荷马史诗伊利亚德奥德赛IliadandOdyssey课堂课件.ppt
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- 史诗 伊利亚德奥德赛 IliadandOdyssey 课堂 课件
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1、1Iliad&Odyssey1 I l i a d&O d y s s e y2Outline?Homer in Ancient Greece?Themes and Persons?Illiad?Odyssey?Closing Thoughts2 O u t l i n e?H o me r i n A n c i e n t G r e e3Homer in Ancient Greece?Earliest Greek Literature Written c.750 BCE from oral trad.(c.1200 BCE)Recited by Rhapsodes Epic=dactyl
2、ic hexameter or long poem on war/myth?Cultural Importance for Greeks Taken as History Hellenic Unity Educational Texts3 H o me r i n A n c i e n t G r e e c e?E a r l i4Some Themes?Glories of War/Adventure Reasons for War Realistic Descriptions?Ideals of Heroism Aret,tim,and kleos Fate&Courage“shame
3、 culture”?Others Gods&Humans Individual vs.Society Word vs.Deed4 S o me T h e me s?G l o r i e s o f Wa r/A d5Greece and Trojan War5 G r e e c e a n d T r o j a n Wa r6AretExcellence,virtue,or what makes and individual the best or among the best;usually some combination of physical prowess&persuasiv
4、e speech or command.TimHonor,material symbol of status among others,usually capable of being taken away(prize,booty,trophies).KleosGlory or Fame,understood as public opinion,or what others say or remember.6 A r e t E x c e l l e n c e,v i r t u e,o r w7Persons in the Iliad?Acheans Achilles&Patrocles
5、 Agamemnon&Menalaos Odysseus,Ajax,Phoenix?Trojans Hector&Alexandros Priam,Helen,Andromache?Gods Zeus,Apollo,Aphrodite Athena,Hera,Thetis7 P e r s o n s i n t h e I l i a d?A c h e a n s 8Iliad(Book I)?Wrath of Achilles,Part I In medias res:Trojan War&Plague of Apollo Menis:Quarrel with Agamemnon?Con
6、sequences Thetis Supplication of Zeus Glimpse of Olympus?Is Achilles anger his own fault?8 I l i a d (B o o k I)?Wr a t h o f A c h i l9Thetis supplicant to Zeus9 T h e t i s s u p p l i c a n t t o Z e u s10Iliad(Book VI)?Behind the Walls of Troy Hector as Tragic Hero Women and Family Life Fate?Tro
7、y&Hector?Trojan Women?Is Hector a sympathetic hero?Why or why not?1 0 I l i a d (B o o k V I)?B e h i n d t h e W11Iliad(Book IX)?Embassy to Achilles Discourse among equals?Odysseus plea Phoenixs plea Ajaxs parting words?Is Achilles being unreasonable?Why or why not?1 1 I l i a d(B o o k I X)?E mb a
8、 s s y t o A c12Death and Heroism?The prospect of death drives the heroes to pursue tim(honor).?The hero is defined by his(her)action in the face of mortality,especially in combat or contests.?And resulting kleos(glory)is the heros only immortality.1 2 D e a t h a n d H e r o i s m?T h e p r o s p e
9、13Sarpedon declares to Glaukos(Book XII.322-28)“Man,supposing you and I,escaping this battle,would be able to live on forever,ageless,immortal,so neither would I myself go on fighting in the foremost nor would I urge you into the fighting where men win glory.But now,seeing that the spirits of death
10、stand close about us in their thousands,no man can turn aside nor escape them,let us go on and win glory for ourselves,or yield it to others.”1 3 S a r p e d o n d e c l a r e s t o G l a u k o s14Iliad(Book XXI)?Wrath of Achilles,Part II Death of Patrocles and Achilles Armor Death of Lycaon:a ruthl
11、ess death Death of Hector:revenge?Is Achilles anger inhuman?1 4 I l i a d(B o o k X X I)?Wr a t h o f A c h15Hector at the Gates of TroyAchilles was coming closer,like Enyalius,the warrior god of battle with the shining helmet.On his right shoulder he waved his dreadful spear made of Pelian ash.The
12、bronze around him glittered like a blazing fire or rising sun.At that moment,as he watched,Hector began to shake in fear.His courage gone,he could no longer stand there.Terrified,he started running,leaving the gate.Peleus son went after him,sure of his speed on foot.Just as a mountain falcon,the fas
13、test creature of all the ones which fly,swoops down easily on a trembling pigeon as it darts off in fear,the hawk speeding after it with piercing cries,heart driving it to seize the prey in just that way Achilles in his fury raced ahead1 5 H e c t o r a t t h e G a t e s o f T r o y 16Hector faces A
14、chillesWhen theyd approached each other,at close quarters,great Hector of the shining helmet spoke out first:Ill no longer try to run away from you,son of Peleus,as I did before,goingthree times in flight around Priams great city.I lacked the courage then to fight with you,as you attacked.But my hea
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