2021年初中英语中考一轮复习语法专项 – 动词（ppt课件）.pptx

1、名词名词 代词代词 数词数词冠词冠词 介词介词连词连词形容词、副词形容词、副词动词动词三大类句子三大类句子五大句型结构五大句型结构七大句子成分七大句子成分1.简单句：陈述，疑问，感叹，祈简单句：陈述，疑问，感叹，祈使使2.并列句并列句3.复合句复合句1.n.从句从句（主，表，宾，同位）（主，表，宾，同位）2.adj.从句（定）从句（定）3.adv.（状）（状）1.主主+谓谓2.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补5.主主+系系+表表主，谓，宾，表，定，状，补主，谓，宾，表，定，状，补时态时态被动被动3.主主+谓谓+双宾双宾非谓语非谓语词法词法句法句法语法语法动词动词基本形式基本形式种

2、类种类常考动词辨析常考动词辨析原形原形v三单三单过去式过去式现分现分过分过分实义实义v及物及物v不及物不及物v系系v助助v情态情态vbe v感官感官 v状态变化状态变化bedohavewill/would/shall/shouldcancouldmustneedmay基本形式基本形式原形原形jump三单三单直接直接+srun tellsaskswatchespassesdoesstudiestries过去式过去式过分过分s,x,ch,sh结尾，结尾，+es o结尾结尾,+esgoes辅音辅音+y结尾，结尾，y变变ies 直接直接+edlooked直接直接+d 双写双写promised plan

3、ned辅音辅音+y结尾，结尾，y变变iedstudied现分现分直接直接+ingbuying去去e+inggiving双写双写+ingputtingie结尾变结尾变y+ingdie-dying动词动词基本形式基本形式种类种类常考动词辨析常考动词辨析原形原形v三单三单过去式过去式现分现分过分过分实义实义v及物及物v不及物不及物v系系v助助v情态情态vbe v感官感官 v状态变化状态变化bedohavewill/would/shall/shouldcancouldmustneedmay种类种类实义实义v 及物及物v(vt)不及物不及物v(vi)I love you.宾宾主主谓谓I listen t

4、o you.主主谓谓及物及物v不及物不及物v主主谓谓宾宾不及物不及物v可直接可直接+宾语宾语不可直接不可直接+宾语宾语若若+宾语，借助介词宾语，借助介词You jump,I jump.行为行为v 有完整意义有完整意义种类种类系系vbe感官感官 v状态变化状态变化looksoundsmell看起来看起来听起来听起来闻起来闻起来尝起来尝起来taste摸起来摸起来feel脱坑：感官形脱坑：感官形keepturngobecome grow get必必+表语表语She looks happy.主主系系表表I am a student.The leaves turn yellow.动词动词基本形式基本形式

5、种类种类常考动词辨析常考动词辨析原形原形v三单三单过去式过去式现分现分过分过分实义实义v及物及物v不及物不及物v系系v助助v情态情态vbe v感官感官 v状态变化状态变化bedohavewill/would/shall/shouldcancouldmustneedmayI dont know.I cant fly.帮助动词变否定帮助动词变否定助动词助动词表示情感态度表示情感态度情态动词情态动词I dont know.主主谓谓I cant fly.主主谓谓种类种类助助vbedohavewill/would/shall/should帮助变态帮助变态She is singing.脱坑：区分主谓，主系

6、表。脱坑：区分主谓，主系表。She is beautiful.+doing+done进行进行 被动被动否否疑疑dont 提前提前强调强调have done完成完成将来将来Rooms are booked up.主谓主谓主谓主谓主系表主系表He doesnt like me.Does he like me?I do like you.I have finished my hw.情态动词情态动词1.情态动词是干嘛的？2.情态动词有哪些？表示情感态度表示情感态度cancouldmaymightmusthave toshouldshallwillwouldneedhad better3.情态动词怎么考

7、？肯否回答肯否回答表推测表推测原则原则原则原则情态动词情态动词不单独不单独+V.原形原形无三单无三单I can it.He must to go home.She musts to be a girl.They dont will go home.否否+not情态动词回答情态动词回答cancouldcan1.现在的能力I can speak English.2.表允许、请求Can you help me?could1.过去的能力(can过去式)could回答I could speak French 2 years ago.2.表允许、请求（比can更委婉）can回答Could you help

8、 me?情态动词回答语肯定否定cancancantcould请求请求can能力能力could请求请求cant能力能力couldnt真题演练真题演练D.mustD.couldnt1.-Could you help me water the flowers?2.-Yes,I.(新疆卷)3.canB.couldC.will4.2.-Could I have a look at your book?5.-Im afraid you.（浙江卷）6.A.canB.couldC.cant7.Could you speak English 3 years ago?8.-Yes,I.（广西卷）9.canB.co

9、uldC.mightD.may情态动词情态动词mustntmust1.必须must2.偏要，非要mustnt禁止！禁止！-May I smoke here?-If you must,choose a seat in a smoking area.You mustnt cross the roadwhen the traffic light is red.情态动词情态动词musthave to1.主观意愿主观意愿I must study hard.2.形式不变形式不变1.客观需要客观需要My mother was ill,so I had to call the doctor.2.三单时态变三单

10、时态变He has/had to do his homework.He must be at home.3.mustntYou mustnt tell himabout it.3.dont have toYou dont have to tell him about it.need实义动词实义动词need情态动词情态动词肯定肯定肯定肯定否定否定 疑问疑问need to dodont need to do否定否定疑问疑问 Do you need to do?没有没有need doneednt do Need you do?情态动词回情态动词回答答考考你考考你1.The T-shirts need

11、.(湖北卷)A.clean B.cleaningC.to cleanD.cleaned脱坑：脱坑：sth.need doing=sth.need to be done考考你考考你-Must I do my homework now?-No,you.(上海卷)A.mustnt禁止B.cant不能C.neednt不必D.couldnt不能情态动词回答情态动词回答考考你考考你1.-Must I do my homework now?-Yes,you./No,you.2.-Need I do my homework now?-Yes,you./No,you.脱坑：脱坑：Must/Need提问肯否定一样

12、。提问肯否定一样。mu_s_tn_e_e_d_n_tmu_s_tn_ e _ e _ d _ n _t情态动词回答语肯定否定cancancantcould请求请求can能力能力could请求请求cant能能couldntmustmustneedntneedmustneednt情态动词情态动词maymight1.时态不同时态不同I may be late,so dont wait for me.我可能会迟到，所以别等我。我可能会迟到，所以别等我。He said that he might borrow my car.他说他可能会借我的车。他说他可能会借我的车。情态动词情态动词maymight2.

13、提出请求，提出请求，might更委婉更委婉May I come in?Might I take a break?might:委婉委婉 正式正式情态动词情态动词maymight3.表允许，用表允许，用may不用不用mightYou may leave whenever you please.你高兴随时可以走。你高兴随时可以走。You may use the room so long as youkeep it clean.你可以使用这个房间，只要你能保持干净。你可以使用这个房间，只要你能保持干净。情态动词情态动词maymight4.表可能，表可能，might比比may语气更不确定，可能性更小。语

14、气更不确定，可能性更小。You may/might be right.He may/might know the answer.She may/might be waiting for us.情态动词情态动词maymight5.may可用于否定句表禁止可用于否定句表禁止Visitors may not(=must not)feed the animals.参观者不得给动物喂食。参观者不得给动物喂食。6.may可表祝愿可表祝愿May you be happy!May God bless you!考考你考考你1.May I sit here?-No,you.(安徽卷)A.needntB.mustn

15、tC.may notD.couldnt情态动词回答语肯定否定cancancantcould请求can能力could请求cant能力couldntmustmustneedntneedmustneedntmaymay/cancant/mustntmaybemay beVSmaybe副词：也许（常句首副词：也许（常句首=perhaps）Maybe she is in love.她大概是恋爱她大概是恋爱了。了。may bemay是情态是情态v：也许是，：也许是，be是是V.原原He may be wrong.他也许不对。他也许不对。情态动词表推测情态动词表推测isntisnt-0%-0%cant/co

16、uldnt-cant/couldnt-不可不可能是能是may not/might notmay not/might not没准不没准不是是 might-might-没准没准may-may-也许也许could-could-可能可能should-should-应该应该must-must-一定一定is-100%is-100%真题演练真题演练1.Peter come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.2.mustB.mayC.canD.will3.-I think Miss Gao must be in the library.She said she

17、4.would go there.5.-No,she be there.I have just been there.A.cantC.needntB.mustntD.wouldnt考考你考考你1.The ground is rather wet,so it last night.（河南卷）A.must rainC.may rainB.must have rainedD.should have rained2.I really regretted wasting the hours when I studied hard,but it was too late.（天津卷）A.must have

18、studiedC.could have studiedB.may have studiedD.should have studied3.Someone must have broken into our bedroom.Who have done it?(北京卷)A.must have doneC.could have doneB.cant have doneD.should have donemust have done一定做过了一定做过了should have done本应该做本应该做could have done可能做了可能做了-Do you think Jim will pass th

19、e Chinese exam?-Sure.He has a lot of time on it.A.takenB.costC.paidD.spentpayspendcosttake人人物物+钱钱+for+foron sth.on sth.(in)doing(in)doing无无to to dodoIt takes sb.some time to do sth.It takes sb.some time to do sth.常考动词辨析常考动词辨析1.四朵金花四朵金花I spend 2 hours(in)doing my homework.I spend 2 hours on my homewo

20、rk.It takes me 2 hours to do my homework.1.How much did you for the new shoes?（黑龙江卷）A.pay B.spendC.takeD.cost2.It me one minute to solve it.（吉林卷）3.tookB.spentC.paidD.cost真题演练真题演练常考动词辨析常考动词辨析2.穿穿put onweardressin穿上穿上(动作动作)穿着穿着(状态状态)给给穿穿+颜色颜色Please put on your coat.I like to wear the dress.The baby is

21、 too young thathe cant dress himself.The girl in red is my student.常考动词辨析常考动词辨析3.参加参加joinjoin intake part inattend加入某个组织，成为其中一员加入某个组织，成为其中一员join the Party join the Army参加小型活动参加小型活动join in the game/discussion发挥群众活动，有积极影响发挥群众活动，有积极影响take part in the Engilsh competition.出席出席attend the meeting常考动词辨析常考动词

22、辨析4.忘记忘记-I my homework at home.-It doesnt matter.(湖南卷)A.forgotB.lostC.leftD.missed脱坑：忘带东西用脱坑：忘带东西用leave常考动词辨析常考动词辨析5.借借-How did Lucy get so much money?-Her friend it her.(江苏卷)-A.borrowed;from B.borrowed;for-C.lent;from D.lent to脱坑：脱坑：borrow from借入借入lendto借出借出常考动词辨析常考动词辨析6.赢赢the gameyou脱坑：脱坑：win+礼物礼物

23、/比赛比赛beat+人人w _ i _ nb _ e a _ t常考动词辨析常考动词辨析7.到达到达parkparkparkreacharriveget to+地点地点+in+大地方大地方+at+小地方小地方+地点地点r_e_a_c_harr_i_v_e_a_tg _ e _ t _ t _ol,用 see.look(at).watch 或 read 填空,l)l can an applR oll the table.Pleaee the blackboard carefully,Dontbooks in the sun.2.用 bring,take-,carry 或 fetch 填空,l)Pease remember toyour homework to sthool tomorrow.2)This is a dangerous area,so don t too much cash.