Iceberg-Principle冰山原则课件.ppt
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- Iceberg Principle 冰山 原则 课件
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1、Iceberg Principle冰山原则Iceberg Principle“冰山原则冰山原则”创作理论创作理论 Outline1234 Origin and Definition Background Methods and Representative examples Development and InfluenceOrigin and Definition1Origin If a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about,he may omit things that he knows and the reade
2、r,if the writer is writing truly enough,will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.A writer who omits things because he dose not know them only makes hollow places in hi
3、s writing.-Ernest Hemingway in the Death in the AfternoonDefinitionThe theory of omission 所谓“冰山原则”,就是用简洁的文字塑造出鲜明的形象,把自身的感受和思想情绪最大限度的埋藏在形象之中,使之情感充沛却含而不露、思想深沉而隐而不晦,从而将文学的可感性与可思性巧妙的结合起来,让读者对鲜明形象的感受去发掘作品的思想意义。Definition 简洁的文字、鲜明的形象、丰富的情感和深刻简洁的文字、鲜明的形象、丰富的情感和深刻的思想的思想是构成”冰山原则”的四个基本要素。具体地说,文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一”,
4、而情感和思想是所谓的“八分之七”。前两者是具体可见的,后两者是寓于前两者之中的。文字塑造了形象,形象包含了情感,而情感之中蕴涵着思想。诚然,就一般文学作品而言,这四个要素都是必不可少的,但在海明威的作品中显得尤为突出,因为他强调了情感和思想的含蓄性。Background 2BackgrounduThe need to completely change the florid style of literature in the 19th century Victorian era.uHemingways years life experiences and his way of thinkin
5、g about lives.In Hemingways point of view,wars,succeeded by an unstable society,brought about unprecedented disasters to human beings.Wars contributed to Hemingways basic views on the human society and as well set a dull and gloomy tone for his early works.Backgroundu Being a reporter laid a good fo
6、undation for Hemingways“iceberg principle”.His terseness and accuracy had some in common with the language used in news report.Nevertheless,he didnt lose his personality in such a strict regulations of words,on the contrary he created his own special language style.Methods and Reprezentative Example
7、s3 MethodsKey words:u Symbolism-象征手法u Heimingways camera eye-镜头式描写u Man with an axe-拿着板斧的人(简练文风)简洁直白的文字塑造了形象,白描式的形象包含了丰富的情感,而情感之中蕴涵着深刻的思想。He emphasizes the role of implication,which is,in fact,the basis of his works,in which he would leave out essential information of the story under the belief that
8、 omission can sometimes add strength to a narrative.Hemingways genre of writing was short,terse,masculine and journalistic.But it conveyed more direct emotion,sincerity,realism and naturalism than any other writer.Methods1 1 作品构造与文字表达:作品构造与文字表达:u海明威的“冰山原则”首先表现在对语言的运用上,即简约简约的文字。的文字。在容易被读者察觉的“八分之一”的文字
9、表达里,客观的叙述,直观的描写,将文字节俭到吝啬的地步。在海明威的作品中,我们见不到过多的形容词、副词等修饰性言辞。他总是用近乎直白的描述,展示人物及人物的处境,利用名词的准确性和动词的生动性刻画其人物,使读者根据自身的经验及情感来填充作品的解读空间。u海明威从不写恢弘的长篇巨制,他的小说往往只截取故事的一个时段或者是一个时间点,以集中反映重大的主题或者历史事件,至于故事的经过和历史背景,则当做“冰山”的八分之七隐匿在洋面之下,但有让读者强烈的感受到他的存在。Methods2 2 情感表达与主题表达情感表达与主题表达 :u丰富的情感与深刻的思想是海明威冰山原则的“八分之七”所在,也是他作品的“
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