《综合篇之汉译英》课件.ppt

1、 四级试卷上的翻译部分需要5分钟处理5个句子，说其简单无非有三：其一，考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。其二，内容单纯，不需要专业理论知识。只是一般的短句翻译。第三，名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，其中隐含着四级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。所以考生只要掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，熟悉各种句子结构,就能得高分。四级汉译英命题趋势和复习要点四级汉译英命题趋势和复习要点 如何在冲刺阶段复习翻译题型呢？又如何在考试中取得高分呢？送给大家16个字：立足真题，挖掘考点，回顾过去，胸有成竹。近几次的翻译题型主要有三翻译

2、题型主要有三大考点：大考点：1.固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点，应该引起考生的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这些都可能成为本次考试的命题重点。例1：By contrast,American mothers were more likely _(把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.(大纲样题)。【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth;2)owe.to/attribute.to(把.归因于)

3、2.核心语法考点：这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，这一点要引起同学的重视，因为考点是一致的。核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等。例1：The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.【考点剖析】本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。Require后面接从句的时候，一定会虚拟语气，语法结构为require that+sb+should+动词原形。例2：Not only _(他向我收费过高),but he didnt do a good repair job ei

4、ther(大纲样题)【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握情况。句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。所以答案应该为did he overcharge me。3.核心动词以及动词短语的考查。例1：Though a skilled worker,_(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.【考点剖析】本题的重要考点就是考生对“解雇”这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有dismiss,discharge,fire等。解题技巧及冲刺备考建议解题技巧及冲

5、刺备考建议(P136138)考生做题时应注意以下几个步骤：1.通读全句，确定翻译部分的语法结构。在快速浏览句子时，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。所谓形式包括：词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等）；虚拟；被动所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。2.看括号里面的汉语句子，选择适当的词汇和表达手段，注意按照英语的逻辑思维来安排句子顺序。以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。3.先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。4.完成题目后，检查时态、语态、主谓、单复数、拼写是否有误。在了解

6、新四级翻译的核心考点及常见错误之后，就应该明确在冲刺阶段如何备考，如何应对了。下面给大家提五条冲刺备考建议：1.在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。2.绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点。3.多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。4.强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。5.深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。总之，做好翻译题重在平时对知识的积累，所以对于一些四级必须掌握的高频词汇与惯用句

7、型要熟记于心，如：preferrather than;instead of;for fear that等。当然，在完成这部分题目时，考生也必须注意避免产生其他主观题解题也会存在的问题，如字迹潦草、书写不规范、拼写错误等。目前，全国越来越多的四六级考试阅卷点已经采用电子阅卷，即主观题试卷扫描后在电脑上进行阅卷，因此，考生在完成主观题时必须特别注意字迹清晰工整，避免非战斗性损失的发生。真题详解：真题详解：2006.12 1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to(适应不同文化中的生活).第一步：由it is n

8、ot easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。第二步：划分成分“适应不同文化的生活”核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语。第三步：1.切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt;adapt to;adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different cultures 2.重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures 正确答案正确答案：adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures 考察知识点考察知识点：词组固定搭配词

9、组固定搭配adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“适应适应-”2.Since my childhood I have found that(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).第一步：由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出，划线处应该填写一个句子，时态需要根据后面的汉语意思作进一步的确定。第二步：划分成分“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力”核心谓语动词是“比-更有吸引力”，“没有什么”作主语，“读书”作宾语，“对我”作状语。第三步：1.切块对应翻译：“比-更有吸引力”=be more attractive to sb，“没有什么”=no

10、thing，“读书”=reading，“对我”=for/to me。2.重新组合：nothing is more attractive to me than reading 正确答案正确答案：nothing is more attractive to me than reading 考察知识点考察知识点：比较级比较级nothing+比较级比较级=最高级；时最高级；时态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在是即可。是即可。3.The victim(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in tim

11、e.第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来”核心谓语动词是“本来有机会-”，“活下来”作宾语 第三步：1.切块对应翻译：“本来有机会-”=would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive 2.重新组合：would have a chance to su

12、rvive.正确答案正确答案：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival 考察知识点考察知识点：虚拟语气虚拟语气与过去相反的虚拟与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用语气，从句用had done，主句用，主句用would have done有机会做某事：有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth 4.Some psychologists claim that people(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).第一步：由Some psychologists claim that people.可以推出，划线处应该填写

13、谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。第二步：划分成分“出门在外时可能会感到孤独”核心谓语动词是“可能会感到”，“孤独”作宾语，“出门在外时”作状语。第三步：1.切块对应翻译：“可能会感到”=may feel，“孤独”=lonely，“出门在外时”be away from home.2.重新组合：may feel lonely when they are away from home.正确答案正确答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home.考察知识点考察知识点：词性辨析词性辨析 lonely.adj.孤独的、寂孤独的、寂寞的；

14、寞的；alone.adj.独自的独自的难难 点点：“出门在外出门在外”的翻译。的翻译。When they are not in their hometown 5.The nations population continues to rise(以每年1200万人的速度).第一步：由The nations population continues to rise.可以推出，划线处应该填写状语或补语。第二步：划分成分“以每年1200万人的速度”词组固定搭配“以-的速度”，“每年”作状语，“1200万人”作定语。第三步：1.切块对应翻译：“以-的速度”=at a speed of-，“每年”=per

15、 year，“1200万人”12 million.2.重新组合：at a speed of 12 million per year.正确答案正确答案：at a speed of 12 million per year 考察知识点考察知识点：词组固定搭配词组固定搭配 at a speed of-“以以-的速度的速度”；注意：；注意：million不加不加s 总结：总结：汉译英题目一般比较简单，一般三至五分钟即可答完，但是千万不要掉以轻心，要看完整所翻译短句的前后句子，注意时态、语法等问题，短语考查比较多。其实翻译题目只要大家语法基本过关，这类题目基本上是送分题，大家只要沉着应战肯定能得到这部分的

16、高分。模拟题分析 1._（我没有买到一张好票）for yesterdays movie.2.Its confirmed that _（铁路将延伸到我们村子）.3.The new manager of our company _（有很强的事业心）.4.How close parents are to their children_ _(有很强的影响)the character of the children.5._（学生们应该从这里得出一条经验）：Dont be misled by false appearances.1.I didnt buy a good seat 解析：题中“好票”是一个干

17、扰项，是典型的汉语表达。“没有买到一张好票”实际上是说“没有买到好座位”，因此不能译成I didnt buy a good ticket。2.the railway will be extended to our village 解析：本题考查英语被动语态的翻译。虽然原中文句给出了主动语态，但在这里主动语态表示被动含义。因为铁路不可能自己延伸，延伸铁路的必定是人。再如：这个问题已经解决了。（The problem has been solved.）3.is a man of great enterprise 解析：本题也有很强的干扰性。考生易译成has a strong heart of ca

18、reer，这种翻译看起来与中文对应，实际上不能被接受，而且完全背离了原文的意思。“很强的事业心”有自己固定说法：sb.of great enterprise，也可以说成：be self-motivated and result-oriented。4.has a strong influence/effect on 解析：本题是对常用动词词组的考查。5.Students should draw/learn a lesson here 解析：本题意为：学生们应该从这里得出一条经验：不要被假象所迷惑。看到“经验”一词，大多考生会反应出experience，但根据全句意思可知，“经验”两字在这里并不是

19、指取得成功之后所积累的经验，而是指从错误和失败中得出的教训。Lesson表示教训、惩戒、训诫等，在译文中能准确传递原文的内涵。实战训练1:He has done so much for the poor in his community that _(再怎么赞扬他都不过分).2:The spokesman admitted that the governments thoughtless policy had caused a crisis that _(根本就不该发生).3:Teamwork has helped him to advance his new theory which _(似

20、乎已走进死胡同).4:He was disabled from birth,but he never felt frustrated,_(也从未屈服于任何困难).5:For the sake of his safety,the government asked him not to take part in social activities,_(但他却置若罔闻).1:you cannot praise him too much 2:it shouldnt have happened/taken place 3:seems to have come into a dead end/blind

21、alley 4:and never yielded to any difficulties as well 5:but he turned a deaf ear to it/treated its advice with indifference6Over a third of the population was estimated_(无法获得)to the health service.7.Although punctual himself,the professor was quite used_(习惯了学生迟到)his lecture.8.The price of beer_(从50美

22、分到4美元不等)per liter during the summer season.9.Wed like _(预订一张餐桌)five for dinner this evening.10.Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻烦).6.to have no access7.to students being late for8.ranges/varies from 50 cents to$49.to reserve a table for10.to make troub

23、le 11.It may be necessary to stop_(每隔时间)in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.12.The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(伤害自己).13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_(忙着准备)her examination.14.The ships generator bro

24、ke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作)instead of mechanically.15.Why didnt you tell me you could me the money?I_(本来不必从银行借钱的）16By the time you get to New York,I_(已经动身去)London.17.Buying clothes_(是一件很耗时的工作),because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.18.Its time_(采取措施)ab

25、out the traffic problem downtown.19.When I was very young,I was terribly frightened of school,but I soon_(克服了这种心理).20.Please dont stand in the kitchen,youre_（挡路了）.21There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone _(打扰我)that evening.22._(正是由于她太没有经验)that she does not know how to deal with

26、 the situation.23.When I _(发现他骗我)I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.24.The manager would rather his daughter_(不在一个办公室内工作).25.The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_(最终因天气不好而取消了).26I_(将在做实验)from three to five this afternoon.27.How close parents are to th

27、eir children_ _(有很强的影响)the character of the children.28.But for his help,I _(我不可能这么早完成).29.His remarks left me _(想知道他的真实目的).30.Mark often_(试图逃脱罚款)whenever he breaks traffic regulations.31If this cant be settled reasonably,it may be necessary to_(诉助武力).32.The room is in a terrible mess;it _（肯定没打扫过）.3

28、3.Everybody knows he_（受到了冤枉指控）.34.He wears a pair of sunglasses_（惟恐被别人认出来）.35.She never dreams of _(被派到国外).36.If you wont agree to our plan,_(他们也不会同意).37.I should say Henry is _(与其说是个作家不如说是)as a reporter.38._(信不信由你),his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.39.If you dont like to swim,y

29、ou _(不妨待在家里).40.Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you_(弄脏了新地毯).41Frankly speaking,Id rather you _(不采取任何措施)about it for the time being.42.In the Chinese household,grandparents and other relatives_(起着不可缺少的作用)in raising children.43.John seems a nice person,_(即使这样),I dont trust him.

30、44.The fifth generation computers,with artificial intelligence,_(正在研制)and perfected now.45.What a lovely party!Its worth_(牢记一生).46Though you stay in the sea for weeks,you will not_(失去联系)the outside world.47.Cancer is _(仅次于)heart disease as a cause of death.48.It is a pity that we should stay at home

31、 when we have _(这么好的天气).49.I would _(不会诉诸法律)a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.50.John cannot afford to go to the university,_(更不用说出国了).51I dont mind your_(你延期做出决定)the decision as long as it is not too late.52.I suggested he _（使自己适应）his new conditions.53.I have no objection_（再听听你的故事）.54.Thi

32、s popular sports car_（正在生产出来）out at the rate of a thousand a week.55._（请你找张空白纸）and write your name at the top?参考答案：11.at intervals12.injure himself13.busy preparing for14.had to be operated manually15.neednt have borrowed it from the bank.16.shall have left for17.is often a very time-consuming job18

33、.something was done/some measures were taken19.overcame it/got over it20.in the way 21.had interrupted me22.it is because she is too inexperienced23.caught him cheating me24.did not work in the same office25.was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather26.will be doing/conducting the e

34、xperiment27.has a strong influence on 28.would not have finished so early29.wondering about his real purpose30.attempts to escape being fined 31.resort to force32.cant have been cleaned33.was wrongly accused/charged34.for fear that he should be recognized35.being sent abroad36.neither will they37.no

35、t so much a writer38.Believe it or not39.may just as well stay at home40.stain the new carpet41.didnt do anything42.play indispensable roles43.Even so44.are being developed45.remembering all my life46.lose contact with 47.second only to48.such fine weather49.have never resorted to 50.not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad51.delaying making52.should adapt himself to53.to hearing your story again54.is now being turned55.Could you take a blank sheet of paper?