2021年中考英语复习之构词法（派生法）（ppt课件）.ppt

1、专题十五专题十五 词汇运用词汇运用中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于7-9年级学生本专题一般共需6课时第二课时 构词法（二）一、派生法Derivation二、截取/混合/缩略三、巩固练习一、派生法:是通过在词根上加前缀或者构成一个新词。有些词性会变而有些词性不会变。happy adj.开心的；幸福的-unhappy adj.不开心的；沮丧的 develop v.发展-development n.发展前缀前缀含义含义例词例词a-处在arise,aside,aloneen-使可能enrich,enable,enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,d

2、isorder,un-不做相反动作unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,unclose,undress,uncover,untiein-im-ir-不，非inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrect impossible,impersonal,impolite,immature,impracticalirregular,irresponsibleillogical,前缀前缀non-不，非non existent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stopde-向 相 反 方向

3、发展decentralize（分散）,defrost（解冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze,anti-fascistmis-错 误 的，坏的misdoings,misunderstand,misfortunere重复，再rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,co-共同co-exist,co-operate,co-educationex以前的Ex-husband,ex-presidenttele远程telephone,telegraph,telescopesuper-在 上 面，超级supermarket,superpower,under-在之下underli

4、ne,underestimate,underground,inter-相互，之间international,interact,inter-changesub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,trans-过，穿过，变 transformation(变形),translatevice-副vice-premier,vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal,semicircle,semi-automaticbi两个bicycle,biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形,tricycle三轮脚踏车,tr

5、iplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply,multi-national,multi-coloredkilo-千kilometer,kilogram后 缀例 词名词-er/eerfarmer,weaver,pain-killer,murderer,villager,speaker,cooker,recorder,engineer-essactress,waitress,princess,hostess-orconductor,sailor,transistor,operator,-arBeggar-eseChinese,Portuguese,Japanese-ianmusician,E

6、gyptian,physician-istscientist,dentist,communist,-ent/-antassistant-mentargument,judgment,government-nesshappiness,greatness,illness,coldness,sleeplessness-ionaction,decision,creation后缀例词名词-tiondictation,preparation,repetition,action,information,invention-ingbuilding,wedding,painting-shipleadership,

7、friendship,hardship-ageshortage,marriage,leakage-tyloyalty,cruelty,penalty,sixty,twenty,thirty,certainty-thtruth,warmth,length,growth,fifteenth,fourth-anceacceptance,assistance,reliance,appearance-encedependence,confidence,reference,entrance,defence-fulmouthful,handful,plateful,-alrefusal,denial,arr

8、ival-ydifficulty,possibility,-domfreedom,wisdom,kingdom-ismsocialism,materialism-listnovelist,socialist,后 缀例 词形容词-alcentral,industrial,national,natural-anEuropean,American,Australian-erneastern,northern,southern-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible-fulcareful,

9、cheerful,grateful,faithful,-ishchildish,Swedish,selfish-ivedestructive,collective,active,creative,effective-ythirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny-lesscareless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless后 缀例 词形容词-engolden,wooden,woolen-ouscourageous,famous,continuous,serious,var

10、ious-aryimaginary,revolutionary,secondary-icrealistic,historic,poetic-sometroublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome-likechildlike,womanlike,manlike-antignorant,significant,observant,important-entdiligent,silent,excellent,frequent-lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly-ishchildish,foolish后

11、 缀例 词动词-izerealize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,-enwiden,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,widen,shorten,quicken,deepen-fySimplify,beautify,terrify,后 缀例 词副词-ward(s)forward,northward,backward,downward-lyslowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily,friendly()1.enrichA.trying to find jobs()2.semicircleB.remove,g

12、et rid of ice,frost()3.troublesomeC.of,having,using imagination()4.sharpenD.make or become sharp()5.job-huntingE.half a circle()6.limitlessF.causing trouble()7.imaginativeG.make rich,improve in quality,flavour,etc.()8.defrostH.without limitGEFDAHCBQuiz Match the right words from the right column wit

13、h the words on the left.连线 1.截取法:将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变的英语构词法称为截短法，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1）截头 telephonephone 电话 airplaneplane 飞机2）去尾 mathematicsmaths 数学 examinationexam 考试 kilogramkilo 千克 laboratorylab 实验室 taxicabtaxi 出租车3）截头去尾 influenzaflu 流感 refrigeratorfridge 冰箱 prescriptionscript 处方 药方 脚本 二、截取混合缩略法2.混合法:英语构

14、词还可以将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词，前半部分表属性，后半部分表主体。这样的英语构词法就是混合法breakfast lunch=brunch 早午餐news broadcastnewscast新闻广播 television broadcasttelecast电视播送 smoke and fogsmog烟雾 photo and graphyphotography摄影，摄影术helicopter airportheliport直升飞机场3.首字母缩略法TOEFL-Test of English as a foreign language 托福IELTS-International En

15、glish language test system 雅思WHO WTO NBA VOA BBC CD UFO etc.Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.用所给词正确形式填空1.The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying _.(noise)2.He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match.(play)3.Look!How _ Kate is laughing!(happy)4.It snowe

16、d last night and now the streets are covered with snow.(heavy)5.Edison was a great _.During his life he had many .(invent)6.Thank you for your _.(kind)noisyplayershappilyheavilyinventorinventionskindness()1.That man was_enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B.careful C.c

17、areless D.carelessness()2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.A.die B.dead C.died D.death()3.The child looked _ at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 单选题BDC()4.How_ he is!He is always acting _.He is really a _.A.foolish；foolishly；foo

18、l B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool()Mr.Black is an _in the army，not an _ in the government.You can not easily find him in his_.A.official；officer；office B.officer；office；official C.official；official；official D.officer；official；office()6.The black people were against slavery and fought for their _ bravely.A.free B.freely C.freedom D.frees ADC课时总结派生法截取法混合法缩略法加前缀 dislike impolite unknown加后缀 goodness thankful mainly 截头 telephone去尾 laboratory 截头去尾 influenza 两词各取一部分 brunch smog取首字母 PRC HB ICBC