2021年中考英语语法专题主谓一致（ppt课件）.ppt

1、主主 谓谓 一一 致致 概念概念:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主语在人称和数上保持一致。找出下列句子的错误找出下列句子的错误1.The police is comimg soon.2.The sad news make me cry.3.My shoes is new.4.The rich is going to be looked after well.5.This pair of glasses are mine.6.The first class begin at eight every morning.先测一测先测一测.makesarearea

2、reisbeginsLets try.1.Our class are going to hike next week Our class are big and clean.2.A speaker and writer does exercise every day.A speaker and a writer does exercise every day.Do you know the differences?3.A number of Chinese are learning English.The number of the students are forty.哪一句表达正确？哪一句

3、表达正确？主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则1.语法一致原则：指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式;反之反之,谓谓语动词用复数形式语动词用复数形式.Tom is a good student.They often play football on the playground.2、意义一致原则：意义一致原则：指谓语动词的单指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的复数要取决于主语所表达的概念概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记而不取决于表面上的语法标记.指主语形式上指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因

4、此谓语动词用复数形为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now.Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.My family is a big family.There are twenty dollars on the desk.（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。动词用复数。My family (be)w

5、atching TV at 7 oclock yesterday evening.单数形式代表复数内容的词有单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、等、等。（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。语动词用单数。The news (be)very exciting.复数形式代表单数内容的词有复数形式代表单数内容的词有news、works（工（工厂）、厂）、means和以和以ics结尾的学科名称结尾的学科名称physics、politics、economics等。等。isare就近一致原则：就近一致原则：指当主语由两个或两个以上名

6、词或代词组成时指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.There is a pen and some books on the desk.提提 示：示：一般说来一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则究竟何时采用何种原则,应视英语习应视英语习惯用法而定惯用法而定.但在实际使用中但在实际使用中,如果对上述三种如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种遵循语法一致的原

7、则是一种比较稳妥的方法比较稳妥的方法.名词作主语名词作主语 1.单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms.Some water is in the bottle.The students are playing football on the playground.2.2.某些集体名词，如某些集体名词，如family,team,clubfamily,team,club，classclass，publicpublic，groupgroup等作主语时，如果作为一等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中个整

8、体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.3.3.某些集体名词，如某些集体名词，如people,police,people,police,clothes clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必 须用复数。须用复数。The police are searching for the thief.4.4.单、复数同形的名词如单、复数同形的名词如 sheep,sheep,deer,fis

9、h,Chinese,Japanese fish,Chinese,Japanese 主语时，谓主语时，谓 语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.5.5.名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。一般用单数。The doctors is across the street.My uncles is not far from here.常见的省略名词有：常见的

10、省略名词有：the bakersthe bakers（面包（面包房）房）,the barbers,the barbers（理发店）（理发店）,the,the ZhangsZhangs（张家）等。（张家）等。注注:the:the 姓氏名词的复数形式则表姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人示一家人。The Greens are having breakfast now.6.6.表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：数形式，例如：glasses,shoes,chopsticks,pantsglasses,shoes,chopsticks,pa

11、nts等。等。The pants are mine.My glasses are on the table.但如果主语用但如果主语用“a kind of,a pair of,a series ofa kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was under the desk.Two pairs of shoes were under the desk.7 7当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主报纸，杂

12、志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。The United States lies in North America.8 8news news，mathsmaths，physics physics，politicspolitics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数.No news is good news.Maths is very popular in our class 连接词连接的名词作主语连接词连接的名词作主语 1 1 用用andand或或bothandbothand连接并列主

13、语，谓语动词连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。通常用复数形式。Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.注：注：A A：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或或 同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。复数。这种情况常有两种结构形式：这种情况常有两种结构形式：a.+n.+and+na.+n.+and+n，指的是同一个人或物；，指的是同一个人或物；a.+n.+and+a.+n.a.+n.+and+a.+n.，指两个人

14、或物。，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.The writer and the teacher are coming.B B：由：由andand连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由由each,every,等修饰时，结构是等修饰时，结构是each/every+n.+and+(each/every)+n.，其谓语动词，其谓语动词要用单数形式。要用单数形式。Each boy and each girl has got a seat.Every man and every woman is at work.2 2当主语后面跟有当主

15、语后面跟有as well as,along with,with,like,together with,but,except,besides,including,等引等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。语而定。(1)The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.(2)The women with two children is my aunt(3)Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football(4)The stud

16、ents,including their teacher,are going to the brave man.(5)Nobody except Mr.Li and Mrs.Li likes soprts.(6)Mr.Li besides his sons likes sports.3以以 eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut等连接的名词（代词）作等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。则。Either you or he is to go.Not one but all o

17、f us are hoping to be there.There be 结构，依据就近一致原则结构，依据就近一致原则。There is a book,two pens on the desk.There are two pens,a book in the desk.(1)Here are two novels.One is written in English.The other is in Chinese.(2)Is everyone here today.(3)Something is wrong with him.(4)None of them has seen the film.(

18、5)Either of the boys is ready.(6)Neither of these words is correct.(7)Each of the pens costs three dollars.(8)Nobody was in.4不定代词不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing,either,neither,each,the other,another作主语，作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。谓语动词通常用单数。分数和量词作

19、主语分数和量词作主语 1 表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。单数形式。(1)Two months is a long holiday.(2)Twenty pounds isnt so heavy.(3)Ten miles isnt a long distance.(4)Five minus four is one.(5)The Arabian Night is a book known

20、 to lovers of English.2分数分数(百分数百分数)+of+名词名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于数取决于of后面的名词的数。后面的名词的数。Ten percent of the apples were bad.注意注意:population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants 3a num

21、ber of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。谓语用单数。The number of the teachers in No.2 Middle School is over 100.a number of them are young.名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语 如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词形容词”结构担任表结构担任表示一类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词示一类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：有：the poor,the rich,

22、the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dumb.The rich often help the poor.一、给句子填上一、给句子填上is/am/are1.There _some milk and some bottles on the table.2.Neither Jim nor Mary _ right.3.Either you or I _ going to work there.4.Not only the students but also their teacher _happy.5.There _s

23、ome sheep and a child over there.isisamisareThere be _ A _ and _ B _Either _A_ or_ B _Neither_A_nor_B_Not only_A_but also_B_动词动词Thinking makes Thinking makes you cleveryou clever就近原则就近原则1.Behind the house _(be)some trees.2.Every student and every teacher _(come)to school on time in the morning.3.No

24、man and no woman _(like)these shoes.4.He or she _(have)gone there.5.What he said_(sound)reasonable.6.“I”_(be)the ninth letter.Can you work them out?Can you work them out?arecomeslikeshassoundsisTrue gold fears not the fire.找出各句中的错误找出各句中的错误1.A number of students has seen the film.2.This kind of apple

25、s taste very good.3.Not only my classroom but also my teacher are fond of sports.4.The Greens has returned to England.5.Those who only thinks of themselves can never be happy.6.When each person come in,they must show their tickets.have tastesishavethinkcomesThink carefully7.Ten thousand pounds are a

26、 lot of money.8.Mary likes many other girls likes dancing.9.We are Chinese.You two are German.10.The singer and dancer look very young.11.Bread and butter are my favorite breakfast.12.Nobody but the twin sisters know the secret.I can make itislikeGermanslooksisknows 1：Each of the students _ a dictio

27、nary.A.have B.is C.are D.has 2：How time flies!Ten years _ passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are 3.Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace.They havent been back.A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone 4：Look!There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe SquareA.are a number of deer

28、 B.are a number of deersC.is a number of deer D.is a number of deersDBDA5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters because it is faster.A.prefer,to writing B.prefer，to writeC.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began.A.was B.is C.are D.were7：Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A.were B.is C.are D.wasAAB9.Look,here come some _.A.dog B.horse C.deer D.cow10.It is not J.K.Rowling but her works that _ us excited.A.makes B.is made C.make D.are madeCC