IP地址和IP子网的规划课件.ppt

1、1 互联网通过路由器实现了各个通信子网的互连。通互联网通过路由器实现了各个通信子网的互连。通信子网又称为物理网络，在物理网络内的结点都存在一信子网又称为物理网络，在物理网络内的结点都存在一个物理地址，这是各个结点的惟一标识。在互联网中，个物理地址，这是各个结点的惟一标识。在互联网中，不同的物理地址连成虚拟网后必须有一个统一的地址，不同的物理地址连成虚拟网后必须有一个统一的地址，以便在整个网络上有一个惟一的结点标识，这就是以便在整个网络上有一个惟一的结点标识，这就是IPIP地地址（即逻辑地址）。址（即逻辑地址）。IPIP地址对各个物理网络地址的统一是通过上层软件地址对各个物理网络地址的统一是通过

2、上层软件的逻辑编址进行的，这种编址没有改变任何物理地址，的逻辑编址进行的，这种编址没有改变任何物理地址，而是实现了物理地址的屏蔽，建立了一种而是实现了物理地址的屏蔽，建立了一种IPIP地址与物理地址与物理地址之间的映射关系。地址之间的映射关系。23厂商自己分配厂商自己分配IEEE 分配分配432bitsNetwork IDHostwork ID32bits56700000000=000000001=100000010=200000011=3 .11111101=25311111110=25411111111=255128 64321684218xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx 网络号网络

3、号主机号主机号192.168.1.3 网络号网络号 主机号主机号9xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx网络号网络号主机号主机号192.168.1.3 网络号网络号 主机号主机号10NetworkNetworkHostHostHostHostHostHostNetworkNetworkNetworkNetworkHostHostHostHostNetworkNetworkNetworkNetworkNetworkNetworkHostHost8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bits111210NNNNNNNHostHostHost8 916 1724 2532(1-126)A类类:11

4、0NNNNNNNetworkHostHost8 916 1724 2532(128-191)B类类:1110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost8 916 17242532(192-223)C类类:11110MMMMMulticast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group8 916 17242532(224-239)D类类:111110MMM保留保留保留保留保留保留8 916 17242532(240-247)E类类:13网络号网络号主机号主机号0 xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx1415网络号网络号主机号主机

5、号10 xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx1617网络号网络号主机号主机号110 xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx181920“有限广播有限广播”：网络号和主机号全网络号和主机号全1，代表本网络的有限广播代表本网络的有限广播 11111111111111111111111111111111255.255.255.255“本机本机”：网络号和主机号全：网络号和主机号全0 0，代表，代表本机本机0.0.0.00000000000000000000000000000000021“无意义无意义”：网络号全网络号全1，无意义，无意义 xxx

6、xxxxx xxxxxxxx1111111111111111255.255.x.x“本网络中的主机本网络中的主机”：网络网络号全号全0 0，代，代表这是本网络中的一台主机表这是本网络中的一台主机0.0.x.x0000000000000000 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx22“直接广播直接广播”：主机号全：主机号全1 1，用于向某，用于向某个网络发送广播个网络发送广播x.x.255.255xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1111111111111111“本机或标识本网络的地址本机或标识本网络的地址”：以：以0 0作作为主机号，代表当前网络的网络号为主机号，代表当前网络的网络号 0000000

7、000000000 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.x.0.023“标识本网络子网掩码标识本网络子网掩码”：网络号全网络号全1，主机号全主机号全0，代表着本网络的子网掩码，代表着本网络的子网掩码00000000 000000001111111111111111255.255.0.0“直接广播直接广播”：网络号全：网络号全0 0，主机号全，主机号全1 1，代表，代表本网络本网络的直接广播的直接广播0.0.255.25500000000000000001111111111111111242526272829303110.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.14

8、1.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10地址 类别 网络 主机A10.0.0.00.2.1.1例如：例如：3210.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10地址 类别 网络 主机ABCCB错误的错误的IP10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16例如：例如：33343536192.168.18.2 11000000 10101000 00010

9、010 00000010 255.255.255.0 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000AND 11000000 10101000 00010010 00000000192.168 .18 .0 网络号网络号3738网络网络 172.16.0.0172.16.0.0172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3172.16.255.253 172.16.255.25439网络网络 172.16.0.0172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.040414243128.10.1.1E1E0128.10.1.

10、2128.10.1.3128.10.2.1128.10.2.2128.10.2.3Internet到128.10.0.0/24的分组4416网络位网络位主机位主机位17200101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000000000000000000010100000000000000000000000000010172.16.2.160 255.255.0.0网络号网络号45扩展了扩展了8位地址的网络位地址的网络16网络位网络位主机位主机位172.16.2.160 255.255.255.017221010110011111111101011

11、00000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010子网位子网位网络网络ID：128192224240248252254255046网络网络主机主机172.16.2.160 255.255.255.192101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010子网子网扩展了扩展了10位地址的网络位地址的网络161722128网络网络ID：12819222424024

12、82522542551281922242402482522542554716192216011000000000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst192.16.2.160255.255.255.1921481100000011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst192.16.2.160255.255.255.19212161922160491100000011111111000100001

13、111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst192.16.2.160255.255.255.192127161922160350110000001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst192.16.2.160255.255.255.192124161922160110000000001000000000010192.16.2.12835111000

14、000111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst192.16.2.160255.255.255.1921245161922160110000000001000000000010192.16.2.12835211000000111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst19

15、2.16.2.160255.255.255.1921245161922160110000000001000000000010110000000001000000000010192.16.2.128192.16.2.1913531100000011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst192.16.2.160255.255.255.1921245616192216011000000000100000000001011

16、0000000001000000000010192.16.2.128192.16.2.1913541100000011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst192.16.2.160255.255.255.19212456161922160110000000001000000000010110000000001000000000010110000000001000000000010192.16.2.128192.16

17、.2.191192.16.2.129355110000001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst192.16.2.160255.255.255.192124567161922160110000000001000000000010110000000001000000000010110000000001000000000010192.16.2.128192.16.2.191192.16.2.1293

18、5611000000111111111100000000010000111111110001000011111111000000101010000011000000100000000000001011000000000100000000001010111111110000000001000000000010 1000000111000000000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst192.16.2.160255.255.255.192124567161922160192.16.2.128192.16.2.191192.16.

19、2.129192.16.2.190357IP Host Address:172.16.2.121Subnet Mask:255.255.255.0NetworkSubnetHost10101100000100000000001011111111172.16.2.121:255.255.255.0:1010110011111111Subnet:1010110000010000000100001111111100000010000000101111111101111001 0000000000000000Broadcast:Network5811111000IP Host Address:192.

20、168.5.121Subnet Mask:255.255.255.248NetworkSubnet Host192.168.5.121:1100000011111111Subnet:1100000010101000101010001111111100000101000001011111111101111001 01111000255.255.255.248:Broadcast:NetworkNetwork1100000010101000000001010111111159地址地址子网掩码子网掩码类别类别子网子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.25

21、5.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.060地址地址子网掩码子网掩码类别类别子网子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.16.010.30.36.061地址地址类别类别子网子网广播地址广播地址201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248子网掩码子网掩码15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252153.50.6.27 255.255.255.12862地址地址类

22、别类别子网子网广播地址广播地址子网掩码子网掩码153.50.6.127C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12B153.50.6.0201.222.10.60 255.255.255.24815.16.193.6 255.255.248.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252153.50.6.27 255.255.255.1286364656667686970 192.60.128.0 (192.60.10000000.00000000)192.60.129.0

23、 (192.60.10000001.00000000)192.60.130.0 (192.60.10000010.00000000)192.60.131.0 (192.60.10000011.00000000)-192.60.128.0/22(192.60.10000000.00000000)192.60.131.255(192.60.10000011.11111111)超网地址：超网地址：广播地址：广播地址：71 四个四个C类地址可以用：类地址可以用：192.60.128.0,netmask 255.255.252.0来标识来标识网络掩码可以用前面的为网络掩码可以用前面的为1的比特的个数来描

24、述：的比特的个数来描述：192.60.128.0 netmask 255.255.252.0192.60.128.0/22727378220168011011100010011100000000010101010220.78.171.0220.78.172.0220.78.170.0220.78.173.0220.78.174.0110111000100111000000000101010111101110001001110000000001010110011011100010011100000000010101101110111000100111000000000101011101101110001001110000000001010100025525524807475768000:123:4567:89AB:CDEF128.0.0.0 .0.0 .0.0 .1.35 .69.103.137.171.205.23977787980818283848586