2023人教版英语八年级下册 Unit 3 单词用法 课件.pptx

1、U 3单词用法1.rubbish rb n.垃圾，废弃物take out the rubbish 倒垃圾你去倒一下垃圾好吗？Could you please take out the rubbish?take out带出去，取出(动副短语)take out a piece of paper=take a piece of paper outtake it/them out.take.out of把从拿出由take构成的短语：take a walk散步 take away拿走，取走 take turns to do sth 轮流做.take a look 看一看 take back收回 take

2、 down 取下take care of 照顾；照料 take off脱下；起飞 take ones time 不着急，慢慢来 take the bus(ship/train.)乘公共汽车（船/火车.）2.fold fld v.对折，折叠fold(v.)折叠；对折-folded折叠你的衣服。Fold your clothes.3.mess mes名词，意为“杂乱，不整洁”(be)in a mess乱糟糟，一团糟，乱七八糟,处境狼狈 Eg.The room is in a mess.make a mess 弄得一团糟，弄得很乱Eg.The kids made a mess in the bedr

3、oom.【拓展】messy-形容词，意为“凌乱的，散乱的，肮脏的”Eg.The room is so messy.这房间又脏又乱。4.throw 扔;掷-threw-thrown throw to 扔向,只表示方向 throw at 朝扔,（恶意，带攻击性）throw sth.to sb.=throw sb.sth.将某物扔给某人 Eg.我扔了一支铅笔给她。I threw a pencil to her.他用石头砸我。He threw a stone at me.throw away 扔掉(动副短语)throw the rubbish 扔垃圾5.all the time 一直;一向;总是Eg.

4、The baby cries all the time.那婴儿一直哭。Things are changing all the time.事情一直在变化。always表示“总是”，位于实义动词前，助动词、情态动词和系动词之后【含time的短语】on time 按时 at the same time 同时 in time 及时 from time to time偶尔 for the first time第一次 at times不时;有时;偶尔 6.neitherai(1)Neither(of)+n.作主语时，作主语时谓语动词单复均可。例如：Neither of the two boys likes

5、 playing football.(2)Neither.nor.既不.也不.当链接两个并列主语时，谓语动词通常要与nor后面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致，即该结构要用就近原则。例如：Neither you nor he is going to the party.你不去参加聚会，他也不去。(3)副词,意为“也不”。Neither倒装句的基本结构是:Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语放在句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物,句子须采用部分倒装。此时也可用nor替换neither使用。I cant swim.我不会游泳。Neither can I.(=I can

6、t,either)我也不会。I dont like this dress.我不喜欢这件连衣裙。Neither/Nor do I.我也不喜欢。so倒装句:So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语,意思是“主语也是如此”Kate likes watching TV.So does his sister.凯特喜欢看电视。她的妹妹也喜欢。-Jim is a student.-So am I.7.as soon as意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句，相当于the minute(that).Eg.I want to see him as soon as he arrives.他一到，我就要见他。8.passa

7、:(v.)-passed/pa:st/(1)经过，路过I passed the post office on my way home.(2)传递pass sb.sth.=pass sth.to sb.递给某人某物Please pass me that ball.(3)通过Luckily,all of us have passed the final exam.9.borr br意为“借，借入”。-borrowedborrow sth.from sb.向某人借东西。(2)lend 意为“借出”-lentlend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.把东西借给别人。Eg.Can you

8、lend me some money?【注意】borrow,lend都是非延续性动词，如果表示“借多长时间”要用keep。(3)keep意为“保存、保留”，用于表示借用的时间长度,可以和表示时间段的时间状语及how long等连用。-How long can I keep the book?-You can keep it for a week.辨析：borrow/keep/lend-Can I _ your book?-Of course,and I will _ you my textbook.You can _ it for two days.borrowlendkeep10.house

9、work与chorehousework与chore都可指“家庭杂务;日常零星工作”,也就是所谓的“家务活”,只是chore为可数名词,housework为不可数名词。如:我妈妈喜欢做家务事。My mother likes doing chores.我经常帮助妈妈做家务。I often help my mother with housework.11.stress精神压力;心理负担。侧重指承受外来的压力,也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张。考试之前他的压力非常大。Eg.He had a lot of stress before the test.too much stress 太多

10、的压力太多的压力对你的健康有害。Eg.Too much stress is bad for your health.（be）under stress/pressure 在压力之下人在压力之下做事情很容易出差错。Eg.Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.under the stress of 在的压力下有些年轻人承受着现代生活的压力。Eg.Some young people are under the stress of the modern life.place/lay/put stress on 重视,强调。Eg.I

11、 think many teachers put too much stress on grades of the students.我认为许多老师对学生的成绩过分强调。【stressed】-be stressed out 有压力的12.waste weist（1）作名词,表示“浪费;滥用”,不可数名词,但可连用不定冠词。a waste of.浪费.Its a waste of your time talking to him.你和他谈话是白费时间。（2）作动词,表示“浪费”,注意以下句型与结构:waste time/money on sth,表示“在方面浪费时间(金钱)”。I dont th

12、ink we need waste much time on this.我想我们不必在这上面浪费时间了。waste time/money(in)doing sth,表示“浪费时间(金钱)做某事”。We wasted two hours(in)repairing the car.我们浪费了两个小时修理汽车。（3）作名词，“废物；垃圾”The waste in the sea caused the whales death.（4）作形容词，“无用的，废弃的，丢弃的”waste water 废水 Dont throw waste things around.不要到处丢废弃物。13.provide p

13、rvaidV.“提供,供给,供应”providesproviding（现在分词）provided（过去式）provided（过去分词）provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物后援队及时给我们提供了食物和衣服。Eg.The support team provided food and clothes for us in time.=The support team provided us with food and clothes in time.【辨析：provide与offer】(1)provide指有远见,为应付意外、紧急情况等做好充分

14、准备而“供给、提供”,可用于provide sb with sth或provide sth for sb 结构。如:学校为学生提供伙食。The school provided food for the students.他们为我们提供所需要的所有书籍。They provided us with all the books we need.(2)offer侧重表示“愿意给予”,常用于offer sb sth或offer to do sth(主动提出做某事)结构,后不能接宾语从句。她给我端了杯茶。She offered me a cup of tea.他主动提出代替我去。He offered to

15、 go instead of me.我的老师经常在我困难的时候给我提供帮助。My teacher often _ me _ help when Im in trouble.providewith14.anywayeniwei anyway adv.而且，加之 若位于句首,其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论,相当于汉语的“反正;仍然;依然”。萨姆没有得到那份工作,但他并没有闷闷不乐,反正薪酬也不算高。e.g.:Sam didnt get the job,but hes not unhappy because it didnt pay well anyw

16、ay.anyway还可用来表示“不管怎样;无论如何”之意。这只不过是感冒,但不管怎样,你还是应该看看医生.e.g.:Its just a cold.But anyway,you should still see the doctor.15.depend 依靠;信赖,常与介词on搭配depend on 依靠，依赖Eg.I have no one but you to depend on.除了你，我没有可依赖的人。depend on 取决于；视.而定-be up toEg.It depends on where you live.Everything depends on if you study

17、 hard.一切取决于你是否努力学习。-independent (adj.)独立的，自主的。learn to be independent 学会独立an independent country 一个独立的国家-(n.)independence 独立，自主，独立性develop childrens independence 培养孩子们的独立性16.develop】V.“发展;壮大”-develops-developed-developingdeveloping adj.发展中的developing countries 发展中国家develop childrens independence 培养孩

18、子们的独立性develop a good habit培养一个好习惯developed adj.先进的，发达的，经济发达的development n.发展，发育，成长 He is busy with the development of his business.他正忙于发展他的业务。with the development of.随着.的发展 Eg.With the development of science and technology,China becomes stronger and stronger.17.fairness 名词,“公正性;公平合理性；公平；正义”Fairness

19、is important to us.fair“公平的；合理的”unfair “不公平的”its fair/unfair for sb.to do sth.18.since 的用法:(1)连词,“由于;因为；既然”,引导原因状语从句。-比because更正式由于懒惰,他没有完成作业。Since he was lazy,he didnt finish his homework.Since these clothes are too small for you,why not give them away?(2)连词,“从以后;自以来”,引导时间状语从句。用于现在完成时since+过去时的句子si

20、nce+过去的时间点since+一段时间+ago我从小时候就住在这里。I have stayed here _.他们从两年前起就住在那间房子里。They have lived in that house _.since I was a childsince two years ago19.neighbor(n.)“邻居”Eg.She is my new neighbor.-neighborhood(n.)街区；邻区in the neighborhood在小区里child-childhood 儿童-童年20.drop不及物动词,有“落下;掉下”之意。-dropped-droppingThe ap

21、ple dropped from the tree to the ground.苹果从树上掉到地上。The flowers are beginning to drop.花儿开始凋落了。The ball dropped out of his hand.球从他手里掉了下来。【拓展】drop可作及物动词,意思是“使掉下,使落下”。如:Mary dropped the glass on the floor.玛丽失手把玻璃杯掉在地板上。辨析：drop与fall(1)表示从高处往下掉或降,两者有时可互换。如:The temperature has dropped/fallen.气温降低了。(2)fall表

22、示“落下”,多指无意识的行为,有自然坠落之意,且通常是不及物动词;drop 既可指无意的行为,即表示“落下”(不及物动词),也可指有意的行为,即表示“投下”(及物动词)。如:He dropped the letter into the mail-box.他把信投入信箱。(不宜用fall)21.while ai（1）when和while引导时间状语从句均表示“当时候”，when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生。while表示时间段，强调同时性或某时间段内一种情况发生时另一种情况

23、出现,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。while强调两个动作同时发生，表示“一边一边”。Eg.You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。当老师进来时,我们正在说话。When the teacher came in,we were talking.（2）while还可以表示对比或转折,意为“而;然而”。此时,while一般位于句中。Some people waste food while others dont have enough.你喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。You

24、 like sports,while I prefer music.I like coffee _ my sister likes tea。whilewas studying22.in order to 目的是，为了 in order to do=so as to=to do表目的He got up early to catch the early bus.=He got up early in order to catch the early bus.in order that “目的是，为了”，后面跟目的状语从句。in order that=so that后接目的状语从句He got up early so that(=in order that)he could catch the early bus.重点短语1.为了保持健康，你得更多锻炼。_ _ _ keep healthy,you have to exercise more.2.地球上的一切生长依靠太阳。Everything on the earth _ _ the sun for their growth.In order todepends on