英国文学史《西风颂》Ode-to-the-West-Wind赏析课件.ppt
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1、A1Percy Bysshe ShelleyPercy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)Ode to the West WindA2 A man,to be greatly good,must imagine intensely and comprehensively;he must put himself in the place of another and of many others.The pains and pleasures of his species must become his own.The great instrument of moral good
2、 is the imagination;and Poetry strengthens the faculty which is the organ of the moral nature of man,in the same manner as exercise strengthens a limb.Percy Bysshe ShelleyA3Ode to the West Wind:Notes Written in the Autumn,1819,and published in the following year,this poem has become one of the most
3、popular and best-known of Shelleys verses.In a note Shelley outlined the circumstances behind the poems making:A4 This poem was conceived and chiefly written in a wood that skirts the Arno,near Florence,and on a day when the tempestuous wind,whose temperature is at once mild and animating,was collec
4、ting the vapours which pour down the autumnal rains.They began,as I foresaw,at sunset with a violent tempest of hail and rain,attended by that magnificent thunder and lightning peculiar to the Cisalpine regions.Ode to the West Wind:NotesA5 O wild West Wind,thou breath of Autumns being,Thou,from whos
5、e unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven,like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,Yellow,and black,and pale,and hectic red,Pestilence-stricken multitudes:O thou,Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds,where they lie cold and low,Each like a corpse within its grave,until Thine azure
6、 sister of the Spring shall blow Her clarion oer the dreaming earth,and fill(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)With living hues and odours plain and hill:Wild Spirit,which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and preserver;hear,O hear!A6 Thou on whose stream,mid the steep skys commotion,Loose
7、 clouds like earths decaying leaves are shed,Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,Angels of rain and lightning:there are spread On the blue surface of thine airy surge,Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad,even from the dim verge Of the horizon to the zeniths
8、 height The locks of the approaching storm.Thou dirge Of the dying year,to which this closing night Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,Vaulted with all thy congregated might Of vapours,from whose solid atmosphere Black rain,and fire,and hail will burst:O hear!A7 Thou who didst waken from his summe
9、r dreams The blue Mediterranean,where he lay,Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams,Beside a pumice isle in Baiaes bay,And saw in sleep old palaces and towers Quivering within the waves intenser day,All overgrown with azure moss and flowers So sweet,the sense faints picturing them!Thou For wh
10、ose path the Atlantics level powers Cleave themselves into chasms,while far below The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear The sapless foliage of the ocean,know Thy voice,and suddenly grow grey with fear,And tremble and despoil themselves:O hear!A8 If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;If I w
11、ere a swift cloud to fly with thee;A wave to pant beneath thy power,and share The impulse of thy strength,only less free Than thou,O uncontrollable!If even I were as in my boyhood,and could be The comrade of thy wanderings over heaven,As then,when to outstrip the skyey speed Scarce seemed a vision;I
12、 would neer have striven As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.Oh!lift me as a wave,a leaf,a cloud!I fall upon the thorns of life!I bleed!A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed One too like thee:tameless,and swift,and proud.A9 Make me thy lyre,even as the forest is:What if my leaves are
13、 falling like its own!The tumult of thy mighty harmonies Will take from both a deep,autumnal tone,Sweet though in sadness.Be thou,Spirit fierce,My spirit!Be thou me,impetuous one!Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth;And,by the incantation of this verse
14、,Scatter,as from an unextinguished hearth Ashes and sparks,my words among mankind!Be through my lips to unawakened earth The trumpet of a prophecy!O,Wind,If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?A10O wild West Wind,thou breath of Autumns being,The West Wind is a manifestation of spiritual or superna
15、tural energy,associated with breath,respiration and inspiration,with pneuma and anima,the Holy Ghost or Spirit,the spirit of life itself.This is important in a stanza which contains so many references and allusions to death and decay,reaffirming the energy and vitality of the west wind.Apart from th
16、e alliteration it is also worth noting the capitalisation of West Wind in the poem.In typically Romantic fashion an abstract quality or aspect of Nature is personified and addressed in the poem,such that it appears divine or god-like,or as an expression of the divineA11Thou,from whose unseen presenc
17、e the leaves deadLeaves here refer to trees and the wind-borne seeds,but the phrase also carries associations with paper(leaves from books?),the withered leaves(and dead thoughts)referred to in stanza 5,which are driven across the universe by the power of the wind.The leaves here are dead and fall t
18、o the Earth,a recurrent theme in this stanza,but there they may give rise to new life.A12Are driven,like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,Helps build up the sense of death,and also life after death,which is brought about by Autumn,and by the west Wind.There are a number of images in this stanza whic
19、h help build up this sense of death,haunting and the sepulchre,such as Pestilence,dark wintry bed,cold and low,corpse within its grave,emphasizing the West Winds quality as a harbinger of Death.Emphasizes the supernatural power of the West Wind,holding the observer spell-bound,but remaining invisibl
20、e.Is the Wind here but the expression of this invisible and supernatural power,rather than the force itself?The reference to enchantment anticipates the next line and the references to the Pestilence-driven multitudes,hypnotised by the dance of Death and unable to resist its power.It is also worth n
21、oting that enchantment originally meant incantation,the singing or weaving of a spell,like the violent noise made by the wind itself.A13EnchanterGhostsA14Yellow,and black,and pale,and hectic red,Pestilence-stricken multitudes:O thou,Who chariotest to their dark wintry bedTo carry or steer,but with p
22、ossible associations of transport to the Underworld.Note that in this stanza there is recurrent emphasis on the Earth,as opposed to the Air in Stanza 2 and Water/Sea in Stanza 3.See also the line like a corpse within its grave,2 lines on.The colours of the leaves swept from the trees,but possible al
23、so a reference to the colours of the worlds races,swept away by the forces of Change and Destruction at work throughout the world,i.e.not just in Europe.The word hectic here means feverish,with its related associations of frenzy,energy and writhing,picked up in the next lines reference to Pestilence
24、,the Plague which destroys whole communities.A15The winged seeds,where they lie cold and low,Each like a corpse within its grave,untilThine azure sister of the Spring shall blowBorne by the air,these seeds fall to the earth and lie dormant,not dead,until awakened by the clarion call of Spring.azure
25、refers to the clear blue of the cloudless skies of Spring,but the phrase as a whole relates to the gentle west wind of Spring,more maternal than Autumns wind.At this point in the stanza there is a distinct shift in mood,anticipating the gentler and more pastoral time of Spring,with a noticeably more
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