介词+关系代词(定从)课件.ppt

1、介词+关系代词 引导的定语从句?定语从句概念定语从句概念：在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从 句句,有时也可以修饰一个句子。定语从句一般放在被修饰成有时也可以修饰一个句子。定语从句一般放在被修饰成 分之后分之后?先行词先行词：被修饰或限制的名词或代词被修饰或限制的名词或代词?关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词 关系词 定语从句 关系副词 where,when，why 关系代词 只代人只代人who,whom,只代物只代物whi

2、ch,人和物人和物whose,that?1：She is the girl_lives next door?2:The work_has just been finished is very important.?3:This is the book_I want to read.?4:That is the girl_I teach.?5:This is the house_window broke last week?6:4:This is the only film_that intresting me.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句?非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，在句子中不充当成分

3、，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句往往用逗号隔开?1:My gardener，_ is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.?2:These apple trees，_ I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.?3:He was late again,_made the teacher very unhappy.?4:Peter,_ you met in London,is now back in Paris.?5:The boy,_ fathe

4、r is an engineer,studies very hard.?6:The play，_ style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.?1.首先分清主句和定语从句首先分清主句和定语从句?2.确定定语从句的先行词确定定语从句的先行词?3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）或状语）?4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语主语、宾语或定语则选则选择择关系代词关系代词，若在从句中做，若在从句中做状语

5、状语，则选择，则选择关关系副词系副词。Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时 先行词被先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修等修饰时。饰时。Ive read all the books that you lend me.everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much 等不定代词作先行词时 Ev

6、erything that we saw in this film was true.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.主句已有主句已有who或或which时时 Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.当先行词同时指当先行词同时指人人和和物物时时 Ive never heard of the peop

7、le and things that you talked about just now.介词介词+关系代词关系代词 介词介词+关系代词与关系代词与when、where或或why转换转换 关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 先行词先行词 时间时间 地点地点 reason 在从句中的成分在从句中的成分 时间时间状语状语 地点地点状语状语 原因原因状语状语 关系副词关系副词 when where why?关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语?关系副词在定语从句中作状语 (1)when 指时间，在从句中作指时间，在从句中作。when=during/on/in/.which (介词同先行词搭

8、配介词同先行词搭配)(2)where指地点，在从句中作指地点，在从句中作。where=in/at/on/.which (介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配)(3)why的先行词只有的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作在从句中作 why=for which (4)先行词指物时，先行词指物时，whose=the+n.of which 。?1:This is the house in which/where he used to live.?2:The days _ we used foreign oil are gone forever.?先行词是表示原因的名词，先行词是表示原因的名词，即即r

9、eason，在定语从句中充当原因在定语从句中充当原因状语，状语，用用why，这时一般可以用这时一般可以用for which来代替来代替:when=on which 3:I dont know the reason why/for which he did it.The reason why/for which he was fired was not clear 介词介词+关系代词关系代词引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 直接位于介词之后的直接位于介词之后的关系代词关系代词只能是只能是which或或whom，构成，构成 介词介词+which（指物）；介词（指物）；介词+whom（指人）（指人）两种

10、结构。两种结构。【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The chair on which he is sitting now

11、is made of wood.如何选用介词？如何选用介词？1)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。1.I never forget the days during which I studied hard.2.I never forget the day on which I went to college.3.I never forget the year in which I went to college.2)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。to/with/about whom 1.Do you know the girl_ our head teacher is talking?t

12、alking to/with/about the girl 2.I cant find my dictionary _I paid over$100.for which pay for the dictionary3.This is the good car_ _I spent all my money.on which spend money on the carto whom 4.She is the teacher _all his students show respect.show respect to the teache5.The teacher_ _you have been

13、waiting is coming in a minute.for whom waiting for the teacher 3)根据定语从句所表达的根据定语从句所表达的意义意义来确定来确定.Air,_ which man cant live,is really important.without with The pen _which he is writing now was bought yesterday.如何选用介词？如何选用介词？?考虑三个因素考虑三个因素:“一先一先,二动二动,三意义三意义”4).看定语从句中看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配形容词与介词的搭配 with He ref

14、erred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”定语从句考点定语从句考点 恰当的简单介词恰当的简单介词+关系代词关系代词 with whom 1:She is a girl _you can share your sorrow and happiness.for 2.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.1.The day which I was to start arrived at last.on 2.I have known the reason which she is so for worried.which 3.The house in where we live is very large.4.This is the word that you should pay attention.to which 5.I have a book,whose the cover is very of which beautiful.6.He has two sons,both of them are doctors.whom 作业练习-定从