2021年江苏连云港中考英语语法专题复习（ppt课件）：专题(07)　形容词和副词.pptx

1、专题(七)形容词和副词考点一形容词和副词的基本用法形容词用于修饰名词和代词,表示人或事物的性质和特征;副词既可修饰动词,又可修饰形容词和其他副词,甚至整个句子。1.形容词的基本用法功能位置例句作定语一般放在名词前;常用作定语的形容词:little,only(唯一的),wooden,elder等There are four wooden chairs under the table.桌子下有四把木质的椅子。（续表）功能位置例句作后置定语形容词修饰不定代词时,通常后置I have something interesting to tell you.我有有趣的事情要告诉你。作表语一般放在be动词后,

2、常用作表语的形容词:alone,awake,alive,well(健康的),ill等I was awake last night and Im sleepy now.我昨晚失眠了。现在我很困。作宾语补足语常置于keep,make,leave等动词之后,说明宾语的性质、状态和特征Please keep the room clean and tidy.请保持房间干净整洁。【拓展】形容词的其他用法(1)“the+形容词”表示一类人或物,如:the old 老年人。(2)数词+表示长、宽、高、深以及年龄的名词+形容词,如:five thousand metres long 5千米长。(3)形容词常用句

3、式:“Its+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.”表示“某人做某事是的”。在这一句型中,常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如:good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful等。“Its+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth.”表示“做某事对某人来说是的”。在这一句型中,常用描述事物性质的形容词,如:easy,difficult,important,safe,dangerous等。2.副词的基本用法功能位置例句作状语多数副词放在动词之后;动词若带宾语,则放在宾语之后;频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词和be动词之

4、后My brother studies very hard.我哥哥学习很努力。She speaks English well.她英语说得很好。I usually get up early on school days.在上学日我通常起得很早。（续表）功能位置例句作表语主要限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词,如in,out,on,back,down,up等When will you be back?你什么时候回来?作定语 一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后Life here is full of joy.这里的生活充满了欢乐。【拓展】(1)程度副词一般放在所修饰的词前,但enough作副词

5、时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。He didnt work hard enough last term but now he works very hard.上学期他学习不够努力,但现在他学习非常努力。(2)副词的构成构成例词形容词后直接加-lycarefulcarefully,beautifulbeautifully以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-lyluckyluckily,happyhappily以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e,再加-yterribleterribly,possiblepossibly,simplesimply少数以e结尾的形容词,去e,再加-lytr

6、uetruly,dueduly与形容词同形的副词:enough,well,fast,late,early,deep,high,slow,hard,long,low,much,little,only,back,just,free,most,close注意 有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词,如:lonely,lovely,friendly,weekly,lively。考点二形容词和副词的比较等级形容词、副词比较级和最高级的变化规则(1)规则变化情况变化规则原级比较级最高级单音节词直接加-er,-eststrongstrongerstrongest以不发音的字母e结尾的词加-r,-stwidew

7、iderwidest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的词双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-estfatthinfatterthinnerfattest thinnest（续表）情况变化规则原级比较级最高级以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词变y为i,再加-er,-estheavyhappyheavierhappierheaviesthappiest多音节词及部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostdifficultslowlymore difficultmore slowlymost difficultmost slowly(2)常见的不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbest

8、bad,badly,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder,elderoldest,eldest考点三形容词和副词的比较等级的用法1.原级的用法(1)只能修饰原级的词有very,quite,too,so等。Today is too hot.今天真是太热了。(2)原级常用的句型结构:结构例句“A+be/v.+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”表示“A和B程度相同”Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom runs as fast

9、 as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。“A+be/v.+not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B”表示“A不如B”This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个房间大。He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。2.比较级的用法结构例句“A+be/v.+形容词/副词比较级+than+B”表示“A比B”Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨比我妈妈起床还早。“A+be/v.+形容

10、词/副词比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词(+介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“A最”(该句型虽用比较级的结构,但表达最高级的意思)The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。结构例句“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two”表示“A是两者中较的”Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the

11、 two.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。（续表）结构例句“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,A or B?”Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?

12、哪一个大,地球还是月球?“特殊疑问词+v.+副词比较级,A or B?”Who draws better,Jenny or Danny?谁画得比较好,詹妮还是丹尼?（续表）注意 比较级前一般可用much,a little,a lot,even,still,far,a bit 等来修饰。3.最高级的用法(1)“主语+be/v.+the+形容词/副词最高级+单数名词+in/of/among短语”表示“是中最的”。Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.汤姆是他班上/所有学生当中最高的。I jump(the)farthest in my

13、 class.我是班里跳得最远的。(2)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级,A,B,or C?”用于三者及三者以上的比较。Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国、巴西还是加拿大?(4)表示“第几”用“the+序数词+最高级+名词”。Li Ming is the second tallest s

14、tudent in the class.李铭是班里第二高的学生。注意(1)形容词最高级前要加the,副词最高级前的the可以省略。(2)如果形容词最高级前没有the,就没有比较的意思,只是加强语气,有“很,非常”之意。This is a most beautiful park.这是一个很美的公园。考点四数量的比较morethan和fewer/lessthan用来比较人或事物的数量。用the most表示最多的数量;用the fewest/the least表示最少的数量。(1)morethan意为“比多”。其中,more是形容词many和much的比较级,其后可以跟不可数名词或可数名词复数。(

15、2)fewer/lessthan意为“比少”。其中,fewer是形容词few的比较级,其后跟可数名词复数;less是形容词little的比较级,其后跟不可数名词。(3)most是形容词many和much的最高级,意为“最多的”。当三者或三者以上的人或事物作比较时,数量最多的用the most,后面可以跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。(4)fewest和least分别是形容词few和little的最高级,意为“最少的”。当三者或三者以上的人或事物作比较时,数量最少的用the fewest或the least。the fewest后跟可数名词复数,the least后跟不可数名词。(5)more,mo

16、st,less和least还可以用作副词,后跟多音节形容词、副词和部分双音节形容词、副词,构成相应的比较级和最高级。1.2020连云港In order to send the donations to the hospital as soon as possible,the drivers stopped to eat or rest during the journey.A.nearlyB.hardlyC.badlyD.mostly2.2020连云港I dont like the style of this T-shirt.Please show me one.A.eitherB.neith

17、erC.anotherD.otherBC3.2020连云港Our monitor Jenny is so that she always keeps things in good order.A.practicalB.generousC.organizedD.modest4.2019连云港While watching the film yesterday,I couldnt stop laughing at some moments.A.humorousB.challengingC.dangerousD.surprisingCA5.2018连云港Harry,you should mind yo

18、ur manners.It is to push in before others.Sorry,Mum.I wont do it next time.A.politeB.rudeC.activeD.careless6.2018连云港Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge?Of course,its built over a canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.A.300-meter-deepB.300-meters-deepC.300 meter deepD.300-meter

19、s deepBA7.2017连云港How do you like the song Chengdu sung by Zhao Lei?Oh,I have never enjoyed a one before.A.worstB.bestC.worseD.better8.2017连云港Its really him to drive after drinking so much wine.A.crazy ofB.gentle ofC.brave for D.wise forDA9.Students should be that saving water and looking after a tre

20、e can make a big difference to our society.A.aloneB.awakeC.awareD.alive10.To live a green life,everyone should produce pollution and save energy.A.more;lessB.less;moreC.little;moreD.more;littleCB11.When you finish reading The Secret Garden,you will have _understanding of life.A.a betterB.the betterC

21、.a bestD.the best12.How hard you are working,Helen!We must!President Xi said that we are,we will be.A.the more hard-working;the luckierB.the hard-working;the luckyC.more hard-working;luckierD.the most hard-working;the luckiestAA13.This computer cant work.It needs to be fixed.A.mostlyB.normallyC.hardlyD.usually14.The volunteer spoke as as she could to make the visitors understand her.A.clearlyB.more clearlyC.most clearlyD.the most clearlyBA15.Jenny,shall we watch the movie My People,My Hometown(我和我的家乡)this weekend?It sounds!I cant wait to see it.A.strangeB.badC.greatD.awful C