historyofBritain英国历史课件.ppt

1、Part One History of Britain The Beginning of Britain1)the early British history is a history of _？A history of invasion2)Who invaded Britain？Roman Anglo-Saxon VikingNorman Introduction to British and American CultureThe Early Settlers(-55 B.C.)nWhat happened 8,000 years ago?Great Britain became an i

2、slandnWho were the early settlers?Celts the natives of Britain-BritonTheir featuresqtall and golden-haired qfrom Central Europe qfarmers(building villages&using iron weapons)qwarlike people Introduction to British and American CultureThe Celtic CivilizationnStonehengeAbout 5,000 years agoThe most fa

3、mous prehistoric monument and tourist attractionnCeltic languageRiver Thames London Introduction to British and American CultureRoman Britain(55 B.C.-410)Introduction to British and American CulturenRoman InvasionTimeInvaders155 B.C254 B.C343 A.D.Roman Emperor Julius CaesarRoman Emperor Julius Caesa

4、rRoman Emperor ClaudiusnI came,I saw,I conquered!CaesarnRoman Civilization The name of monthscome from the name of Roman gods Build towns,roads and temples&theater roads“All Roads Lead to Rome”Hadrians Wall Englands great wall protect the Roman Britain Introduction to British and American CultureAng

5、lo-Saxon Britain(410-871)nInvaders:The Anglo-Saxons of The Angle,Saxon,and Jute tribes in northern Germany and Denmark.nTime:5th and 6th centuriesnWhy did they invade?the climate and land in Britain is better than that in their hometown Introduction to British and American CultureAnglo-Saxon Britain

6、(410-871)nContribution 1)They are the forefather of English.2)Anglo-Saxons language-old English the land of Anglo-Saxon-Angle-land-England3)By the end of the 7th century,all England had been ChristianizedAnglo-Saxon Britain(410-871)nContribution 4)Westminster Abbey Built by King EdwardA religious si

7、te One of the oldest buildings A living monument to British historyChurch of England Royal Peculiar”Introduction to British and American CultureKing Arthur(871-1042)nThe best-known English legend the leader of“Round table”Knight1)Time:During Anglo-Saxon invasion period2)Contribution of King Arthur:U

8、nited the British Isles Drove the Saxons back Introduction to British and American CultureOnly the king can take the sword from the stoneHeptarchy 七国时代Viking BritainnInvadesVikings Norsemen From Denmark nWho fought against Vikings?Alfred the Great-the Saxon KingnResult:Ruled England from1017 to 1041

9、 Introduction to British and American CultureAnglo-Saxon Britain(410-871)nContribution 4)Westminster Abbey Built by King Edward-Edward ConfessorA religious site One of the oldest buildings A living monument to British historyChurch of England Royal Peculiar”Introduction to British and American Cultu

10、reNorman Conquest(1066)nSignificance The best-known event in English historynWhoDuke William of Normandy,from northern FrancenReason declared Edward had promised to let him be the kingnEventWilliam crowned in Westminster became the king-This invasion is called Norman Conquest Introduction to British

11、 and American CultureInfluence of Norman ConquestnLanguage qFrench replaced English as the language of the ruling upper classes.n ArchitectureqThe Tower of London-The most famous castlenSocietyMarked the establishment of feudalism in England Introduction to British and American CultureRobin HoodnEng

12、lands best-loved legend nHeroic Saxon noblemen oppressed by the Normans nrobbing from the rich to give to the poor.nSimilar to Chinese famous novel-Outlaw of Marshes Introduction to British and American CultureInvasion Time Invaders43 A.D.5th century8th centur1066The RomansThe Anglo-SaxonsThe Viking

13、sThe NormansFeudal Britain nThe Hundred Years WarnThe Wars of the RosesThe hundred Years War is between _ and _The War of the Roses is between _ and _EnglandFranceHouse of LancasterHouse of YorkHouse of Plantagenet金雀花王朝Henry Richard the LionheartEdward IThe Hundred Years WarnDefinitionA series of wa

14、rs between England and FrancenReason:Edward III wanted to be the king of FrancenWho won the war?FrancenFamous peopleJoan of Arc -French heroinehelped France win a number of victoriesThe Hundred Years WarCommentnthe longest war in the world for 116 years.nIt was a disaster for the people.Both of thei

15、r economy was deeply damaged.nLost the land in FrancenThe war wake up the peoples national consciousness,raised the national spirit.nThe ruling Normans began to regard England as their homenHelping English language to be reestablished as the official languageThe Wars of the RosesnDefinitionA series

16、of civil wars between supporters of Lancaster and York nReasonthe Duke of York tried to displace the Lancaster king,Henry VI.fighting for power,wealth and ThronenWho won the war?Henry Tudor -Henry-The descendant of the House of LancasterThe Wars of the RosesCommentndestructive to the noble housesnth

17、e decline of feudalism ngive rise to textile industrynThe kings power became supremeThe Beginning of the Modern World Ruling HousesRuling PeriodHouse of Tudor1485-1603House of Stuart1603-1649House of Stuart(restored)1660-1714House of Hanover1714-1910How many houses ruled Britain from the 16th centur

18、y to 20 century?The Beginning of the Modern World House of TudorHouse of TudorHouse of Stuart House of HanoverThe four famous monarchsHenry VIIIElizabeth I Charles I Queen VictoriaHenry VIII(1509-1547)nSignificant event qreligious reformation-Established the Church of EnglandnReason qHenry wanted to

19、 divorce and have a son.nResult Married six timesnContributionqLeft England strong and free to make her way in a new world Introduction to British and American CultureElizabeth I(1553-1603)nComment qHer rulling time is the Golden Age of Britith History-Elizabetha eraqknown as Virgin QueennSignifican

20、t eventsqThe English navy defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588 qThe first settler sent to America start the colonial empireqThe flourishing of English dramaShakespeare was in this period Introduction to British and American CultureCharles I(1625-1649)nSignificant event qThe Civil WarnReasonqBelieved“

21、Divine right of Kings”qBad relationship with ParliamentnResultq be executed(the first king）Introduction to British and American CultureCivil WarnNatureqRoundheads(supporters of Parliament)and the Cavaliers(supporters of the King).nReason Charles I arrested five leading members of the ParliamentnInfl

22、uenceqThe execution of Charles IqCharles was driven outqMonarchy was abolished,Commonwealth of England was establishedQueen Victoria(1837-1901)nCommentqThe last monarch of Hanoverqthe second longest reign in British HistorynContribution qBritain became the most powerful and richest country in the wo

23、rldqGreat change in the lives of British peopleqBritish Empire reached its highest point and was called“the Empire on which the sun never sets”Introduction to British and American CultureBritain in World War I nBefore war:largest colonial empire-a quarter of the worlds landnAfter war:q VictoryqA hug

24、e national debt qLost her sea supremacyqOvertaken by the United State Introduction to British and American CultureBritain in World War II nAfter war:q The era of Empire was overqBorrowed large amounts of debt from the United States and Canada.qEconomy slid from the 2nd largest economy to the 6th in

25、the world.q lost most of her colonies Introduction to British and American CultureTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1.In 43 A.D.Roman Emperor Julius Caesar invaded England.2.The month“July”,in fact,is named after Julius Caesar himself.3.The best-known English legend,King

26、 Arthur,derives from the Anglo-Saxons time.4.Robin Hood is a story about the Viking invasion of England.5.In the early stage of the Hundred Years War,the English won great victories.FTTFTTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.6.The ruling Normans regarded England as their hom

27、e after the Hundred Years War.7.Henry VII ended the Wars of the Roses and founded the Tudor Monarchy.8.English drama flourished during Elizabeth I era.9.Oliver Cromwell believed in the old theory“Divine right of Kings”10.After World War II,the British economy became the 2nd largest power in the worl

28、d.TTTFFFill in the blanks with the correct information.1.The golden-haired _ are the natives of Britain Island,who were later called the Briton.2.In 55 and 43 A.D.Britain was twice invaded by the _ people.3.The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in _ century.4.In the late 8th century they exper

29、ienced _ invasion from Denmark and in _ they suffered Norman Conquest.5.Joan of Arc is a famous national heroine of French in the _.CeltsRomans5thViking1066Hundred Years WarFill in the blanks with the correct information.6.The War of Roses was fought between the House of _and House of Lancaster.7.Th

30、e direct cause of King Henry VIIIs Religious Reformation was to _ his wife.8.Charles I ruled the country without Parliament for _ years.9._ was also known as the“Virgin Queen”and_ had the second longest rule in English history.10.After World War I,Britain was overtaken by_.Yorkdivorce11Elizabeth IQu

31、een VictoriaAmericaChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1.Which of the following is a famous prehistoric monument?(a)Stonehenge(b)Hadrians Wall(c)Westminster Abby(d)Tower of London 2._ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(a)The Romans(b)The A

32、nglo-Saxons(c)The Vikings(d)The NormansABChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.3.Which of the following is NOT part of Britains civilization brought by Roman invasion?(a)The names of English month came from Roman gods and rulers.(b)They built towns,temples and roads.(c

33、)They built the Hardins Wall.(d)They built Westminster Abby.4.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of _.(a)Roman invasion(b)Anglo-Saxons invasion(c)Viking invasion(d)Norman ConquestDCChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.5.The Tower of London,located in the centre o

34、f London,was built by_.(a)King Harold(b)Robin Hood(c)Oliver Cromwell(d)William the Conqueror 6.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of _.(a)the House of York(b)the House of Lancaster(c)the House of Tudor(d)the House of StuartDCChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in t

35、he text.7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between _.(a)Nobles and peasants(b)Roundheads and the Cavaliers(c)Charles I and the Cavaliers(d)House of York and House of Lancaster8.Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the British Civil War?(a)Charles I was executed.(b)Charles II was exiled.(c)The Commonwealth of England was formed.(d)The Stuart kingdom was restored.BD