中考英语复习：常见习惯用语精讲例析.doc

1、中考英语常见习惯用语精讲例析 （一） 知识概要 由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处， 所以造成了许多同 学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例 如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful 这 时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌 的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语 有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解

2、他们的文化背景，历 （二） 正误辨析 误 - What can I do for you? - Yes， please help me 正 - What can I do for you? - Id like to buy a sweater 析 What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情 况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以 被译为：我能为您做些什么? 误 - Which colour do you like? - Sorry， I dont like 正 - Which colour do you like?

3、- I prefer blue 析 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择， 而不能泛指， 泛泛的回答。 如 Yes， I like it 误 Do you like to come with us tonight? 正 Would you like to come with us tonight? 析 Do you like 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的 Shall we go? 我们走吧! Lets go? 让我们走吧

4、! How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何? What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何? Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢? 其肯定答语一般为 Certainly， Yes， O All right， With pleasure 误 Sorry， Ive kept you waiting Not at all 正 Sorry， Ive kept you waiting Never mind 析 “介意不介意“这一问法与答语在中英文 - Do you mind my smoking here?- Yes， do it ple

5、ase No， of course not Yes， take it please No， you cant take it 这时正确的选择应是 B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而 A 选项则自相矛盾了， 它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而 D 选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方 争求意见时，可以有以下问法： Do you mind if I open the door? Would you mind mailing the letter for me 其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all 而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 Im sorry 误 Whats tha

6、t man? He is Mike 正 Whats that man? He is a teacher 正 Whos that man? He is Mike (He is Mikes father) 析 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 误 - How much are they? - Half a kilo， please 正 - How many bananas do you want? - Half a kilo Please 析 How much are they? 误 Im sorry， but is this the way to the park? 正 Excuse m

7、e， but is this the way to the park? 析 Im sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 误 - Have a good time tonight! - You are the same 正 - Have a good time tonight! - The same to you 析 The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用 法 误 - Whats the problem? - Ive got a headache 正 Whats wrong with you? Ive got a h

8、eadache 析 Whats wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何， 而 Whats the problem? 误 - Now， Im back Can I play? - Perhaps Youd better do your homework first 正 - Now， Im back Can I play? - Im afraid not Youd better do your homework first 析 Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps Im afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be a

9、fraid Im afraid that you are right - Will you come to my birthday party? - Im afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital 其后not - Sorry， I dont want to go there alone， Im afraid of the dog Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam 其后 of 动名词， Mary is afraid to see the teacher becau

10、se she didnt do well in the exam 其后 误 - How soon will you be ready? - Two days 正 - How soon will you be ready? - In two days 析 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答 什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是“还有多久才能作完“，这时要 用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可 以用 two days 误 - Would you mind if I have some time

11、off? - I dont mind - Monday and Tuesday of next week 正 - Would you mind if I have some time off? - When exactly - Monday and Tuesday of next week 析 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案 是不容易找出错来的。 I dont mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind这一提问 的， 但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一 句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能

12、与下句中具体的时间相 误 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Who are you?“ 正 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Hello? This is Tom speaking?“ 析 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更 为重要。如

13、果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电 话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问“Whos that(speaking)?“但不要讲“Who are you?“如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲“This is speaking“而不要讲“Im “也不要讲“My name is “ 就语法而论，“Who are you?“ “Im “My name is “并不错，也是英语中可用的句子， 误 - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? - I dont hope so 正 - Do you think its going to

14、 rain over the weekend? - I hope not 析 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答 语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I dont think so 但 I dont believe so 和 I dont hope so 则意为： 我不信此事 和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为：我想可能不会 发生吧! 误 - Is anybody there? - No， Bob and Tom have asked for leav

15、e 正 - Is everybody there? - No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 析 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在 先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是 Is anybody there? 在英语中为： 这里有人吗?而 Is everybody there?为： 全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考 虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 误 - Your handwriting is very good! - No， my handwritin

16、g is very poor 正 - Your handwriting is very good! - Thank you 析 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是 美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比如中国人见 面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则 认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。 而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话， 如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning

17、 和 How do you do 误 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： “Excuse me Ill go first“ 正 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： “Excuse me I have to go“ 析 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样 的场合你讲 Ill go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I hav

18、e to go 则表示由于外 误 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - Id like to， and Im too busy 正 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - Id like to， but Im too busy 析 Im too busy 与 Id like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。 这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言 误 - Wheres Deter? - Deter will come with us tonight

19、 but he isnt very sure yet 正 - Wheres Deter? - Deter may come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet 析 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所 以应用 may 误 - Hi， havent seen you for ages! You look fine! - Great You look well too 正 - Hi， havent seen you for ages! You look fine! - Thanks You look well

20、too 析 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的 周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进 （三） 例题解析 1 - Would you like to have some rice? - A Yes， I like B Yes， please C of course D Yes， I have 答案 B. 析 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 Yes， please 如 不想接受则用 No， thanks 2 - Nice to see you - A Good morning B Happy to meet

21、 you， too C Nice to see you， too D Pleased to meet you， too 答案 C. 析 虽然 A、B、D 三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候 3 - Would you please give me some water? - A Yes， I would B Certainly C No， thanks D Yes， please 答案 B. 析 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时， 一般的回答是肯定的。 而 Yes， please 为“是的，您请做某事吧“。这一含意显然不对 4 - Thank you very much fo

22、r helping me - A Youre welcome B It doesnt matter C No need D Dont say that 答案 A. 析 Youre welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 It doesnt matter 则为：没关系。 5 - Hello， Lucy How are you? - And you? A Fine， thanks B Yes， I am C Glad to meet you D Good afternoon 答案 A. 析 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应 为“很好，谢谢!“ 6 - H

23、elp yourself to some meat - A It sounds nice B Yes， please C Yes， Lets help each other D Thank you 答案 D. 析 Help yourself to some meat 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要 7 - Oh， I am not feeling well Ive got a cold - A Fine， How are you? B Never mind Take care C Well， I m sure to get weel soon D Im sorry to hear th

24、at 答案 D. 析 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而 B、 C 8 - Meimei you speak English very well - A No， I dont think so B Thank you very much C Not good enough D Thats all right 答案 B. 9 - “Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?“ - , Mum Ill get it A Yes， I could B No， thanks C OK D Yes， but I have no time 答案 C. 析 要注意

25、could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态， 10 - Could you look after Polly for me while were away? - A No， thanks B With pleasure C Im not afraid D Im sure you will 答案 B. 析 With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮 11 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please? - A Hold on， please B Thats the headmaster， pl

26、ease C Who are you ? please D Sorry Im not the headmaster 答案 A. 析 hold on， please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要 讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指 12 - Happy birthday! - A Thank you B The same to you C Good luck D Congratulations 答案 A. 析 the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除 13 - Im sorry

27、 I dont know the way， either Youd better ask that policeman for help - A Good night B Thats nothing C Very well D Thank you all the same 答案 D. 析 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same 14 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I cant do anything - A Im sorry B Dont worry C Good luck D Bad luc

28、k 答案 D. 析 如果用 A 则要用 Im sorry to hear that Im sorry 因 Im sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 15 - - I have got a cough A Whats your trouble? B What have you got? C Why did you come here? D Have you got a cough? 答案 A. 析 Whats your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这 种用语还有 Whats wrong with you? 16 - Would you like to

29、go shopping with me? - A Yes， Id love to B Thats right C Yes， please D Quite well 答案 A. 析 表示愿意作某事应讲：Id love to Id like to 17 - Whats the weather like today! - A Its nice for a walk B I like autumn best of all C It will be fine tomorrow D Its rather cold today 答案 D. 析 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，

30、所以只能选 D 18 - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her - Sorry， she is out Youd better A visit her in the office B call her later C see her this afternoon D speak to her yourself 答案 B. 析 call her later 19 - - Very well， thank you， and you? A How do you do? B Good morning C How are you these days? D

31、 How do you like English? 答案 C. 析 本题是由答语来推断问话， 所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do? 20 - How is your mother? - A She is old B She is no better than she was C She is kindhearted D She is in her forties 答案 B. 析 How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何， 而 B 选项则是“她不比以前强 “ 21 - Thank you very much for

32、your help - A Youre welcome B Please dont C Theres no trouble D No， no 答案 A. 22 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema Afterwards you thank him He says “ “ A It was nothing B Im glad you enjoyed it C Dont say it D No， neednt 答案 B. 析 这是英语的答语，千万不要选 A 23 - Thank you for your good present - A Its not go

33、od B No， no C My pleasure D Never mind 答案 C. 24 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say A.you are too good B.Its very kind of you C.you are very kind D.Ill thank you 答案 B. 25 - I am very sorry I am late for dinner - A.No， you arent B.Thats all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you dont 答案 B. 析

34、 Thats all right 26 - Im sorry if I hurt you - A Im sorry B Its not true C It doesnt matter D Dont say sorry 答案 C. 27 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you - A Im sorry B What a pity C It doesnt matter to me D Thats terrible 答案 B. 析 What a pity. 28 - Help yourself to some fish - A You

35、are very kind B Yes， Im helping myself C Thank you D Yes， dont worry about me 答案 C. 29 - Are you ready?-_ A Im very sorry B Try to be patient C Not yet， wait a minute D Do you have the time， please? 答案 C. 析 not yet 30 - Mum， I have passed the exam - A Thats all right B Congratulations C You are luck

36、 D Good luck to you 答案 B. 31 - I think I have to leave I hope we can get together again - A All right B Thats all right C OK D I hope so， too 答案 D. 32 Must I wait till he comes back? A No， you neednt B No， you mustnt C No， you may not D No， you cant 答案 A. 析 must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否 定句则要

37、用 neednt 33 - I pay you the house rent right away? - Yes， you have to do it A Shall B Way C Must D Have 答案 C. 34 - Dont you think this colour is too bright? - A Yes， I agree B Yes， but I dont think so C Yes， of course not D Yes， whats wrong? 答案 A. 35 - It was cold yesterday - A So was it B So it was

38、 C I believe not so D I believe not 答案 B. 析 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was 即为：是的， 天气昨天很冷。 而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时， 则要倒装。 如： I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 36 - What do you think of the song? - A I like music very much B I like it too C With pleasure D It sounds sweet 答案 D. 析 sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很

39、甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不 37 Do you like tea or coffee? A Yes， I do B Thank you C Thats fine D Either will do 答案 D. 析 either will do 38 I like your sweater very much A No， its ugly B Sorry C Thank you D Youre welcome 答案 C. 析 39 He likes travelling by train A So do I B I dos C I like so D I like it， neither 答案

40、 A. 40 - How do you like your school? - A I like it very much B Its very beautiful C I doesnt like it D Very well 答案 B. 析 How do you like 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么 41 What a nice day! A Youre right B No， isnt it? C Yes， isnt it? D Really? 答案 C. 析 Yes， isnt it 是的，难道不是个好天气吗? 42 - Hello， ? - This is Della

41、 speaking A Who are you B Are you Tom C Who is that D Please tell me who are you 答案 C. 析 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 43 -Whats he like? - A He likes English B He is old C He is like a farmer D He is tall and this 答案 D. 析 要区分 Whats he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而 44 How did you do your job? Not

42、very well， A Im sure B I am afraid C Thank you D Im sorry 答案 B. 析 I am afraid 45 - your aunt? -She is a principal of a middle school A What does B Where does C What is D Whom is 答案 C. 46 - - He is my boss A Whats the man? B Who is the man? C How is the man? D What does the man do? 答案 B. 47 - May I h

43、ave your name? - A No， no B Youre polite C Call me John D Its kind of you 答案 C. 48 - Shall I make coffee for you? - A Yes， thank you B No， dont trouble C Dont trouble this， thank you D No， dont make it 答案 A. 49 - Could you show me the way to Mr Buowns office? - A Not at all B Im sure C All right D I can do it 答案 C. 50 - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon? - A Its very kind of you B You are so thoughtful C Thats a good idea D Yes， well go 答案 C.