2021年人教版中考英语复习 - 名词 专项讲解 （ppt课件）.ppt

1、 专题词汇专题词汇名词名词考点揭密考点揭密典型例题解析典型例题解析课时训练课时训练 考点揭密考点揭密1.掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名词掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名词和专有名词；和专有名词；2.掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构成掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构成方法及用法；方法及用法；3.理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表语、理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法；宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法；4.能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，如：能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，如：fami

2、ly,home,house;work,job等等 名名 词词类类 别别意意 义义例例 词词专有名词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称等的专有名称Jim,China,Qingdao,the UK,the Great Wall普通名词普通名词可可数数名名词词个体名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物表示单个人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,country集合集合 名词名词表示一群人或一些事物的表示一群人或一些事物的总称总称people,police,team,clothes,group,cre

3、w不不可可数数名名词词物质名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质表示无法分为个体的物质water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli抽象名词抽象名词表示抽象概念的词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care 名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形有两种表示形式式,一种是在名词后一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用；另一种是用of,表示表示 的的。1.(1)一般词的所有格一般词的所有格,直接在词尾直接在词尾+s。eg.Mr.Motts robot,childrens clothe

4、s (2)以以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+eg.teachers books (3)两人共有的物体两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后则在第二个名词后+s;如果分别是如果分别是两人所有两人所有,则在每个名词后面则在每个名词后面+s。eg.Lucy and Lilys room.(指两人共住一个房间指两人共住一个房间)Mrs Greens and Mrs Browns son.(指两人各自的儿子指两人各自的儿子)(4)表示某具体场所时表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略所有格后面的名词可省略 eg.the doctors(office)Mr.Whites2.(1)没有生命

5、的事物一般用没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。短语来表示所属关系。eg.the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom，(2)名词的的定语较长时名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用有生命的事物也可用of短语表短语表示。示。eg.a long story of a 50-year-old man(3)双重所有格双重所有格 eg.a friend of his,the big nose of Toms(4)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加名词，也可以加s来构

6、成所有格。来构成所有格。eg.ten minutes walk,todays newspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.They got much _ from those new books.A.ideas B.photos C.news D.stories 解析:much 是用来修饰不可数名词的,A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式,C项为不可数名词,因此选C.2.I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A.orange,orange B.oranges,oranges C.oranges,orang

7、e D.orange,oranges解析:orange 有两种含义,一种可数名词橘子,另一种是不可数名词橘汁,此题第一空应填可数名词,第二空填不可数名词,因此选 C。3.Every evening M r.King takes a _ to his home.A.25 minutes walk B.25 minutes walk C.25 minute walk D.25 minutes walk解析:句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此选A。4.An old _ wants to see you.A.people B.person C.the people D

8、.the person解析:person 与people 都有人 的意思,但用法不同.一个人用 a person,两个人 用 two persons;people 泛指 人们是集合名词,表示复数,the people 指 人民,a people 指 一个民族.应选B。5.Help yourself to _.A.chickens and apples B.chickens and apple C.chicken and apple D.chicken and apples解析:chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因

9、此选D。6.Oh,dear.I forgot the two _.A.rooms number B.rooms number C.room numbers D.rooms numbers解析:room number 房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有my phsics teacher,two bus drivers 等.应选C。7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _.A.family B.house C.home D.room解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;

10、house指的是房子(住所);room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家,因此选C.8._ mothers couldnt go to the meeting,because they have gone to Shanghai.A.Mary and Peters B.Mary and Peter C.Marys and Peter D.Marys and Peters解析:此句中 mothers是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.Li Lei has been to _ many times this month.A.her uncle B.her uncles C.her unc

11、les D.aunts解析:此句意为 李雷这个去她舅舅家多次.表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选因此选B。10.He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A.many experiences B.much experience C.an experience D.a lot experience解析:experience 作 经验 讲时是不可数名词,作 经历讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为 经验,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of,lots of,plenty of 只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因

12、此选B。11.A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A.you B.your C.your sister D.your sisters解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12.A group of _ are talking with two _.A.Frenchmen,Germans B.Germans,Frenchmans C.Frenchmans,Germen D.Germen,Frenchmen解析:Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen;German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.13.The team

13、_ having a meeting.A.is B.are C.am D.be解析:team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。14.Would you like _?_,please.A.drink,Three coffees B.a cup of drink,CoffeesC.a drink,A coffee D.a drink,Three cups of coffees解析:drink 和coffee是不可数名词,可以用of来表示数量,eg,three cups of coffee,当前面加a 时,则表示一杯因此选C。

14、15.The Great Wall was made not only by _,but also the flesh and blood of _ men.A.earth and stone,millions of B.earths and stones,millions C.the earth and stone,million of D.the earths and stones,millions解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of.因此选A。【例例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day.2003，天津，天津 A

15、.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers 典型例题解析典型例题解析【例例2】Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my car,because there are already five people.2003，山西，山西 A.land B.ground C.room D.floor BC【例例3】These Germans want to have some _for supper,so they decide to catch_ now.2003，天津，天津 A.fish,many B.fishe

16、s,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many【例例4】I am thirsty.Would you bring me _,please?2003，广东，广东 A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs【例例5】Some _are flying kites near the river.2003，长沙，长沙 A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs AB C.将下列词组译成英语将下列词组译成英语1.三双鞋三双鞋 _2.二十个女教师二十个女教师 _3.两瓶橘汁两瓶橘汁 _4.Tom父亲的一个朋友父亲的一

17、个朋友 _5.少年宫少年宫 _ 课时训练课时训练there pairs of shoestwenty women teacherstwo bottles of orange juicea friend of Toms fathersthe Childrens Palace1.The rich _not always happy.A.are B.is C.have D.has2.In Britain,_are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box3.There are four _and

18、 two _in the group.A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_.A.home B.family C.house D.country5.Mother brought me_.A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news 课时训练课时训练AADAB6.March 8th is _Day.A.

19、Womans B.Womens C.Womans D.Women7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people.A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few,few8.There are three _in our class.A.Zhous B.Zhous C.Zhous D.Zhouss9.Its about ten_ walk.A.minutes B.minutes C.minute D.minutes10.This room is_.A.Bill and Davids B.Bill

20、s and Davids C.Bills and Davids D.Bill and David 课时训练课时训练(B)(A)(B)(B)(A)11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful _in China.A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities12.Would you like_?A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat13.What can I do for you,sir?Id like two_.A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks14.Toms car is more beautiful than_.A.his brothers and sister B.his brother and sister C.his brothers and sisters D.his brothers and sisters15.“Nightingal Prize”is for_.A.workers B.scientists C.doctors D.nurses 课时训练课时训练BACD D