going to+动词原形tomorrow,next week(year/month),in+时间段,in 2025等We wi

7、ll have a party tomorrow.明天我们将有个聚会。Im leaving for Beijing.（续表）时态用法构成常见标志词语例句一般将来时(4)there be句型的一般将来时结构为There will be或There is/are going to be(3)go,come,start,move,leave等可用进行时态表将来tomorrow,next week(year/month),in+时间段,in 2025等我将要动身去北京。There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天将有一个会议。（续表）时态用法构成常见标志词语例句现在进行时(1

8、)表示说话时刻或现阶段正在进行的动作(2)go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等可用现在进行时表将来主语+am/is/are+现在分词now,look,listen,these days,at the moment等Look!They are playing football.看!他们正在踢足球。Im doing my homework now.现在我正在做我的家庭作业。（续表）时态用法构成常见标志词语例句过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作主语+was/were+现在分词at that moment,at this time yesterday,ato

9、clock yesterday evening等I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。He was reading a novel when I came in.当我进来的时候,他正在看小说。（续表）时态用法构成常见标志词语例句现在完成时(1)表示动作在说话之前已完成,对现在有影响(2)表示动作开始于过去,持续到现在并可能继续进行下去,常和for,since连用,表示持续的动作或状态多用延续性动词。主语+have/has+过去分词just,ever,yet,already,so far,in the past 5 ye

10、ars,for和since引导的时间状语He has been to Beijing.他去过北京。He has studied English for 5 years.他学习英语已经五年了。I have already finished my home-work.我已经完成了我的作业。They have been married for 30 years.他们已经结婚三十年了。（续表）【拓展】过去将来时,过去完成时了解时态用法构成常见标志例句过去将来时表示从过去的某一时刻来看将要发生的动作。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中(1)would+动词原形(2)was/were+going to+动

11、词原形判断过去将来时一定要有一个用于表示“过去”的参照物。这个参照物往往不是时间,而是一个发生在过去的动作。His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说第二年会有个好收成。时态用法构成常见标志例句过去完成时表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”had+过去分词by,before短语或when,before,after,until等引导的从句作为时间状语My teacher said she had never been to London.我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。Wh

12、en the police arrived,the thieves had run away.当警察到达时,小偷已经逃跑了。（续表）注意 短暂性动词与时间段连用或用于how long提问的问句中时,要转换成对应的延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词及其转换如下:arrivebe here begin/startbe on diebe dead leavebe awaygo outbe out finish/endbe overget upbe up put onwear/be onopenbe openjoinbe in/be a member ofclosebe closed borrowkeep

13、buy/gethave catch(a cold)have(a cold)marrybe married fall ill/sick/asleepbe ill/sick/asleep2 动词的语态考点一被动语态的构成被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样,被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例):时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done一般将来时will/be(am/is/are)going to+dowill/be(am/is/are)going to+be+done时态主动语态被

14、动语态现在完成时(了解)have/has donehave/has been+done含情态动词(了解)情态动词+do情态动词+be+done（续表）主动语态变被动语态的方法注意(1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。My father bought me a computer.A computer was bought for me by my father.我父亲给我买了一台电脑。(2)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear,see,watch,notice,make,have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省

15、略to,但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。考点二被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种水稻。2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界

16、上越来越多的人讲汉语。3.动作的发出者是某个事物。Many houses were washed away in the flood.在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。4.固定句型中常用的被动语态。如:Its said that(据说),Its reported that(据报道),Its well-known that(众所周知)等。考点三主动语态表被动意义1.look,smell,feel,taste,sound等系动词用主动语态表被动意义。The cloth feels soft.这布摸起来很软。The cake tastes delicious.这蛋糕尝起来很美味。2.need/require

17、/want+doing sth.意为“需要”。The door needs repairing.这门需要修理。The window wants cleaning.这窗户需要清洁。3.某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。These books sell well.这些书卖得很好。The shop opens every day.这家店每天都营业。4.不及物动词和动词短语,如:happen,take place,come out,come true,run out 等。A traffic accident happen

18、ed last night.昨晚发生了一起交通事故。If you work hard,your dream will come true.如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。考点自测.单项选择1.2020连云港In Miss Lins class,many chances to students to learn from each other.A.offerB.offeredC.are offeringD.are offered2.2018连云港Look!Somebody the lights.Well,it wasnt me.I didnt do it.A.turns offB.is tur

19、ning offC.was turning offD.has turned offDD考点自测3.2017连云港Why didnt you come to Jennys birthday party yesterday?Because I.A.didnt inviteB.isnt invitedC.wasnt invitedD.havent invited4.2016连云港Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?Yes,they a plan and did it.A.were working outB.worked outC.are working

20、 outD.have worked outCB考点自测5.2015连云港In the past few years,great changes in Lianyungang.A.take placeB.took placeC.have taken place D.have been taken placeC考点自测6.Has your son finished his work yet?I guess not.He on it at lunchtime.Let me call him to confirm it.A.has workedB.had workedC.was workingD.is

21、 workingC考点自测7.The passenger refused to move after taking another ones seat!What a shame!He according to the new credit system(诚信体系).A.punishB.punishedC.will punishD.will be punishedD考点自测8.Excuse me,could you please tell me the way to Wanda Plaza?Walk straight on,and you it on your left.A.seeB.sawC.

22、will seeD.have seenC考点自测9.See?The strange man around our house again.Should we call the police?Oh,no.He is our new neighbor,who moved upstairs the day before yesterday.A.walksB.walkedC.has walkedD.is walkingD考点自测10.Its said that drinking coffee cancer.Do I have to give it up?Relax!Not everything on

23、WeChat is true.A.causesB.has caused C.causedD.had causedA考点自测.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.How is your program getting along?Jack Ma (agree)to help us,but he has changed his mind.2.Lost in Russia directed by Xu Zheng was shown during the Spring Festival.In the past few years,he(direct)many comedies.3.Its repor

24、ted that some wild animals(face)the danger of dying out now.agreedhas directedare facing考点自测4.Turn off the radio,dear.Tom is sleeping.There is no need.He(wake)up.5.If Bob(stay)away from junk food,he will be in good health.6.Have you watched the movie The Lion King(狮子王),Kelly?Not yet.I(watch)it with

25、my cousin tonight.7.How did the accident happen?The girl(read)WeChat while walking across the street.has wokenstayswill watchwas reading考点自测8.Students do less homework now.Usually it (finish)before 9 oclock in the evening.9.He was made(leave)his hometown.10.In order to live in a better place,the natural environment must(protect)by all the people.is finishedto leavebe protected